Nanofiltration (NF), combined with activated carbon (AC) for phthalate esters (PAEs) treatment, were studied. Three kinds of typical PAEs dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) were selected as target contaminant. Fifty µg/L of each PAEs liquid match was prepared with natural river water and treated by NF combined with 10 mg/L or 50 mg/L powdered AC. The test was processed at normal temperature, 0.4 MPa pressure, and pH value as 7. The results indicated that AC can be used as the pretreatment of NF to remove the majority of dissolved organic matter and inorganic particles and can be a safeguard for NF membrane. The removal rates of three PAEs by AC-NF were all above 99%, which suggests that the AC-NF process is feasible for PAEs treatment.

Pollution and treatment of the wastewater have been the focus of environmental protection. In the microbial nitrogen removal processes, a denitrification filter has the advantages of low investment, less land occupied, high biomass and high treatment efficiency. Therefore, it is one of the most widely used processing technologies in advanced treatment. This study uses secondary effluent of the East Sewage Treatment Plant as the research object. The effluent of the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) has a low temperature about 10–20 °C. The inner diameter of the filter column is 150 mm, and the height of the column is 2.3 m. The denitrification filter used boring exposure and continuous water to select the advantage bacterium group to form biological membrane attached on the surface of the filter material. This experiment studies the different treatment effect when forming biological membrane using two different packing processes (ceramsite packing and polyethylene polyhedral hollow ring filter packing) in the denitrification filter. During the experiment, TN, NO3−–N, NO2−–N, NH4+–N, CODCr were constantly measured as well as other regular indicators. The above regular indicators show the biological membrane attachment condition during the formation of the biological membrane. To confirm this procedure successfully, the mark was that the CODcr removal rate reached 50% and the NO3−–N removal rate reached 60%. It was shown that the ceramsite packing needed 25 d, and the polyethylene polyhedral hollow ring packing needed 30 d. This experiment indicates that the startup time, membrane growth and removal efficiency of the ceramsite filter are better than the polyethylene polyhedral hollow ring filter.

The effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) on treatment efficiency and sludge reduction in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were examined in this study. The results showed that not only was excess sludge reduced but the pollutants were also removed more effectively in the low-DO reactor compared with the control reactor. To further investigate the differences between the sludges produced in the two reactors, the characteristics of each sludge were studied. The average values of MLVSS/MLSS, SOUREX, SOUREN, Y-H, and K-d in the low-DO reactor were 0.82, 44 mg O-2/(g MLSS h), 6.8 mg O-2/ (g MLSS h), 0.61 g cell/g COD, and 0.33 d(-1), respectively, and 0.78, 37 mg O-2/(g MLSS h), 8.2 mg O-2/(g MLSS h), 0.65 g cell/g COD, and 0.38 d(-1), respectively, in the control reactor. In the low-DO reactor, filamentous bacteria, facultative bacteria, and other such bacteria that are able to adapt to the low-DO environment comprising the main bacteria. The low YH and high total decay of the low-DO reactor sludge contributed to the reduction in sludge quantity by approximately 16% and 84%, respectively.

A laser PM2.5 detector based on light scattering theory and microcontroller is designed to solve the problems of complex operation, inconvenient portability, lagging monitoring results and medium consumption of the existing PM2.5 detector. By modeling and calculating the mapping relationship between the measured data and the standard monitoring data of the detector, the accuracy of the detector is effectively improved. The experimental results show that the designed detector effectively overcomes the problems existing in general detectors, and the accuracy meets the design requirements.

In order to accurate control on the technical parameters of rotary evaporator, verification method of the equipment was studied. Through the measurement of the technical parameters such as rotation rate, axis swing, temperature and vacuum, the technical parameters limit of rotary evaporator verification was established. The verification of rotary evaporator can make the user have a certain grasp on the device performance indicators, provide important technical guarantee for accurate test process control and product quality control.

To clarify the influence of water bath temperature on the decompression and concentration efficiency of a rotary evaporator, accurate control of the water bath temperature is required. Therefore, the water bath temperature control system of a rotary evaporator was studied using the recovery rate of phthalate esters (PAEs) as the indicator. The results showed that when the temperature of the rotary evaporator was set at 40°C, the actual temperature range of the concentrated liquid would change from 26–41 to 39–41°C. By modifying the water bath temperature control system, the recovery rate of PAEs could be increased from 72.4% to 85.6% to 93.2%–98.5%. This test indicates that temperature has a great influence on vacuum concentration, and the recovery rate of PAEs can be improved by modifying the water bath temperature control system used in the rotary evaporator.

