Carbonate reservoirs commonly exhibit complex pore structures and strong heterogeneity, which complicates accurate characterization of pore architecture and in-situ fluid-flow behavior. In this study, a real three-dimensional digital core model was constructed based on computed tomography (CT) scanning and image processing, and a poromechanics-based coupled hydro–mechanical–damage governing framework was established. Numerical simulations were then performed to systematically evaluate the effects of reservoir space types (porous-type and fracture-type), confining pressure, injection pressure, and different stress conditions on deformation, damage evolution, and seepage behavior at the mesoscale. The results show that, under the same stress conditions, the fracture-type model exhibits higher volumetric strain and damage than the porous-type model. Permeability decreases with confining pressure following a negative exponential relationship; as confining pressure increases, the permeability difference between the porous-type and fracture-type models diminishes. Fluid velocity is positively correlated with injection pressure, and through-going fractures provide favorable flow pathways, resulting in both higher average permeability and a greater permeability increment in the fracture-type model than in porous-type counterparts. Under low confining pressure (≤ 50 MPa), permeability first decreases and then increases with increasing axial stress, whereas axial stress variations have a negligible effect on permeability under high confining pressure conditions (> 50 MPa). Overall, the fracture-type model shows significantly greater sensitivity to axial-stress changes than the porous-type model. These findings provide a digital-core-based quantitative framework for assessing stress-sensitive flow properties in heterogeneous carbonate rocks, with implications for reservoir characterization and monitoring of fluid-injection processes.

Characterizing microscopic pore structures and analyzing oil-water two-phase flow behavior are critical for optimizing development strategies in carbonate reservoirs. This study constructed the digital core model using computed tomography (CT) scanning and three-dimensional (3D) digital reconstruction technology, achieving precise characterization of pore structure features. Three connectivity models were established: pore-type (S1), fracture-pore-type (S2), and fracture-type (S3), with further investigation into the effects of wetting angle (theta), capillary number (lgCa), and viscosity ratio (M) on oil-water flow simulation. Results indicated that the 3D pore structure model exhibited a surface porosity range of 4.48% to 11.21% and a fractal dimension of 2.21, reflected irregular pore geometry and high spatial complexity. The stress distribution demonstrated significant stress concentration phenomenon, where stress values at pore corners and terminations were approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those in the rock matrix. Flow velocity increased sharply at pore throat constrictions, with the most prominent velocities observed in preferential flow channels. Fractures in S2 and S3 acted as high-permeability preferential pathways, both exhibiting superior connectivity compared to S1. The oil recovery efficiency for S1-S3 showed an inverse correlation with theta and M but a positive correlation with lgCa. Residual oil of S1 primarily existed as porous and corner-shaped forms, while S2 and S3 predominantly exhibited blind-end types. Pore structure was identified as the main factor causing differences in oil recovery efficiency. The contributions of the three factors to recovery efficiency, ranked from highest to lowest, followed the order: M > theta > lgCa.

During the Early Permian, both the South Tianshan Orogenic Belt (STOB) and the Tarim Craton experienced intense tectono-magmatic activity, yet their geodynamic relationship remains debated. The Xiaotikanlike Formation, located along the southern margin of the STOB adjacent to the Tarim Craton, provides critical evidence for addressing this issue. Here, we investigate Early Permian rhyolites from the Heiyingshan and Laohutai areas of the Xiaotikanlike Formation, presenting new zircon U–Pb ages, zircon Lu–Hf isotopes, whole-rock elemental compositions, and Sr–Nd isotopic data. Combined with previous studies, our results reveal significant spatiotemporal variations in the Xiaotikanlike volcanic rocks. The Heiyingshan area hosts S-type rhyolites formed at ca. 300–294 Ma, whereas the Laohutai area contains A-type rhyolites formed at ca. 293–285 Ma. The Heiyingshan rhyolites display enriched isotopic signatures, indicating derivation primarily from partial melting of mature continental crust. In contrast, the Laohutai rhyolites exhibit less negative isotopic values, suggesting a hybrid origin involving crustal anatexis with substantial mantle-derived magma input. Integrating these results with regional data from coeval magmatic rocks in the STOB and Tarim Craton, we propose that the Xiaotikanlike volcanic rocks formed in a post-orogenic setting. The western STOB was strongly affected by the Tarim Large Igneous Province (TLIP), resulting in significant crustal thinning, whereas the eastern segment showed limited TLIP influence. This spatial contrast highlights heterogeneous TLIP effects and reveals Early Permian geodynamic coupling between post-orogenic processes in the South Tianshan and mantle-driven magmatism in the Tarim Craton.

