To mitigate aviation accidents attributable to human factors, this study develops an affective evaluation method for aircraft cockpit interiors in complex dynamic environments. A simplified model was constructed along the dimensions of mission timeline, phase, and scenario, and a Comprehensive Impact Index of Complex Dynamic Environments on Flight Emotions was defined. Criteria and method for pilot perceptual measurement were subsequently established. Following this, perceptible design features were characterized through flight simulation experiments replicating complex dynamic conditions, enabling collection of pilots' subjective and objective perceptual data. A BP neural network-based predictive model for cockpit interior evaluation was developed and validated. This work provides an evaluation methodology and experimental paradigm that better reflects real flight conditions, contributing to enhanced perceptual interaction in cockpit environments and supporting aviation safety.

To address users’ increasingly diverse aesthetic and emotional needs, this study develops an innovative product color design framework based on Kansei. The proposed method transfers color from paintings (source) to consumer products (target) using Kansei as an intermediary, thereby enhancing the affective quality of color and the perceived design value. The framework initiates with cluster analysis to extract color feature groups (CFGs) from paintings. Subsequently, product color genomes (PCGs) are constructed through functional and structural analysis. Following this, subjective evaluation quantifies Kansei for both CFGs and PCGs, identifying representative groups linked to specific Kansei words. Finally, a Kansei-mediated mapping bridges painting CFGs and PCGs to execute the transfer. Validated using Chinese paintings and a coffee machine, the method effectively transfers painting color schemes, enriches product design, improves color quality, and supports culturally adaptive design within international marketing strategies.

In order to establish the link between rehabilitation experience and patients' emotional feedback to assist decision making in a wrist rehabilitation program, this article integrates a gamified experience and proposes an affective evaluation method based on cascaded fuzzy reasoning. Primarily, gamified interactive tasks are developed for wrist rehabilitation training, and the prototype of a rehabilitation interactive system is built to collect multidimensional physiological signals (MPSs). Subsequently, with the MPS as input and arousal valence (AV) as output, fuzzy reasoning rule I is defined to establish the MPS-AV model and calculate the value of AV. Besides, with AV as input and emotion label (EL) as output, fuzzy reasoning rule II is defined to establish the AV-EL model and visually analyze the emotional state of patients. Finally, the task completion rate of rehabilitation interaction behavior is calculated based on behavior coding, and the effectiveness of the proposed affective evaluation method is verified by integrating subjective evaluation. The gamified rehabilitation experience and the affective evaluation method based on cascaded fuzzy reasoning provide methods and experiences for wrist-rehabilitation-related products and services, and this protocol can also be generalized in the field of rehabilitation digital therapy.

Plant fibers, characterized by their low density, renewable nature, and environmentally friendly characteristics, offer considerable potential as reinforcement materials in geopolymer composites. This review provides a critical and thorough examination of recent developments and emerging trends in plant fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (PFRGC). The paper commences by detailing the inherent characteristics of plant fibers and the mechanisms governing their interfacial adhesion with the geopolymer matrix, with specific emphasis on the impact of fiber surface modification on interface properties. The review offers a comprehensive investigation of the mechanical properties of plant fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete, encompassing compressive strength, tensile strength, and toughness. Additionally, the paper examines the influence of plant fiber integration on the durability of geopolymer concrete, discussing improvements in freeze-thaw resistance, permeability, and carbonation resistance. In conclusion, this review highlights the prevailing challenges in the domain and provides insights into future developments of plant fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete. An analysis was performed utilizing papers from 2000 to 2025 indexed in prominent databases including Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect to enhance the review. Integrating plant fibers into developing technologies, such as 3D printing of geo-polymer matrices, signifies a promising avenue for structural applications. It advocates that future research efforts should focus on enhancing fiber modification techniques, exploring novel fiber materials, and doing thorough assessments of long-term performance.

