The Significant obvious shear effects within nanoscale pores and throats of low-permeability reservoirs can impede the stable flow of both injected fluids and crude oil, consequently limiting the overall oil recovery. This study employed an ultrasonic-assisted polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) technique to synthesize ultra-small spherical polyacrylate nanomicelle (SPNM). Experimental results showed that ultrasonic cavitation combined with PISA optimized micellization, producing nanomicelles with more uniform molecular weight, smaller size, lower viscosity, and more regular morphology. When the addition amount of AA was 5 g, the obtained SPNM-U5 micelles had the smallest size (24.84 nm). Meanwhile, SPNM-U5 demonstrated superior interfacial activity, achieving an ultralow interfacial tension of 0.012 mN/m, an interfacial expansion modulus of 15.72 mN/m, and high emulsification efficiency (>85%) coupled with excellent emulsion stability. Wettability alteration experiments confirmed that SPNM-U5 effectively transformed the rock surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, reducing the contact angle from 116.5 degrees to 28.4 degrees. Capillary lifting and microscopic oil displacement experiments validated that the resulting micelles, owing to their ultra-small size and spherical morphology, could effectively access nanopore and displace the trapped residual oil. It was noteworthy that the produced fluid from water flooding was a continuous oil phase, whereas that from nanomicelle flooding appeared as dispersed droplets. The core oil displacement experiment further confirmed that the addition of these nanomicelles could significantly increase the oil recovery by 14.58%. The ultrasound-assisted PISA method proposed in this study provided a new approach for the controllable preparation of ultra-small nanomicelles, which holds significant implications for enhancing oil recovery of low-permeability reservoirs.

Flexible pressure sensors hold significant potential for applications in many fields, such as human-motion monitoring, human-computer interaction, and healthcare. Motivated by the increasing focus on sustainable development, biomass-based aerogels have garnered significant attention due to their environmental friendliness, high porosity, and large specific surface area. Herein, inspired by the architecture of plant vascular bundles, we present a straightforward approach for fabricating biomass-derived conductive aerogels with synergistic internal and external dual conductive networks. The aerogel is composed of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxylated carbon nanotubes (C-CNTs), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). The resulting composite aerogel was used to fabricate a flexible pressure sensor exhibiting superhydrophobicity (153 +/- 1.1 degrees), high sensitivity (7.33 kPa(-1)), rapid response(32 ms), and good durability(>800-cycle durability). Additionally, the sensor can effectively identify the movement states of different human body parts. This work provides a viable biomimetic design strategy for developing high-performance, environmentally robust flexible biomass-based sensing systems.

Paper products, with their biodegradability, low cost, and scalable production, have become a strong alternative to plastic packaging. However, cellulose paper has drawbacks like poor hydrophobicity, barrier properties, and mechanical strength, which severely limit its use in packaging. In this study, a cellulose fiber-modified polylactic acid (PLA) solution was first prepared via physical blending, with PLA as the matrix and various cellulose fibers as reinforcements. The base paper was then impregnated in this cellulose fiber-modified PLA solution through a dip-coating process to produce high-performance paper with a hierarchical sandwich structure. The results indicated that the cellulose fiber-modified PLA solution reduced the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the base paper by approximately 97%, while increasing its tensile strength, elongation at break, and folding resistance by 24%, 114%, and 226% respectively. Meanwhile, the water contact angle increased from 40.41° to 95.06°, indicating a significant shift in the base paper from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Specifically, the comprehensive performance of the base paper coated with a solution of cellulose fiber-modified PLA containing 2.5% (mass fraction) broadleaf wood fibers is better. Moreover, waste white cardboard fibers, similar to wood pulp fibers, could effectively enhance paper's strength and barrier properties.