The southwestern margin of the transition zone between the Southwestern Tarim Depression and West Kunlun Mountains, known as the West Kunlun Piedmont Thrust Belt, exhibits intense compressional deformation. As a critical oil and gas exploration area in the Southwestern Tarim Depression, the internal architecture and structural styles of this piedmont thrust belt have long been key geological challenges hindering exploration progress. This study establishes a structural interpretation model for the Kekeya segment of this belt on the basis of integrated analysis of surface geological outcrop observations, seismic data, and continuous electromagnetic profile (CEMP) data, and analyzes its structural evolution process and petroleum geological significance. It is proposed that the Kekeya segment can be interpreted as a piedmont thrust wedge structure bounded by a basin–mountain boundary fault (rear-edge fault) and a low-angle detachment fault in the middle-upper crust (basal fault). The internal thrust wedge is composed of 4–5 major reverse faults and the wedge-shaped fault blocks they divide, superimposed in varying configurations, with additional faults of different scales and characteristics developed within. Most major faults exhibit multiphase activity of different natures, and the superposition of multiple structural deformations results in complex structural styles and layered, zonal, and segmented variations within the thrust wedge. From the Tiekelik Uplift in the northern edge of the West Kunlun Mountains to the axial part of the Southwestern Tarim Depression, the thrust belt sequentially manifests as a basin-margin thrust uplift zone, basement-involved thrust zone, and cover detachment thrust-fold zone, reflecting a gradual weakening of compressional deformation intensity and shallowing of deformation-involved strata. This study further suggests that the thrust wedge underwent multiple “opening–closing” structural evolution cycles from the Nanhua period–Early Paleozoic (Caledonian), late Paleozoic–Triassic (Hercynian–Indosinian), and Jurassic onward (Yanshanian–Himalayan), with the superposition of multiphase deformation leading to complex internal structural styles. Notably, major faults within the basement-involved thrust zone often exhibit multiphase kinematic characteristics, serving as boundary faults for both Carboniferous–Permian rifted basins and later thrust anticlines and fault blocks. These fault zones are favorable for the formation of self-sourced Carboniferous–Permian hydrocarbon reservoirs, representing a significant target for current oil and gas exploration.