To sustain the vitality of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and innovate interactive experiences for Yangzhou embroidery, this study proposes a vectorized representation method for embroidery stitches and develops an audio-visual cross-modal (AVCM) interactive application. Firstly, the constitutive mechanism of Yangzhou embroidery was analyzed using stitches as fundamental units, establishing a vectorized representation that provides a structured, computable foundation for digital transformation. Secondly, a mapping between the visual features of stitches and corresponding auditory information was constructed through Kansei Engineering-based subjective evaluation. This mapping underpins the design of the novel AVCM interactive application. Finally, the designed and developed AVCM interactive application for Yangzhou embroidery underwent comprehensive evaluation of user interaction experience, including a controlled cognitive effects evaluation experiment. The results demonstrate significant enhancements in user engagement and cognitive understanding of embroidery techniques. This work establishes a replicable, scalable paradigm encompassing core digitization, cross-modal interaction, and empirical evaluation for technological analysis, safeguarding, and innovative dissemination of ICH.

Based on our self-developed visualized experimental device, we investigated the erosion failure characteristics and mechanisms of eolian sand slopes in desert hinterlands under simulated rainfall conditions. The impact of various rainfall intensities, slope angles, and soil cover reinforcement measures on slope stability are assessed. The effectiveness of different soil cover particle sizes in mitigating erosion is also evaluated. Results indicate that rainwater infiltration significantly reduces the slope soil's matric suction and shear strength, leading to instability and failure. Soil covers with larger particle sizes greatly reduce sediment yield and enhance slope stability under high-intensity rainfall conditions and, in specific cases, can even thoroughly prevent the formation of aeolian sand. This research provides crucial theoretical support for designing effective slope protection measures and contributes to the broader understanding of erosion dynamics in desert environments.

To provide a more friendly and interesting rehabilitation experience for wrist rehabilitation, this paper presents an emotional interaction method based on secondary fuzzy reasoning and integrates gamification experience to build emotional interaction hardware equipment for wrist rehabilitation. First, fuzzy inference rule base one is established with multidimensional physiological signals as the input and arousal valence as the output. A multidimensional physiological signal-arousal valence (MPS-AV) protocol is created to calculate the value of arousal valence. Second, fuzzy inference rule base two is established with the arousal valence as the input and the emotional label as the output. An arousal valence–emotion (AV-emotion) protocol is created, and the emotional state of the subjects is further visualized and analyzed. Finally, by encoding the subject’s behavior, the degree of transformation of the subject’s interactive behavior and the success rate of task completion can be calculated to verify the effectiveness of the interaction hardware and emotional interaction method. This provides methods and experience for the design and development of wrist rehabilitation and related digital medical products.

A case study delving into the damage of tunnel structures subject to bottom voids is presented in this paper. The study is carried out through the comparison between the field and numerical investigations, confirming that the damage behavior in the tunnel structure can be numerically analyzed by considering the field-investigated continuous bottom void in the numerical simulation. Moreover, the numerical model without a bottom void is also simulated to clarify the damage in the bottom structure influenced by the field-investigated continuous bottom void. The numerical analysis demonstrates that the existence of a bottom void has significantly changed the deformation characteristics of the tunnel structure, in which the damages in the tunnel structure are probably caused by the investigated continuous bottom void in the field. This study can provide guidance for repairing damaged tunnel structures subject to bottom voids.

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an emerging technology proposed for soil improvement in recent years. It has environmental protection and sustainability advantages. Reinforcing fiber can effectively improve the flexibility of MICP-treated sandy material. The MICP synergistic fiber solidified sand research results have attracted significant attention recently.This paper introduces the reaction mechanism and curing method of MICP, including injecting soaking, spraying, pre-mixing, single-phase, and step-by-step injection methods. It summarizes the effect of various fibers, including jute fiber, animal fiber, polypropylene fiber, carbon fiber, polyester fiber, and polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA), on the synergistic curing of sand. This research project summarized the following results: 1) The two-step injection method improves the uniformity of calcium carbonate distribution in the sample. 2) Adding fiber provided more adsorption sites for bacteria and increased nucleation sites; 3)The fibrous network structure of the sample, combined with the 'bridge' effect, is efficient in preventing cracks from expanding in soil samples.; 4) The friction and cohesion between the fiber itself and the sand column improve the overall stability of the sand sample; 5) The coupling of fiber, sand, and generated calcium carbonate improves the flexibility and tensile strength (TS) of specimens; 6) For the two factors of fiber content and fiber length, the effect of fiber content on unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is greater than fiber length. Fiber type is influenced more than fiber length. Meanwhile, the development prospect of MICP synergistic fiber was pointed out, including 1) the influence of fiber pretreatment and modification on curing effect; 2) the fiber and sand mixed, uniform distribution method; 3) The method of mixing the fibers improves the properties of the cured specimens.