Hollow silica (SiO2) has attracted extensive interest in biomedicine, adsorption, and catalysis owing to its unique structural and physicochemical properties. However, its intrinsic hydrophilicity limits its applications in oil-water separation and hydrophobic coatings, making surface hydrophobic modification a critical strategy. In this work, hollow SiO2 was synthesized via a sol-gel method using polystyrene (PS) microspheres as templates and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)/methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) as co-precursors. The TEOS/MTES ratio was optimized to regulate the shell morphology, surface roughness, and surface hydroxyl content of hollow SiO2. Subsequently, one-step and two-step silanization strategies were systematically compared to elucidate the relationship between structural evolution and hydrophobic performance. The results demonstrated that both routes could effectively impart hydrophobicity to hollow SiO2 while preserving its structural integrity and mesoporous characteristics. The two-step method endowed hollow SiO2 with superior hydrophobic performance, achieving a maximum water contact angle of 144.1°, whereas the one-step approach also rendered hollow SiO2 hydrophobic, with a contact angle of up to 126.6°. Notably, the one-step modified hollow SiO2 exhibited larger particle sizes and thicker shells, suggesting enhanced mechanical strength and structural stability. Furthermore, these samples possessed higher specific surface areas and larger internal cavity volumes, indicating excellent adsorption capacity and promising potential for applications in adsorption and catalysis. Overall, this work achieves the synergistic regulation of hollow structure and surface hydrophobicity in SiO2, yielding structurally stable hydrophobic hollow SiO2 with tunable surface properties and improved long-term stability. This study provides new insights into the surface functionalization of hollow SiO2 and establishes a theoretical foundation for its applications in oil-water separation, hydrophobic coatings, and catalysis.

Conventional phase-transition ionic conductors (PTICs) based on ionic liquids (ILs) suffer from a fixed resistance-switching temperature (TRS), intrinsically limited by the immutable melting point of ILs, which restricts their applications in scenarios requiring specific thermal triggers. Herein, we propose a general hierarchical strategy to achieve continuous and precise regulation of TRS. This is accomplished by leveraging the well-defined relationship between the melting temperature (Tm) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and its molecular weight (Mn) for coarse adjustment, followed by fine-tuning via blending with lower-Mn PEG or incorporating a plasticizer, succinonitrile (SN). The resulting PEG/PDES-Li-based PTICs enable wide-range tuning of Tm and TRS from 37 to 59 degrees C with a precision of similar to 1 degrees C. The optimized conductor (PTIC-4) demonstrates an ultrahigh negative temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of -7.64% degrees C-1 within 30-40 degrees C, allowing for the detection of subtle temperature variations. Moreover, the material undergoes a reversible transparent-to-opaque transition at TRS, facilitating intuitive visual thermometry. Beyond temperature sensing, the conductor also functions as a high-performance strain sensor for monitoring human joint motions and even Morse code communication. This work establishes a versatile platform and a general design principle for the development of intelligent wearable devices, medical monitoring systems, and human-computer interaction interfaces.

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the most abundant bioactive polyphenols in tea, and its rapid and sensitive determination is of great importance for food quality control and safety evaluation. Herein, a highly sensitive fluorescence sensing platform based on the synergistic enhancement of hollow-sphere photonic crystals (HSPCs) and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) is developed for the quantitative detection of EGCG. The photonic band-edge effect and light localization effect of HSPCs, combined with microenvironment regulation induced by the host-guest inclusion interaction of beta-CD, synergistically amplify the fluorescence emission intensity of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G). Under acidic conditions, EGCG reacts with ammonium molybdate to form molybdate ester complexes, which induce selective fluorescence quenching of Rh6G, enabling an indirect sensing strategy with a good linear response. Benefiting from the synergistic contribution of structural optical field modulation and molecular microenvironment engineering, the proposed sensor achieves a theoretical limit of detection (LOD) of 5.1 & times; 10-16 mol & sdot;L- 1, together with good selectivity, anti-interference capability, and reusability. In practical tea sample analysis, satisfactory recoveries are obtained, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the method. This study demonstrates that synergistic fluorescence amplification provides an effective strategy for the sensitive detection of bioactive small molecules in complex food matrices.