The Tarim Basin holds significant geological interest due to its complex basin-range coupling relationship and promising prospects for hydrocarbon exploration. The basal Cambrian in this basin records all tectonic movements of surrounding plates and influences the distribution of source rocks, reservoirs and caprocks. Its morphological evolution not only reflects changes of the uplift-depression framework but also indicates the migration pathways of hydrocarbons. Based on seismic profile interpretations, the structural morphologies of the basal Cambrian and active faults in various geological periods are obtained and related to regional plate tectonics. Furthermore, favorable targets for ultra-deep hydrocarbon exploration are predicted by identifying structural hinge zones. The results show that, (1) the initial amalgamation of the Tarim Plate with South Kunlun Terrane in the southwest at the end of the Middle Ordovician led to uplift of the Southwestern Depression, Bachu uplift, and Tazhong uplift, with the formation of NW-SE-trending boundary faults, (2) the amalgamations of the Tarim Plate with South Kunlun Terrane in the southwest, and Altun-Qilian Terrane in the southeast, as well as the bidirectional subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean in the north at the end of the Ordovician led to uplift of the Southwestern Depression, Bachu uplift, Tazhong uplift, southeastern basin, and Tabei Uplift, with the development of the Bachu-Tazhong fault system trended NW-SE, Madong back-thrust fault system trended NE-SW, and Tabei fault system trended E-W, (3) the amalgamation of the Qaidam Block and Tarim Plate in the southeast and the continued subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean in the north at the end of the Silurian led to uplift in the Madong structural belt, Gucheng low uplift, Tadong low uplift, Shuntuoguole low uplift, and Tabei Uplift, with a large-scale reactivation of the Madong back-thrust fault system and small-scale activities of the Bachu-Tazhong and Tabei fault systems, (4) the closure of both the North and South Tianshan Oceans in the Carboniferous and the intense uplift of the Tianshan orogenic belt in the Permian in the north, as well as the amalgamation of the Tarim Plate with Tianshuihai Terrane in the southwest, led to the development of the Tabei Uplift, Shuntuoguole low uplift, Awati sag, northwestern Bachu uplift, Tazhong uplift, and Southwestern Depression, with the strong activities of the Tabei and Bachu-Tazhong fault systems, and weaker activity of the Madong back-thrust fault system, (5) the amalgamations of the Tarim Plate with North Qiangtang Block, South Qiangtang Block, and Lhasa Block during the Mesozoic in the southwest led to uplift of the Southwestern Depression, Bachu uplift, Tazhong uplift, and Tadong low uplift, with the strong activity of the Bachu-Tazhong fault system, (6) the remote effect resulting from the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates in the Cenozoic led to significant uplift of the Bachu uplift and varying degrees of subsidence in other basin areas, with intense fault activities in the southwestern, northwestern, and northern regions. Based on the distribution of Middle-Lower Cambrian source rock, reservoir, and caprock, the favorable targets for ultra-deep subsalt exploration include the central-eastern Tazhong uplift, central Lunnan low uplift, central Shuntuoguole low uplift, southwestern Markit slope, northwestern Yecheng sag, and northwestern Bachu uplift.

The Tarim Craton (NW China) is a significant archive of the tectonic events that occurred during the assembly and break-up of the Precambrian supercontinents Columbia and Rodinia. It provides a comprehensive record of crustal development during the Proterozoic. We review and synthesize the magmatic, metamorphic and stratigraphic records of the Precambrian Tarim Craton and delineate the geochronology of significant geological events that led to the formation of this major cratonic block. The extant geophysical and geological data show that the Tarim Craton consists mainly of the South and North Tarim blocks. The record of late Paleoproterozoic tectonothermal events is displayed well in and across the craton, involving the amalgamation of these two blocks to form its unified crystalline basement during the build-up of Columbia. However, the record of mid-Neoproterozoic events during the assembly of Rodinia is only exposed around its periphery. The Proterozoic record of the craton includes Mesoproterozoic-early Neoproterozoic low-grade metamorphic rock units and a late Neoproterozoic sedimentary cover. The early Mesoproterozoic stratigraphy in the SW, NE and SE of the Tarim Basin suggests a period of tectonic stability following the amalgamation of the North and South Tarim blocks in the late Paleoproterozoic, indicating the completion of its cratonic build-up.