Recent research has focused on reinforcing sand consolidated through microbial -induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) with alkali -treated fibers to enhance its mechanical properties and mitigate brittleness. This research investigated how modified fiber affected the microstructure and properties of MICP solid sand. The fiber content (0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5%), pretreatment concentration (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20%), pretreatment time (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h), and pretreatment temperature (25, 35, 45, and 55 degrees C) required for the experiment were determined by MICP testing. The interactions between fiber, sand, and calcium carbonate(CaCO3) were analyzed by calcium carbonate content(CaCO3(%)), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The specimen without added fiber had a UCS of 2.13 MPa, the UCS of the added fiber sample was 2.8 MPa, which was 31.46% more than that of the specimen without added fiber, and the UCS of the specimen with added alkali -treated fiber was 3.62 MPa, which was 70% more than that of the specimen without added fiber and 28.57% more than that of the added untreated fiber. The optimum content of jute fibers was 0.5%, and the optimum concentration of alkali treatment of jute fibers was 10% for one hour.

The horizontal displacement and bending moment of piles due to adjacent shield tunnelling with a large longitudinal slope were investigated. An analytical calculation method for the horizontal response of shield tunnelling to piles was presented, considering the included angle, the tunnel-soil-pile interaction, and the shielding effect of the pile group. A new formula for soil horizontal deformation was derived by combining the cutterhead thrust force, the frictional force between the shield and soil, the grouting pressure and the soil loss, and the pile response was calculated as it was subjected to the generated ground displacement. The reliability of the analytical method was verified by the existing analytical solution, field monitoring data, and numerical simulation results. A parametric analysis of the longitudinal slope angle, shield tunnelling parameters, and soil modulus was conducted to assess their influences on tunnelling-induced pile deflection and bending moment. Finding that the increase in the longitudinal horizontal response of the pile is more prominent before the shield arrives at its side and the instant peak values of the horizontal response of the pile increase with increasing longitudinal slope angle. As the shield arrives at the pile side, the increase in the longitudinal horizontal response of the pile reaches the maximum value, and the influence of changes in the longitudinal slope angle on the horizontal response of the pile is not significant. The transverse horizontal response of the pile changes more after the shield passes through it and shows an increasing trend, the peak value of the transverse horizontal response of the pile is nearly 1 time that of the shield arriving at its side with passing through it of 20 rings. The changing trend of the horizontal response of the pile with increasing longitudinal slope angle after the shield passes the pile is opposite to that before arriving at its side. The cutterhead thrust force and the shield shell friction force are suggested to be positively correlated with the grouting pressure to reduce pile deformation. The horizontal response of piles caused by the shield tunnelling load decreases with increasing longitudinal slope angle after the shield passes through. The horizontal response of the pile is more significantly affected by the change in the longitudinal slope angle of shield tunnelling in the stratum with a smaller soil elastic modulus.