Photonic crystals regulate light propagation through their periodic structures and generate vivid structural color, making them highly attractive for sensing, anti-counterfeiting, and detection applications. However, self-assembled photonic crystals are inherently fragile, and their periodic structures are readily disrupted under liquid immersion or mechanical disturbance, leading to attenuation or even complete loss of structural color. This instability severely limits their practical application in complex environments. Herein, polyurethane was modified with a toughening resin and processed using a segmented thermal-curing strategy to fabricate an inverse opal polyurethane photonic crystal film with high tensile strength and high fracture strain. The resulting film maintained vivid structural color under liquid immersion and preserved distinct reflection peaks and stable optical properties under temperature variation, pH variation, salt-solution immersion, and mechanical disturbance. In addition, the film exhibited good optical reversibility and cycling stability during repeated exchange between anhydrous ethanol and deionized water. This work demonstrates a structurally stable and deformable inverse opal polyurethane photonic crystal film and provides a new design strategy for liquid-immersion optical identification, flexible photonic devices, and long-term reliable visual indicator materials.

With the rapid expansion of the poultry industry, the usage of amantadine has become widespread for avian influenza virus prevention and treatment. However, its extensive application raises concerns about drug residues, the development of resistance in poultry and livestock, and potential risks to human health through the food chain. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop sensors that can enable fast and visual detection of amantadine. In this research, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) polymeric photonic crystal sensors were fabricated and utilized for the detection of amantadine. The influence of the ratio of functional monomer to crosslinker and the amount of HP-beta-CD on the sensor was systematically explored. It was observed that the best sensitivity for the detection of amantadine was achieved when the ratio was 5:0.1 and the amount of HP-beta-CD was 0.1 mmol L- 1. Notably, the sensors exhibited remarkable color changes, transitioning from orange to cyan, in response to the analyte's presence. This unique feature allowed for rapid and semi-quantitative visual detection of amantadine. By simply monitoring the color variation, users could easily determine the presence and approximate concentration of amantadine, facilitating quick on-site assessments. These HP-beta-CD polymeric photonic crystal sensors offer a practical and efficient approach for on-the-spot analysis of amantadine residues, contributing to improved food safety and monitoring of drug usage in the poultry industry.

Heavy metal ions and mycotoxins pose serious risks to food safety and public health. Conventional analytical methods such as chromatography and mass spectrometry are accurate but remain costly, labor-intensive, and unsuitable for rapid on-site monitoring. Aptamers, synthetic single-stranded DNA or RNA obtained through SELEX, provide high affinity, good stability, and easy modification, making them attractive recognition elements for biosensor design. This review highlights recent progress in aptamer-based biosensors for detecting toxic metals (Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, As3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Mn2+) and mycotoxins (OTA, AFB1, ZEN, DON, FB1). With the aid of nanomaterials, optical and electrochemical transduction, and molecular amplification, many sensors have achieved ultra-low detection limits from nanomolar to femtomolar levels, together with improved selectivity and performance in complex matrices. Current challenges include limited availability of high-affinity aptamers, matrix interference, and lack of standardized protocols. Future advances are expected through high-throughput aptamer screening, multimodal sensing strategies, and integration with portable microfluidic or paper-based devices to promote applications.

With the advancement of eco-friendly biodegradable composites, polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted considerable attention. This study used micro-nanocellulose fibers-specifically, micrometer-sized cellulose fibers (MF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted from office waste paper-to synergistically modify PLA. The findings revealed that CNCs interwove with MF, forming dense network structures in the PLA composites. This network enabled CNCs and MF to synergistically improve the reinforcement of PLA. As a result, the storage modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break of PLA increased by approximately 64 %, 13 %, and 33 %, respectively. Furthermore, micro-nanocellulose fibers formed a multiscale structure in PLA composites, extending the diffusion path of water molecules and improving PLA's water vapor barrier property by 87 %. This micro-nanostructure also reduced hydrophilicity while changing the surface roughness and transparency of the PLA composites. Notably, all PLA composites exhibited excellent degradability. This study not only achieved the synergistic modification of PLA using micro-nanocellulose fibers but also introduced an innovative approach for recycling and repurposing office waste paper.

