女性工程技术人员是促进我国科技与经济社会发展的重要力量.为反映企业女工程技术人员发展现状、破除她们在职业发展过程中面临的困难和阻碍,本研究采用定量与定性研究相结合的方式开展调研.研究发现,女性在工程技术领域所占的比例持续提升,且发挥着越来越重要的作用.然而女性工程技术人员队伍仍需进一步发展,她们在职业发展上评价较低、专业能力发挥不足、仍面临不公平的对待.国家和组织层面对女性工程技术人员政策关注不足,男性对女性存在能力、性格和成就偏见,养育和家务劳动的社会分工,女性退休年龄的设定,社会激励不足等均是制约女工程技术人员发展的重要原因.针对以上问题和原因分析,结合女工程技术人员的呼声,本研究提出了七点改善建议.

企业是科技创新的主体,人才是提升企业创新能力的关键所在.人才集聚是人才集中流动的过程和结果,实现了人才动态配置、组合、再配置、再组合,达到一定程度会形成人才高地,产生人才集聚效应.集聚效应能够最大程度地发挥人才群体优势,使得人才个体的作用更大,人才总体作用也大于分散的个体作用之和,能极大地推动科技创新.

党的十九届四中全会以后,科技举国体制问题再次成为学界焦点,但长期以来学界对科技举国体制的认识存在分歧,因此对其理论分析研究非常必要.本文从“科技举国体制”概念由来和内涵特征入手,阐释了广义和狭义概念,并指出其具有“计划性”“举国”“政府主导”等特点,以及国家和项目两个层次的内涵特征.随后,分别探讨了“科技举国体制”在苏联、美国和日本的不同表现形式.最后,回顾了中国“科技举国体制”的历史选择,并指出仿照日本模式是当前中国构建新型科技举国体制的一种策略.

Based on the contents of science and technology knowledge written in Benji of Song Shi,such scientometrics analysis like sentence frequency can show the degrees of attentions by the emperors of Song Dynasty,which can be used as the index of the science and technology policy in that time.The study showed that the emperors paid most attentions to such disciplines like astronomy,meteorology,hydraulic engineering,agricultural technology,as well as some applied technology,while a little on the basic sciences.The paper obtained the chronological change of the attentions of different disciplines,and primarily discussed social and political background of the events.Generally speaking,science and technology was paid more attention in the beginning of North Song Period and the middle of South Song Period,while was little paid at the end of both periods.By comparing the achievement curve and policy curve of science and technology of Song Dynasty,it was found that they have the similar trends,and the achievement curve is about 75 years later than the policy curve.

借助科学计量学方法，以《宋史》本纪中记载的科学技术内容为计量对象，对其进行句频分析，显示出宋代统治层对科技的关注度，可作为当时科技政策的计量指标。研究表明，宋代帝王们对天文、大气、水利、农业等最关注，一些实用性技术也有足够的关注，而基础学科相对不受重视。文章给出了各学科受关注程度随时间变化的情况，并对其社会政治背景进行了初步的分析。总体看来，北宋初期和南宋中期的科技普遍得到重视，而两宋交替之际和南宋灭亡时期则无力顾及。比较发现，科技政策曲线和科技成果曲线具有很强的相似性，并且成果曲线滞后于政策曲线约75年。

Song Shi(History of Song Dynasty) which contains abundant scientific and technical knowledge,is an important raw material for study of history of science and technology in Song Dynasty.This paper tried to purse and select relevant content in book series and interpret each sample sentences,then put them into different academic disciplines according to Chinese librarian classifications(CLC) to get data.Through statistics and analysis,it was discovered that astronomy,mathematics,hydraulic engineering,agricultural technology,handicraft technology,meteorology,biology,and medical sciences were eight most emphasized subjects of that time.On study of bibliography in Yiwenzhi,the paper endeavored to discuss medieval Chinese definition of the four great subjects.Furthermore,the social context of subjects were discussed briefly.