Strain-hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) has the obvious advantages of excellent material properties such as its high tensile and compressive strengths, high tensile strain capacity, and excellent durability against multi-cracking performance with very fine crack widths. In particular, the multi-cracking performance of SHCC during structural utilization is obviously reduced compared to that of SHCC in uniaxial tension tests using dumbbell-shaped specimens of small size. The corresponding tensile strain capacity of SHCC during structural utilization is, thus, significantly decreased compared to that of SHCC in uniaxial tension tests. However, the reduction in the ductility of SHCC during structural utilization has not been sufficiently understood, and further study is required. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the ductility variation of flexural-failed and shear-failed SHCC members as well as the ductility improvement of SHCC members with steel reinforcement compared with that of SHCC in uniaxial tension tests using small-sized specimens. This study focuses on not only the decrease in the crack elongation performance of the SHCC material during structural utilization but also the increase in the crack elongation performance of SHCC members with steel reinforcement. The results demonstrate that the crack elongation performance of flexural-failed and shear-failed SHCC members is significantly reduced compared to that of SHCC in the uniaxial tension tests. Moreover, it was confirmed that steel reinforcement can effectively improve the SHCC member, increasing the strain-hardening capacity and multi-cracking performance. The load-carrying capacity of the flexural-failed SHCC member with steel reinforcement seemed to increase linearly with an increase in the reinforcement ratio, accompanied by an increase in the distribution of multiple fine cracks in the flexural-failed SHCC member with steel reinforcement.

This study focused on the application of Kansei engineering (KE) in the field of vehicle design. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of relevant studies in the literature were conducted using knowledge graphs and bibliometric analysis tools to aid researchers and other relevant readers better understand the application of KE in the field of vehicle design. In this study, 562 research papers from the Web of Science core collection were selected, and several visual knowledge maps were generated using CiteSpace and VOSviewer for clustering and other statistical analyses. Based on these maps, this study systematically summarized the development and evolution of KE applications in the fields of vehicle design, research trends, research hotspots, key research groups, and their interrelationships, which provide important reference values for future work. Finally, three scientific issues surrounding KE were proposed: design feature deconstruction of the product, quantitative characterization of Kansei, and construction of the Kansei decision system. The core technology of the KE was discussed, the methods and challenges of KE in scientific research and practical applications were clarified, and a theoretical basis and technical support for future design and development was formulated. Thus, this study provides a systematic reference and guidance for future research and applications of KE in the field of vehicle design.

Strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) are an attractive construction material with obvious advantages of large strain capacity and high strength, as well as excellent workability and easy processing using conventional equipment. Moreover, SHCC can be designed with varied mix proportions in order to satisfy various requirements and expectations to overcome the shortages of existing construction materials. However, the behavior of SHCC in the structural application is varied from that of SHCC material, which is reviewed and presented in this paper, focusing on the flexural and shear behavior of the SHCC member and the SHCC layer used for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC). The reviewed results demonstrate that both the zero-span tensile behavior of the stress concentration and the uniaxial tensile behavior of the bending effect can influence the crack propagation patterns of multiple fine cracks in the SHCC strengthening layer, in which the crack distribution within the SHCC layer is limited near the existing crack in the RC substrate member in the zero-span tensile behavior. Moreover, the crack propagation patterns of the SHCC strengthening layer are changed with varied layer thicknesses, and the SHCC strengthening layer, even with a small thickness, can significantly increase the shear load carrying capacity of the shear strengthened RC member. This work provides the foundations for promoting SHCC material in the structural application of repairing or retrofitting concrete structures.

Single-layer tunnel lining using shotcrete has the significant advantages of reducing the tunnel excavation volume and saving construction materials, which has been gradually applied in tunnel construction. The high-performance concretes are generally adopted in single-layer tunnel lining for enhancing the bearing capacity of the tunnel lining, whereas the single-layer tunnel lining may still induce damages due to the adverse conditions such as shallow buried depth of the tunnel, and further study related to its application condition is thus required. This paper presents a study of the single-layer tunnel lining with shotcrete employed for supporting the large-span tunnel, in which the reinforcement ribs are also adopted in the single-layer lining for improving the lining stiffness and strength. The study is implemented using numerical simulation, focusing on the safety and performance variation of the single-layer tunnel lining influenced from the varied lining thicknesses and shallow buried depths of the tunnel. The results shows that the single-layer tunnel lining has the obvious advantage of toughness in significantly absorbing large deformation of surrounding rocks and improving the ability to resist lining cracking. The results also demonstrate that the single-layer tunnel lining with shotcrete and reinforcement ribs can safely support the large-span tunnel, in which the stability and safety of the large-span tunnel are confirmed from both the tunnel deformation and lining stresses. Moreover, the factors related to both the lining thickness and shallow buried depth of the tunnel have great influence on the single-layer tunnel lining with shotcrete and reinforcement ribs, in which the insufficient lining thickness and excessive shallow buried depth of the tunnel can induce the damages of the single-layer tunnel lining due to shotcrete stresses exceeding its strength. This study provides some references of employing the single-layer tunnel lining with shotcrete and reinforcement ribs for supporting large-span tunnel.