Aggregation plays an important role in the design of photosensitizers for photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), and aggregation behavior control becomes an important research topic. To regulate the D-it-A type photosensitizers' aggregation, herein, "conjugation length extending" strategy was utilized to suppress D-it-A type photosensitizers' H-aggregation and further developed an excellent photosensitizer. Based on which, novel D-it-A type photosensitizers using tetra-ene and penta-ene as conjugated electron bridges were designed, synthesized and systematically studied. Interestingly, these novel photosensitizers displayed different aggregation behavior in nanoparticles, and the penta-ene based photosensitizer (PE-CLD) exhibited desired J-aggregation, which ensured it possesses excellent near infrared (NIR) absorption (even extending to NIR-II region). The PE-CLD NPs showed good photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), obvious reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability and photoacoustic (PA) signal under 808 nm or 1064 nm laser irradiation. In addition, PE-CLD NPs exhibited NIR-II emission, excellent photostability and good biodegradability. Finally, PE-CLD NPs were demonstrated to have good imaging quality and excellent PDT/PTT efficacy in vivo. This contribution not only proposes aggregation control strategy for D-it-A type photosensitizer but also provides an excellent photosensitizer for NIR-II fluorescence and photoacoustic dual-mode imaging guided PDT/PTT synergistic cancer therapy.

Natural bones, typical organic-inorganic hybrid composite, are comprised of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals and collagen nanofibrils, and bionic composites play a key role in the development of bone substitute. However, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which possess great potential for collagen substitute, are still a challenge for use in bone graft due to its cytotoxicity. Furthermore, biomineralization of bone-like HAp crystals with hierarchical structure and excellent mechanical strength induced by CNTs remains challenging. Herein, inspired by the hierarchical structure of natural bone, CNTs/HAp hybrid composites are successfully mediated by lysozyme aggregates through biomineralization. Abundant functional groups on the lysozyme aggregates-coated CNTs enrich the interface with bonded calcium and phosphate ions, facilitating the nucleation and growth of HAp crystals with c-axis orientation being similar to bone-like crystals. Owing to the adhesion originated from biofilm, lysozyme aggregates could readily integrate HAp on CNTs surface with excellent bonding stability under external pulling force, supporting attachment and proliferation of cells and bone tissues. Therefore, this biocompatible and biomimetic composites with osteoconductivity holds potential application on bone repair surgery and synthetic bone graft substitutes.

BACKGROUND:The extensive use of organic amines in industries has led to significant environmental concerns. Traditional detection methods, such as chromatography, are highly accurate but costly, time-consuming, and require specialized equipment, limiting their practical use in routine environmental monitoring. This underscores the need for portable, cost-effective, and user-friendly detection technologies. RESULTS:In this study, a novel sensor for organic amine detection based on inverse opal polymer photonic crystals (IOPPCs) has been facile designed and fabricated. By integrating urease-catalyzed reactions, the IOPPCs exhibited notable structural color changes in response to different amine solutions. Since the urease-catalyzed hydrolysis of urea directly affects the pH of the environment, the IOPPCs with a large surface area exhibit redshifted reflection peaks, enabling enhanced qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of organic amines. Notably, selective detection of ethylenediamine has been achieved at the low concentration from 1 × 10-9 mol L-1 to 1 × 10-7 mol L-1. To enhance user accessibility, the platform incorporates an existing mobile app to convert the structural color data into quantitative information. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY:The sensor platform demonstrates excellent resistance to interference, strong applicability, and reusability, highlighting its potential for real-time, on-site detection of organic amines. This has significant practical implications for environmental and public health monitoring.