Tarim Basin has undergone an intricate tectonic evolution history ever since its formation from two discrete terranes in Neoproterozoic rather than in the Paleoproterozoic. More precisely, the amalgamation is assumed to happen during 1.0-0.8 Ga based on plate affinity. As the beginning of a unified Tarim block, studies of Tarim Basin in the Precambrian are basic and important. After the amalgamation of south and north paleo-Tarim terranes, Tarim block was experiencing a complicated tectonic process of being affected by mantle plume related to the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent in the south, and compressed by the Circum-Rodinia Subduction System in the north. The breakup of Rodinia supercontinent finished in the late Sinian Period, leading Kudi Ocean and Altyn Ocean to open and separating Tarim block from itself. According to the residual strata thickness, drilling data, and lithofacies distribution, the proto-type basin and tectono-paleogeographic maps of Tarim Basin in the late Nanhua Period and Sinian Period are reconstructed. With these maps, the characteristics of the rifts are revealed. Two rift systems were developed inside the unified Tarim Basin in the Nanhua Period and Sinian Period, one back-arc rift system in the northern margin and the other aulacogen system in the southern margin. The azimuth distribution of the rifts in Quruqtagh showed a predominant NE-SW trend, and the rifts in Aksu trended mainly NW-SE, while the rifts in Tiekelike trended SW-NE. With a three-dimensional elastic FEM (Finite Element Method) model that includes all rifts and deposited areas in Tarim Basin, applying the southern subduction and northern mantle upwelling properly to get the paleotectonic mian stress axes and the differential stress field, the dynamic mechanisms of rifts evolution are proved to be related to the peripheral tectonic environment mentioned above.

The plate configuration is the basic geological question in the tectonics, which considers the large scale basin-orogen relationship, and controls the configuration of oceans and continents, origin and evolution of basin-range provinces, and has also been applied to uncover the close of ocean and uplift of mountains. The end of Early Paleozoic is the key transition period of Chinese three plates. Based on the global high coefficient paleomagnetic data and tectonic comparison in geological affiliation, the global configuration in the Late Precambrian to Early Paleozoic is reconstructed by GPlate software, the Ordovician-Silurian is the key transition period of Chinese three plates. Before 440 Ma, the configuration of Chinese three plates is N-S/T style（North China lies in the west, South China lies in the northeast, Tarim lies in the southeast）. After 440 Ma, the configuration is transformed into a T-N/S style（Tarim lies in the west, North China lies in the northeast, South China lies in the southeast） that maintains. The key transition is related to the breakup of the Late Precambrian Rodinian supercontinent and the change of ocean-continent configuration of Chinese three plates in the Early Paleozoic, the transition is from extension to compression in tectonic setting.

The Tarim basin is a large composite and superimposed sedimentary basin that has undergone complex multi-period and polycyclic tectonic movements. Understanding the proto-type basin and tectono-paleogeographic evolution of this complex superimposed basin is important for understanding the basin-mountain coupling and dynamical mechanisms of the Paleo-Asian and Tethys tectonic systems as well as hydrocarbon exploration and development. Based on previous works, together with the recent exploration, and geological evidences, three global plate tectonic pattern maps, four Tarim proto-type basin maps (in present-day geographic coordinates) and four regional tectono-paleogeography maps (in paleogeographic coordinates) during the Late Paleozoic are provided in this paper. Based on these maps, the proto-type basin and tectono-paleogeographic features of the Tarim basin during the Late Paleozoic are illustrated. The Devonian to Permian is an important period of terranes/island-arcs accretion and oceanic closure along the periphery of the Tarim block, and a critical period when the polarity of Tarim basin (orientation of basin long-axis) rotated at the maximum angle clockwise. During the Late Paleozoic, the periphery of the Tarim block was first collisional orogeny on its northern margin, followed by continuous collisional accretion of island arcs on its southern margin: on the Northern margin, the North and South Tianshan Oceans closed from East to West; on the South-Western margin, the Tianshuihai Island Arc gradually collided and accreted. These tectonic events reduced the extent of the seawater channel of the passive continental margin in the Western part of the basin until its complete closure at the end of the Permian. The Tarim basin was thus completely transformed into an inland basin. This is a process of regression and uplift. The Southwest of the Tarim basin changed from a passive to an active continental margin, through back-arc downwarping and eventually complete closure to foreland setting. The intra-basin lithofacies range from shelf-littoral to platform-tidal flat to alluvial plain-lacustrine facies. The tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the Tarim basin is strongly controlled by peripheral geotectonic setting.