Bidirectional reinforced embankment (BRE) technology, pile supporting in vertical and geosynthetic reinforcement in horizontal, has been widely adopted in engineering practice to control total and/or differential settlement. In design, the load distribution of BRE is essential for determining pile size (i.e., diameter and length), pile spacing, pile cap details (if any), and properties of geosynthetic reinforcement, et al. Several methods have been proposed in previous studies to investigate the load bearing mechanism in the BRE platform. However, resistance of foundation soil is typically neglected, which implies that the load on piles would be overestimated if the resistance of foundation soil is neglected or over weakened. The reason for this overestimation is that larger geosynthetic deflection would be expected without the reaction of foundation soil, which would cause a more significant soil arching and thus more load would be transferred to piles. To minimize this overestimation, a method for analyzing load transfer mechanism in the BRE was proposed, considering the subsoil resistance as well as the existence of neutral plane (i.e., zero skin friction). An equal settlement was assumed for soils at the embankment bottom and the foundation top. The iteration process was adopted to solve equations to determine the load shared by piles and soils. In derivation, the soil arch height in the embankment was calculated instead of being assumed in existing methods. A flow chart was developed to solve equations of the proposed method and two case histories from literatures were used to compose the rationality verification. Compared with the field measurement and numerical calculation, this study can be more effective in calculating loads shared by piles and soils in the BRE for the working condition with better pile end bearing stratum.

Aiming at the problems of time-consuming, labor-intensive and low efficiency in traditional product design optimization, a data-driven product optimization design method is proposed. The online reviews are crawled based on Scrapy. According to the characteristics of the text data, the K-means algorithm is used to analyze user needs, and the optimization target is achieved on the basis of the clustering results. The feature coding is performed on the optimization target, and the product feature optimization iteration is implemented based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) to obtain the final result. Taking a certain brand of rice cooker as an example, the optimum proposal is compared with the initial samples by the evaluation index of customer satisfaction to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

针对民航服务流程冗杂、体验不佳的问题,围绕值机体验,提出一种多模态人机数据驱动的服务设计方法.基于实地调研对民航体验的全流程进行了初探,对值机体验的起止节点进行了界定,对相关服务触点进行了梳理.依据服务触点设计脚本任务,组织实施人机交互实验,提出基于多模态人机数据的服务设计层次分析框架及评判体系.在脚本任务层,构建"眼动—心率变异性—行为"数据的综合评估模型,以快速判断设计的合理性.在触点层,进一步整合分析相关人机数据,挖掘用户需求,识别待改进的服务触点,进行精细化设计.以南京禄口机场为对象进行了实例研究,结果表明该方法可有效应用于民航值机体验服务的设计优化.

This paper presents a case study of investigating the cause of ground sliding during tunneling in the mountain with sloping and stratified stratum, which is implemented by field investigation and numerical analysis. Especially, the strength reduction finite element method is adopted to numerically investigate the influence of surrounding rocks stability from heavy rainfall permeating into ground. Both the field and numerical investigations demonstrate that the ground sliding during tunneling in the sloping and stratified stratum is induced by heavy rainfall permeating into the mountain ground with sloping and stratified stratum, in which heavy rainfall is observed before ground sliding and the instability of mountain slope is reduced with the gradually decreased rainfall. Moreover, the numerical analysis demonstrates that the plastic zones of surrounding rocks in the case of tunneling work implemented later than heavy rainfall are less developed than those in the case of tunneling work implemented earlier than heavy rainfall, which also implies the heavy rainfall permeating into the mountain ground has significant influence on the ground sliding during tunneling in the sloping and stratified stratum.