Accurate and timely detection of sodium nitrite is critical for ensuring food safety. Current detection methods predominantly rely on large-scale analytical instruments and lack portable systems for rapid, real-time visual analysis in field settings. This study presents a ferrocene-based polymeric photonic crystal sensor for semi-quantitative visual detection of sodium nitrite in food. The sensing mechanism involves a cascade process: sodium nitrite inhibits catalase activity, preventing decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. This alteration affects the redox process of the sensor, resulting in a change in the blue shift of reflection. Distinct structural color transitions (orange-red to green) correlate with different sodium nitrite concentrations, enabling semi-quantitative visual detection at concentrations as low as 5 x 10-5 g/L (0.72 mu M). The method is facile, insensitive to pH variations, rapid in response, and exhibits high sensitivity, stability, broad adaptability, and robust anti-interference capability. The preliminary application of the sensing system in real samples displays promising prospects. This research contributes to the advancement of practical applications in the field of food safety.

Nitrite is a common food additive, and excessive intake poses serious health risks, highlighting the urgent need for sensitive and portable detection strategies applicable to complex food matrices. In this work, we developed a fluorescence sensing platform based on three-dimensional ordered hollow SiO2 photonic crystal (HSPC) films combined with the Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G)/I3-static quenching system, enabling ultra-trace nitrite detection. By tuning the photonic bandgap to match the emission peak of Rh6G, fluorescence responses were significantly amplified via the Purcell and slow-light effects. Under optimized conditions, the sensor achieved an ultralow detection limit of 7.4 x 10-16 M and a wide linear range of 1.0 x 10-15 to 1.0 x 10-5 M, while maintaining excellent specificity and stability against common interfering ions and organic acid. Cycling experiments confirmed good reproducibility and structural integrity, with recovery rates ranging from 95.8 % to 104.3 %. Application to commercial sausage samples yielded results consistent with the standard spectrophotometric method, demonstrating reliable performance in complex food matrices. Compared with recently reported techniques, the proposed platform offers superior sensitivity and a broader linear range, providing new perspectives for the application of photonic crystals in food safety monitoring.

In the context of green development, different types of waste paper were used in this study to prepare environment-friendly nanocellulose membrane by using different pretreatment processes. The results showed that all nanocellulose membranes had a novel microscopic composite morphology: nanocellulose fibers in the middle were tightly arranged and had a certain direction, while nanocellulose fibers at the edge were arranged randomly. Moreover, the type of waste paper affected the formation and property of nanocellulose membranes deeply compared with the pretreatment process. Nanocellulose membrane prepared from office waste paper had a high transmittance (50.8 %) and low oxygen transmission rate (1.548 center dot 10- 3/cm3mm/(m2 center dot d center dot KPa)) while that prepared from waste corrugated paper had a high yield (50.63 %), high folding number (81 times), and low water vapor transmission rate (1550.24 g center dot m- 2 center dot day- 1). Meanwhile, nanocellulose membrane prepared without any deinking treatment had a significant performance advantage in terms of water vapor barrier and folding resistance. Therefore, in actual application, deinking treatment can be selectivity omitted, which will simplify the preparation process flow and reduce the production cost of nanocellulose membrane. Furthermore, in order to satisfy different application requirements, the appropriate raw materials and treatment processes can be chosen to prepare nanocellulose membranes with different properties. This study provides a simple and low-cost way to prepare high-performance environment-friendly self-assembled nano membrane material, and also achieves the high value utilization of waste paper, which has a certain ecological, economic, and social benefits.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a conventional packaging material. Its modification has attracted immense attention in the industry and academia. Here, office waste paper, white cardboard waste, and waste corrugated paper were first employed as raw materials for cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) extraction by acid hydrolysis. Thereafter, CNC/PET composite films with various CNC additions were prepared via a self-assembly technique. The results revealed that the CNCs formed a self-assembled film on the PET surface via the synergistic effect of the complex interactions among the CNCs as well as between the CNCs and PET. Moreover, the CNCs improved the barrier property of PET and decreased the oxygen and water vapor transmittances of CNC/PET by 30.7% and 21.7%, respectively. Additionally, the coating of the PET surface with 0.2 wt.% CNCs extracted from the waste paper decreased the surface wettability of PET, exhibiting application potentials in the hydrophobic modification of polymers. This study realized waste paper recycling and provided a basis for constructing self-assembled functional films on PET surfaces. The findings and insights of this study could exhibit application potentials in the fields of waste recycling and packaging materials. Highlights center dot A functional cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) film is prepared from waste paper. center dot Self-assembled CNC is coated on a PET surface to form a CNC/PET composite film. center dot The synergistic interactions among CNCs and between CNC and PET modified PET. center dot The low addition of CNCs realized the efficiency modification of PET. center dot The study achieves waste paper recycling and high-value utilization.