Taking the Triassic in the Yingmaili area of Tarim Basin as an example, it combined with the traditional qualitative identification of high–resolution sequence and quantitative analysis method of wavelet transform. The sequence division of Triassic in Yingmaili area of Tarim Basin was done by using the data of logging,drilling and core, and the Fischer plots was drawn based on the calculation of super short–term sequence cycles.It turns out the law that the relative lacustrine level changes were integrally from a long–time lacustrine regression to a long time lacustrine transgressive and rose the largest during the SQ4. The complete lacustrine transgressive and lacustrine regression of Triassic was corresponded well to the long–term sequence cycles. Compared with integrated analysis, we find the lacustrine level changes is closely related with vertical evolution of sedimentary facies. This study clarifies the law of lake level changes of Triassic in Yingmaili area and its evolution relationship with sedimentary facies belt, which provides a basic basis for subsequent geological research.

The Tarim Basin is the largest sedimentary basin in China, and it has experienced a complex tectonic evolutionary history. Reconstruction of the proto-type basin and tectono-paleogeography is helpful to understand the different stages of evolution of the sedimentary basin and basin-mountain relationship. It is significant to combine the basin with the regional tectonic background to discuss the process of basin-mountain coupling and the tectonic evolution of the peripheral orogenic belts. With a reliable residual thickness map and lithofacies map of the Tarim Basin in the Cenozoic, based on the amount of shortening we quantified from previous works and 81 balanced cross-sections, we restored the original range and compiled the proto-type basin map of Tarim Basin. From a compilation of previous studies on the lithofacies of peripheral blocks, the tectono-paleogeography of the Tarim Basin in Cenozoic has been reconstructed. The Indian Plate collided with the Eurasian continent at ∼45–40 Ma. The remote effect of the collision led to the resurrection and reactivation of the Kunlun and Tianshan Mountains. The Southwest Tarim and Kuqa rejuvenated foreland basins separately developed along the north front of the Kunlun Mountains and the south front of the Tianshan Mountains. The tectonic evolution process of the Tarim Basin in the Cenozoic was divided into two stages: 1) in the Paleogene, the Neo-Tethys Ocean retreated stepwise westward from the Southwest of the Tarim Basin, and the sedimentary lithofacies of the Southwest Tarim Depression were bay lagoon facies and lake facies; 2) the Neo-Tethys Ocean retreat finally occurred in the Tarim Basin during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, and it became an almost closed terrestrial basin, with the deposition of fluvial facies and lacustrine facies. The Cenozoic tectono-paleogeography of the Tarim Basin is closely related to the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and the reactivation of the Kunlun and Tianshan Mountains.

The time and mode of the Tarim assembly and the link between the Tarim block and the supercontinent Columbia are key issues in the formation and evolution of the Tarim block as well as the reconstruction of the Precambrian supercontinent. They are of great theoretical and application value to the basement properties and oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin. The contrast between the northern Tarim and southern Tarim and the time of integration of the two counterparts are discussed based on statistical analysis of the dating results. Based on the geological relationship among the Tarim block, the Yangtze block and the other blocks in the world, the link between the Tarim block and supercontinent Columbia is analyzed based on the comparison of tectonics, paleomagnetic data, orogenic belts and subduction zones.The Tarim block could be united by the collision while the North Tarim subducting beneath the South Tarim at 1.9–2.0 Ga.During the early Precambrian（1.9 to 0.9 Ga）, the Tarim block, the Yangtze block and the Indian block had strong geological affinity. They were located in the western margin of the Columbia supercontinent, and there were subduction zones around the blocks, which were comparable with the subduction zone on the southeast margin of the North American block. The North China block, which is closely related to the Siberian block and the Baltic block, was located near the ancient equator and at the eastern edge of the Columbia supercontinent. The affiliation of thermo-tectonic events show that the Tarim, the Yangtze and the North China are small cratons around the margin of the supercontinent Columbia, all of which participated in the amalgmation of the supercontinent.

