Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. Associated co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension and obesity are making the situation worse. WHO enlisted obesity as an epidemic which also affects a great number of young population. Some recent studies showed the presence of an apparent paradoxical relationship between obesity and cardiovascular prognosis in certain subsets of patents. As BMI is an established marker of obesity; an attempt has been made to assess relationship between BMI and angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients of Bangladeshi origin. To assess the association between body mass index and angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome; this cross sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from December 2016 to February 2018 among purposively selected 65 patients. Relevant ethical issues were taken into consideration. Coronary angiogram was done in the same index hospitalization period. After coronary angiogram performed patients were grouped into two groups according to their BMI. Patients with BMI <25kg/m² as Group I and those ≥25kg/m² as Group II. Angiographic severity of coronary artery disease was assessed by vessel score and Syntax score. Mean age of Group I was 54.45±10.42 years, while in Group II it was 50.76±8.89 years reflecting the early presentation of higher BMI patients. Male to female ratio was 12:1. Mean BMI of Group I and Group II was 22.56±1.59 and 28.67±2.64 respectively. In Group I, 10(25.0%) had single vessel lesion, 15(37.5%) had double vessel lesion and 14(35.0%) had triple vessel lesion, while in Group II, 6(24.0%) had single vessel lesion, 12(48.0%) had double vessel lesion and 5(20.0%) had triple vessel lesion. Mean Syntax score of Group I and Group II was 13.18±8.45 and 10.42±7.14 respectively. Patients in the increasing BMI class had a higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. A negative correlation was observed between BMI and angiographic severity (Vessel score, Syntax score and HRCA e.g. LM disease) of CAD indicating that patients with higher BMI had a lower coronary artery disease (CAD) severity than their normal BMI counterparts. Patients with high BMI have a lower CAD severity than usually expected. After adjustment for co-morbidities, BMI was not found as an independent predictor of severity of coronary artery disease.

Patients with Diabetes Mellitus are at high risk of cardiovascular events because of abnormal lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia is common in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). However; in Bangladesh this issue is not yet properly addressed. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and patterns of dyslipidaemia in patients with DM in a divisional city Mymensingh. This cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected eligible patients from the indoor registry of the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh from April 2012 to March 2013. A well structured questionnaire and blood investigation for lipid profile and blood sugar were the tools of data collection from 120 randomly selected DM patients registered in the department of cardiology, MMCH. Out of 120 enrolled participants the prevalence of dyslipidemia in DM patients was 86.0%, prevalence of dyslipidemia in males was 88.0% while in females was 85.0% but the difference was not significant (p=0.42). Regarding age group, BMI and duration of DM, there is no significant association exists with dyslipidemia. About half of the studied DM patients have high serum total cholesterol level (50.83%), while 22.5% had low serum HDL-C levels and 35.0% had high serum LDC-C level, most of patients had serum triglyceride levels above normal range (67.5%) and so the common patterns of dyslipidemia in this study were serum triglyceride level followed by total cholesterol. High prevalence of dyslipidemia among diabetes mellitus in Mymensingh city were observed and so the common patterns of dyslipidemia is triglyceride followed by total cholesterol. This study emphasizes the importance of screening of lipid profile as these abnormalities may lead to development of cardiovascular diseases.

Atherosclerosis is the pathognomic sign of ischaemic heart disease. Inflammation of the coronary artery contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to predict the risk of CAD and associated events in patients with ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study was done to investigate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting in-hospital adverse cardiac events in patients with STEMI thrombolysed with streptokinase (STK). This cross sectional descriptive type of study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from August, 2017 to October, 2018. The STEMI patients, thrombolysed with STK had blood samples at admission, analyzed for complete blood counts and NLR calculated. They were grouped into two, low and high NLR, taking 4.50 as cut-off value. Chi square test was used to compare rate of adverse events and death in hospital stay. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate predictive ability of NLR for in-hospital cardiac events. A total of 87 (39.90%) patients had complications. Patients in high NLR group had higher rate of complications (48.3% vs. 22.5%, p<0.001) in hospital than those in low NLR group. Arrhythmias (21.1% vs. 9.9%, p<0.041), heart failure (27.9% vs. 14.1%, p=0.024), cardiogenic shock (16.3% vs. 4.2%, p<0.011), death (6.8% vs. 2.8%, p=0.227), re-infarction /post MI angina (4.1% vs. 0.0% p=0.084) occurred more in high NLR group. Mean NLR was significantly different between Group I and Group II (3.11±0.84 vs. 10.20±6.08, p<0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis showed NLR an independent predictor of in-hospital adverse cardiac events (p<0.0001). High on admission NLR is an independent predictor for in-hospital adverse cardiac events in patients with STEMI thrombolysed with streptokinase.

