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A double-blind controlled study comparing the effects of bupropion to doxepin in outpatients with primary depression was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety differences between the two drugs. Following a 7-day placebo washout period, patients could be treated for up to 13 weeks on either treatment. Antidepressant response was assessed by the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales, Clinical Global Severity and Improvement Ratings, and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Comparable efficacy between the compounds was found across the 13-week study. Doxepin differed from bupropion mainly on the sleep factor of the Hamilton Depression Scale, with doxepin improving sleep to a greater extent than bupropion. Doxepin produced a greater incidence of anticholinergic side effects, including dry mouth, constipation, sleepiness, and tiredness, in comparison to bupropion. Also, increased appetite and weight gain were consistent side effects of doxepin relative to bupropion.
The subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects of bupropion, a nontricyclic antidepressant, were compared with those of dextroamphetamine and placebo in a randomized double-blind crossover study. The volunteers who participated were multiple-drug abusers. Six acute drug treatments, three doses of bupropion (100, 200, 400 mg), two doses of dextroamphetamine (15, 30 mg), and placebo were administered orally at intervals of not less than 72 h. Results indicated that the subjective effects of amphetamine as measured by the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) differed markedly from bupropion and placebo. Bupropion, in contrast to amphetamine, had no peripheral sympathomimetic effects and did not reduce appetite or caloric intake.
A simple word list learning technique which has previously been shown to be useful clinically in evaluating disordered memory in organic patients, was employed to assess the effects of marijuana on storage and retrieval processes in memory. Twelve male subjects were administered marijuana and placebo in two separate sessions separated by a one week interval. Each subject served as his own drug control. Fifteen min after smoking a 500 mg marijuana cigarette containing 2.1% Δ9 - THC or a placebo cigarette, each subject presented with a 30-item word list and then required to recall it in writing. Half of the subjects in the first session recalled one list while the other half recalled a second similarly constructed list. The lists were reversed during the second session. Following the initial recall test, onlythose words not recalled were presented again. Presentation of a given word continued only until an item was recalled once. There were 12 recall trials. This method termed restricted reminding allows for the simultaneous evaluation of storage and retrieval without confounding due to continuous presentation. The critical data were the number of items recalled without presentation following initial recall. Results indicated that marijuana produced a slower rate of acquisition of items into storage in comparison to placebo although the same number of items were eventually stored under both conditions. The drug appeared to exert its most deleterious effect on the retrieval of information from long term storage.
34 experienced marijuana users were divided into four equated groups of eight subjects each based on recognition memory test performance. One week later each group was retested following administration of marijuana containing 0, 5, 10 or 15 mg delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. A dose-related effect of marijuana on pulse rate and subjective measures of potency and pleasantness occurred. Ratings of potency and changes in pulse rate were highly correlated, but this relationship did not hold within a given dosage group as determined by partial correlations. No effect of marijuana on the distribution of hit and false alarm rates or confidence ratings during the recognition memory test was noted.
In an attempt to ascertain the effect of retrieval cues on recall deficits which occur following intoxication with marijuana. 40 male volunteers were presented with word lists following the smoking of a single one gram marijuana (0.94% Δ9-THC) or placebo cigarette and then were required to recall these words immediately after presentation. Recall occurred under a condition in which cues representative of to-be-remembered words were present or in an uncued condition. Results indicated that recall was depressed following marijuana administration under both cued and uncued conditions with cues being only mildly effective in reversing the recall deficit. There was no increase in the number of internal intrusions under marijuana, but the number of external intrusions was significantly elevated under the cued condition.