A mathematical model of direct reduction of metallurgical dust pellet layers has been established in a rotary hearth furnace. The effects of radiation shielding of the upper layer to lower layer and the heating effects of the hearth were considered in the model. The control equations of the model were discretized into algebraic equations based on the control volume integration method and numerically solved by the alternating direction implicit method. The effects of pellet arrangement, furnace temperature, and the height of the pellet layer were investigated by the model. The results show that staggered arrangement of metallurgical dust pellets can improve average temperature of pellet layer. Thus, the degree of metallization and zinc removal rate of the pellet layer are improved. With the increase of furnace temperature, degree of metallization increases rapidly. Compared with iron oxide reductions, furnace temperature has less effect on zinc removal rate. With the height of pellet bed increasing to four layers, both degree of metallization and zinc removal rate of the fourth layer are slightly higher than that of the third layer. After heating for 15 min, extending heating time has little influence on zinc removal rate of each layer.

以某工程300 t RH二期工程为例,介绍了该工程液压系统的组成,阐述了闭环泵控系统调速方案.以节能思想为核心,设计了基于负载敏感泵、蓄能器节能回收和辅助执行机构单独控制的高效节能系统,并对各种方案的节能特性作了全面的研究和分析.工程应用结果表明,对于连续生产作业制度,相比常规的恒压变量泵系统,该系统每年节省总能量3.84×107 kJ,能耗降低39％;对于间断生产制度,采用负载敏感泵单独控制辅助执行机构的待机模式,节能效果巨大.该工程二期的负载敏感系统比一期的恒压变量泵系统的发热量和故障率明显降低,深受业主好评.

Chlorine analyzer is broadly used for determination of residual chlorine or total chlorine in water. It is very important to evaluate its performance and needed to be calibrated by metrology organizations. But there is no standard or regulation for chlorine analyzer calibration in our country. The calibration methods of chlorine analyzer was suggested on the basis of the function characteristics of the instrument for evaluating the metrological performance of the instruments.

Silicate analyzer is broadly used for determination of silicate in water. It is very important to evaluate its performance and needed to be calibrated by metrology organizations. But there is no standard or regulation for silicate analyzer calibration in our country. The calibration methods of silicate analyzer was suggested on the basis of the function characteristics of the instrument. The experimental results prove that this method can evaluate the performance of silicate analyzer accurately and comprehensively.

Proximate analyzer is broadly used for determination of coal, so it is very important to evaluate its performance, orderly, the proximate analyzer is needed to be calibrated by metrology organizations. But there is no standard or regulation for proximate analyzer calibration in our country. On the basis of the function characteristics of proximate analyzer, the authors have suggested the calibration methods of temperature control performance, indication error and repeatability of ash and volatile, and the general technical requirement which includes appearance, insulation resistance, and insulation strength. The experimental results prove that this method can evaluate the performance of the proximate analyzer accurately and comprehensively.

The adsorption of PAEs from aqueous using natural zeolite and CTMAB zeolite was investigated by a batch technique under ambient conditions. Natural zeolite adsorption data were best-fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich equations, while CTMAB adsorption data were best-fitted to Linear equations. The results suggest that the adsorption on CTMAB zeolite involves adsorption process and distribution role and zeolites performs well as reusable materials for adsorption.

Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (Mg–Al LDH) was investigated for adsorption of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) from water samples. The adsorption capability of the Mg–Al LDH was compared with that of activated carbon. Adsorption of the three phthalate esters (PAEs) fitted pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the Langmuir or Freundlich equations described the adsorption isotherms. Adsorption of the PAEs was exothermic, and was mainly dominated by physical interactions including dispersion, induction, orientation and hydrogen bond forces. Compared with activated carbon, the Mg–Al LDH removal efficiency of the relatively small PAE, DMP, was about 20 % lower. The removal efficiencies of the larger PAEs, DEHP and DOP, were about the same on both sorbents. After three regeneration cycles of the Mg–Al LDH at 300 °C for 2 h, its adsorption capacity remained above 90 %. The infrared (IR) spectra and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the Mg-Al-LDH before and after regeneration showed no large differences, which indicates that the structure of the Mg–Al LDH does not change after regeneration.

We developed a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) after concentration by solid-phase extraction (SPE). This HPLC method utilized a simple mobile phase of 100 % methanol on a Diamonsil™ C18 column, and resulted in rapid (<;8 min) separation of the analytes. The limits of quantification were: DMP 0.010 ng mL-1 DBP 0.025 ng mL-1 DEHP 0.035 ng mL-1 and DOP 0.040 ng mL-1. Their Recoveries ranged from 93.2-98.5 %. The proposed SPE-HPLC method could be used for the determination of PAEs in surface water.