Kuqa Depression has developed two sets of Palaeogene and Neogene paste salt rocks, with trillion cubic meters of natural gas reserves in pre-salt Mesozoic, which is an important natural gas production area in China. The structural oil and gas reservoir of Lower Mesozoic in Kuqa Depression is the focus of oil and gas exploration. The analysis of salt structure style, salt structure deformation mechanism, salt structure balance recovery and deformation period analysis are the difficulties of salt structure research in Kuqa Depression. In this paper, using high-precision three-dimensional seismic splicing profile, drilling and regional geological data, two typical sections of the western and eastern sections of the Kuqa Depression are selected. The structural balance recovery is carried out by 3DMove software, and the structural deformation of the upper salt layer, the lower salt layer and the salt layer are restored respectively. The seismic profile before structural deformation is restored. In view of the specific problems in the recovery process, the salt structure recovery method, salt structure deformation characteristics, salt structure evolution, and salt structure deformation mechanism are discussed. The results show that the recovery of the salt layer needs to meet two basic assumptions: One is to ignore the amount of internal rock shortening caused by extrusion; the other is that the thickness of salt layer in the weakly deformed or undeformed area is approximately constant. Kuqa Depression developed two salt structures: Oligocene-Miocene（tectonic stable period） on the salt layer formation gravity difference induced early salt structure, developed salt dioper, salt mound structure. Oligocene to Miocene（tectonic stable period） overlying strata gravity difference induced the early salt structure, salt diapir, salt dome and other structures, Pliocene to Holocene（tectonic active period） destroyed and reformed the early salt structure, the development of extrusion salt structure. Extrusion action and plastic flow of salt layer are the main reasons for the formation of salt structure. The salt slip and unthrust fault develops in the upper salt layer, and the plastic deformation of the salt layer forms the salt anticline, salt mat and salt wall to develop in the lower salt layer, and the large structural wedge develops near the orogenic belt. Deposition differential load is the main factor inducing the formation of the early salt structure. The early salt structure such as salt mound and salt diopia mainly develops at the front end of the alluvial fan. The boundary of Mesozoic and base ancient uplift. The thickness and distribution range of the paste salt layer control the quantity and scale of the thrust cover structure development under the salt, and the west of Kuqa Depression is still the focus of oil and gas exploration. The overlying sedimentary zone from the Mesozoic boundary is conducive to the development and preservation of the formation of lithological oil and gas deposits, and it is an important field of oil and gas exploration.

Tarim Basin is a large, superimposed basin rich in petroleum resources, which has experienced many stages of complex tectonic-sedimentary evolution. As the basic geological study of the Tarim Basin, the proto-type basin and tectono-paleogeographic evolution are of great significance for understanding the distribution of petroleum reservoirs in the superimposed basin and provide tectonic background and theoretical guidance for petroleum exploration. According to the residual thickness map, as well as other lithofacies and seismic data, the scopes of the proto-type basin are determined by the marginal facies method and the thickness trend method, and the shortening amounts are calculated by the balanced cross-section method. Based on these data and previous works, four proto-type basin maps of Tarim Basin in present-day geographic coordinates and four tectono-paleogeographic maps of Tarim Basin in paleogeographic coordinates during the early Paleozoic are reconstructed, which directly show the changes of sedimentary and uplift-depression pattern caused by the transformation of the tectonic environment from extension to compression. In the Cambrian, the Tarim Basin was controlled by the extensional tectonic environment, with the sedimentary framework of “carbonate platform in the west, deep-water basin in the east”. At the end of the Ordovician, the Kudi Ocean and the North Altyn Ocean were closed, and the Central and South Kunlun terrane and the Altyn-Qilian terrane were collaged with the Tarim block, which directly led to the transformation of the uplift-depression pattern in the Tarim Basin from east-west differentiation to north-south differentiation, thus changing the sedimentary environment of the Tarim Basin in the late Ordovician to Silurian.