The aim of this study is to construct a high-activity platinum-anchored WO3 electrocatalyst and investigate the effect of platinum content on the catalytic performance. This strategy compared the electrocatalytic performance under acidic conditions by discussing the platinum content and significantly enhances the electrocatalytic activity through nanoscale structure creation and electronic synergies. Therefore, anchoring Pt atoms on WO3 nanoarrays is very important for boosting the activity and stability of electrocatalysis via a hydrothermal co-precipitation approach, Pt-x/WO3@NF (x = 0.1 mmol similar to 0.3 mmol) named as Pt-1/WO3, Pt-2/WO3 and Pt-3/WO3, which enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities. The prepared Pt-2/WO3@NF microspheres showed excellent electrocatalytic activity. When the current density was 10 mA cm(-2), the HER overpotential was 77 mV, the OER overpotential was 126 mV, and the two-electrode water decomposition voltage was 1.4418 V. The bifunctional catalyst shows excellent stability, with virtually no decay in the curves after 100 h stability tests. In addition, nanosheet surface has abundant defects and interface structure, which can maintain excellent conductivity of catalyst and expose more active sites clarify the increased H-2 adsorption for HER activity enhancement. The synthesis of a bifunctional electrocatalyst with both HER and OER properties, presents a novel and intriguing conce

This review discusses the progress of research on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and its composite membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). SPEEK is a promising material for replacing traditional perfluorosulfonic acid membranes due to its excellent thermal stability, mechanical property, and tunable proton conductivity. By adjusting the degree of sulfonation (DS) of SPEEK, the hydrophilicity and proton conductivity of the membrane can be controlled, while also balancing its mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. Researchers have developed various composite membranes by combining SPEEK with a range of organic and inorganic materials, such as polybenzimidazole (PBI), fluoropolymers, and silica, to enhance the mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability of the membranes, while reducing fuel permeability and improving the overall performance of the fuel cell. Despite the significant potential of SPEEK and its composite membranes in PEMFCs, there are still challenges and room for improvement, including proton conductivity, chemical stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact assessments.

Tumor microenvironment responsive drug delivery system presents great potential in tumor-targeted drug delivery. In this study, a poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) coated biodegradable core-shell microsphere PMAA@DOX-SiO2-PEG with a poly (methylacrylate acid) (PMAA) core and a biodegradable silica layer was prepared. Doxorubicin (DOX) was effectively loaded into the PMAA core and sealed by the silica layer with a drug loading efficiency of 15.3 %. The PEG-modified drug-loaded microspheres present high stability at simulated physiological media with minimized drug leakage (8 %, 56 h), while 80 % drug could be released within 10 h at simulated tumor environment due to the effective carrier degradation. In vitro cell experiments also confirm the good biocompatibility of the blank carrier and the effective tumor inhibition of the drug-loaded microspheres. The study is expected to further promote the development of tumor microenvironment-responsive drug delivery systems.