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂控制着碳酸盐岩储层的发育和油气的富集.受多期构造活动和地层岩性差异的影响,哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂的空间结构多样、断裂演化过程复杂,走滑断裂带结构差异对油气富集的控制机理仍存在争议.本文基于高精度三维地震资料、钻井资料的一体化研究,建立起哈拉哈塘地区走滑断裂的空间变形样式及分层分段模型.通过分析走滑断裂控制下的单井油气产能差异,明确了走滑断裂构造变形差异对油气富集的控制作用.结果表明:(1)该区走滑断裂在平面上具有分段特征,断裂带相互交切导致断裂空间结构复杂,形成多种组合样式,单一断裂带可划分为尾部、主位移带、叠接区以及断裂间截切部位,共发育9种平面样式,分别是尾部的羽状、马尾状、雁裂状样式,主位移带发育的线性及分支型样式,断裂叠接部位发育的辫状及软连接型样式,截切部位的交汇型和终止型样式.走滑断裂变形特征符合Riedel剪切模型,主干断裂周围发育分支断裂,断裂的发育以生长连接为主,截切部位伴随有断裂相继滑动引起的调节变形;(2)走滑断裂的纵向分层变形控制着油气的运移和成藏过程.断裂贯穿膏岩层是油气向上运移的关键.奥陶系碳酸盐岩的改造作用控制着油气的储集规模及连通性,志留系碎屑岩层内的构造活动影响着油气的充注和保存;(3)哈拉哈塘地区油气富集规律受控于断裂样式,高产井主要集中分布在断裂带尾部马尾状、羽状的主干-分支交汇部位,叠接段辫状的构造高部位以及主干断裂交汇区.预测成果得到超深井验证,吻合率较高,对超深层井位部署工作具有指导意义.

塔里木盆地中寒武统发育膏盐岩,其分布及封闭性对深层油气勘探具有重要意义.基于录井和测井资料、地震资料、测试资料,分析了塔里木盆地中寒武统膏盐岩分布特征,并根据岩石类型(如盐岩、膏岩、含膏岩)、埋藏深度和构造变形强度,对膏盐岩盖层品质进行评价.研究结果表明:塔里木盆地中寒武统膏盐岩沉积序列由盐岩、膏岩、含膏岩、白云岩、石灰岩和泥岩组成,主要分布在塔里木盆地中部地区,盐岩分布范围小,位于中心部位,膏岩分布范围稍大,含膏岩分布范围最大,具有牛眼式沉积特点;北部坳陷中西部、中央隆起中西部大部分地区、西南坳陷西部北斜坡发育好膏盐岩盖层,中央隆起中部部分地区和西南坳陷东部西北构造带北部发育中等膏盐岩盖层,塔北隆起中部和西南坳陷东部西北构造带南部发育差膏盐岩盖层.

The reconstruction of the proto-type basin and tectono-paleogeography of the Tarim Basin during the Mesozoic is crucial for hydrocarbon exploration, particularly for identifying hydrocarbon source rocks. This study reconstructs the position, thickness, and distribution of the original stratigraphy, the shortening amount by structural deformation, and the distribution of sedimentary facies in each Mesozoic period using paleomagnetic data, residual stratigraphy data, seismic profiles, and lithofacies distribution. During the Triassic period, a syn-collision thrust fault structure formed in the southern Tarim Block due to the successive collision of the Tianshuihai-Bayankara terrane, North Qiangtang terrane, and South Qiangtang terrane with the Tarim Block. The sedimentary strata mainly distributed in the Northern Depression and Kuqa Depression, and their sedimentary centers continuously moved northward. In the Early-Middle Jurassic, faulted basins representing post-collision extensional structures developed on the margins of the Tarim Block. In the Late Jurassic, the Tarim Block was compressed, and the faulted basin transformed into a depressional downwarped basin with red coarse clastic sediments due to the collision of the Amdo-Dongkacuo microcontinent with the Tarim Block. In the late Early Cretaceous, the collision between the Lhasa Block and the Tarim Block caused the entire uplift of the Tarim Block, which stopped accepting deposition except for the deposition of marine facies in the southwestern Tarim Basin influenced by a large-scale transgression event. The complex evolution of the Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys Oceans during the Mesozoic significantly influenced the sediment distribution and structural features of the Tarim Basin.

塔中隆起位于塔里木盆地中央隆起带中部,为塔里木盆地油气勘探的重点区块之一.以塔中隆起高品质三维地震资料精细解释为基础,开展塔中隆起走滑断裂的剖面和平面几何学特征、断裂的活动期次和断裂形成机制研究.地震资料显示塔中走滑断裂于石炭纪之前定型,少数走滑断裂的活动持续到了石炭纪之后,断穿基底到志留系和泥盆系,断面直立,但是在不同层位断层的几何特征存在明显差异性,主要分为3层结构:深层中、下寒武统断裂平面上呈线性展布,中、下寒武统在断裂两侧上拱;深部断裂向上继续切穿上寒武统和奥陶系,并在碳酸盐岩顶面发育许多分支断裂,剖面上表现为正花状构造,平面上组合为斜列断裂;浅层走滑断裂发育在上奥陶统-志留系和泥盆系内,剖面上常以负花状构造样式出现,平面上表现为该层特有的北西向雁列断层.这3层断裂在垂向上叠置,形成复杂的空间形态,将塔中隆起走滑断裂的演化阶段划分为3期:中寒武世塔中地区存在构造反转事件,在压扭应力作用下发育规模较小的走滑断裂;晚奥陶世走滑断裂复活,形成正花状构造;志留纪—泥盆纪走滑断裂持续活动.塔中隆起走滑断裂的形成受周缘构造环境控制,在中寒武世局部压扭应力、晚奥陶世压扭环境和志留纪—泥盆纪的压扭环境下形成演化.

Carbonate rock from the Late Proterozoic to the Early Paleozoic is an important field of oil and gas exploration. The Sinian carbonate rock series in Tarim Basin are old, deep buried, with few drilling wells and various geological problems are unclear that restrict the exploration of deep carbonate rock. Based on the analysis of Sinian geological structure, by means of stratigraphic correlation and seismic prediction, the distribution of Sinian favorable source rocks, deep reservoir facies belts, and reservoir forming assemblages are studied to comb the exploration fields and favorable zones of Sinian in Tarim Basin. The findings reveal that slope-basin facies source rocks developed in Sinian. In the upper part of the Qigebulake Formation, high-quality dolomite reservoirs evolved, and mudstone from the Yuertus Formation at the foot of Cambrian can form favorable reservoir cap assemblage. The south slope of Tabei Uplift and the north slope of Tazhong Uplift are the most favorable exploration zones for Sinian dolomite, favorable exploration area of approximately 31,000 km2. The findings can provide a certain reference for the Sinian carbonate oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.

通过塔里木盆地盆缘露头区震旦系和盆内钻井岩心震旦系的对比,辅以全盆地42条地震大剖面以及多块三维地震资料和盆内各构造区块的二维地震资料解释成果,探讨了盆内震旦系岩性特征、分布范围以及构造样式,同时结合大地构造背景恢复震旦纪早期原型盆地及构造格局.塔里木盆地震旦系主要分布在盆地北部,向中央隆起带尖灭;盆地西南缘构造活动强烈,震旦系可能遭受抬升剥蚀;发育伸展—挤压构造旋回,具有南北分区的构造特征;发育地堑型、伸展断陷型、多米诺型和反转型4种构造样式.盆地北部由大陆裂谷转变为克拉通内坳陷,形成板内坳陷,为震旦系主要的沉积中心.