Acute myocardial infarction has many risk factors and etiologies. Different factors are responsible for adverse in-hospital outcome after acute MI. Status of plasma vitamin D level has been found to be a good predictor of future adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute MI. Plasma vitamin D level has been considered as a potential marker for identifying individuals under risk of CAD and associated events. This study was done to investigate the role of plasma vitamin D level in predicting in-hospital adverse cardiac events in patients with acute MI. This cross sectional descriptive type of study was conducted in the cardiology department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from October 2017 to March 2019. Total 257 patients of first attack of acute MI were included considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for plasma vitamin D level. Sample population were grouped at first into two, normal and low vitamin D level, taking 30ng/ml as cut-off value, low vitamin D level is further subdivided into insufficiency (21-29ng/ml), deficiency (10-20ng/ml) and severe deficiency (<10ng/ml). Adverse in-hospital cardiac outcomes were observed. In-hospital adverse outcomes occurred in 42.9% patients having normal vitamin D level (>30ng/ml), 66.2% of patients having vitamin D insufficiency (21-29ng/ml), 78.2% of patients having vitamin D deficiency (10-20ng/ml) and 94.4% patients having severe vitamin D deficiency (<10ng/ml), which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Heart failure (30.3%, 47.7%, 63.6% and 77.8%, p<0.05), cardiogenic shock (12.6%, 27.7%, 34.5% and 33.3%, p<0.05), Arrhythmias (14.3%, 21.5%, 23.6% and 22.2%, p>0.05), death (2.5%, 0%, 3.6% and 11.1%, p>0.05) occurred more in low vitamin D groups. Mean vitamin D level was significantly different between Group I and Group II (42.59±10.08 vs. 18.64±6.54, p<0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis showed vitamin D is an independent predictor of in-hospital adverse cardiac events (p=0.001). Age (p=0.001) and obesity (p=0.048) were also other predictors of in-hospital adverse cardiac events. Low plasma vitamin D level is an important predictor for in-hospital adverse cardiac events in patients hospitalized with first attack of acute MI.

Myocardial Infarction is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The incidence of coronary heart disease is high and second most cause of death after cancer. This prospective study conducted on 100 patients admitted with first attack of acute myocardial infarction in the department of Cardiology in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2012 to June 2013 who were observed 3 to 8 days of hospital stay without doing further echocardiography and evaluated the relationship between echocardiographic wall motion score index (WMSI) assessed within 24 hours of admission and in-hospital outcomes. Mean age was 53.24±10.17 years in WMSI <2 and 55.58±12.68 years in WMSI ≥2 groups; difference was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). In both groups, males were predominant sufferer. Male-female ratio was 3.55:1 and the difference was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). As a risk factor, smoking was significantly higher in both groups but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) between groups. Hypertension was 34(49.28%) cases in WMSI <2 and 13(41.93%) cases in WMSI ≥2 group; difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Diabetes mellitus was 13(18.84%) cases in WMSI <2 and 16(51.61%) cases in WMSI ≥2 group that was statistically significant (p<0.05). Dyslipidemia was 28(40.58%) cases in WMSI <2 group and 23(74.19%) cases in WMSI ≥2 group that was statistically significant (p<0.05). Site of involvement of MI in WMSI <2 group were 39(56.52%) cases AMI (Anterior) and 30(43.48%) cases AMI (Inferior). In WMSI ≥2 group, AMI (Anterior) were 29(93.55%) and AMI (Inferior) were 02(6.45%). It revealed that AMI (anterior) was significantly higher in WMSI ≥2 group and AMI (Inferior) was significantly higher in WMSI <2 group. Heart failure class (Killip class) increases with the increasing of WMSI. In Killip class-I, 4(5.80%) were WMSI <2 and 01(3.23%) was WMSI ≥2 (p>0.05). In Killip class-II, 8(11.59%) were WMSI <2 and 02(6.45%) were WMSI ≥2 (p>0.05). In Killip class-III, 4(5.80%) were WMSI <2 and 13(41.94%) were WMSI ≥2 (p<0.05). In Killip class-IV, 2(2.89%) were WMSI <2 and 05(16.13%) were WMSI ≥2 (p<0.05) that was statistically significant. Arrhythmia was 14(20.29%) cases in WMSI <2 group and 13(41.94%) cases in WMSI ≥2 group that was statistically significant (p<0.05). Death was 2(2.90%) cases in WMSI <2 and 07(22.58%) cases in WMSI ≥2 group that was statistically significant (p<0.05). Early mortality rate was greater in patients with both WMSI ≥2 and a higher Killip's class. The higher the WMSI determined within 24 hours of admission, the worse the in-hospital outcome. Echocardiography is an affordable and readily available technique, which may be used to identify and stratify the risk following acute MI.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young people is progressively increasing. This was originally a case control study to predict the risk of ACS with hyper apolipoprotein B (Hyper apoB) status in young people, with 50 cases of 18-45 years of age of both sex with first attack of acute coronary syndrome admitted in Coronary care unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from June 2009 to May 2010 and for comparison, equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls were chosen. In present study only cases were analyzed regarding their anthropometric, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure and lipoprotein lipid profiles. Regarding anthropometric measurement, body mass index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist-to Hip ratio (WHR) was calculated. Thirty one cases had increased and 19 had normal WHR, of them 28 cases had hyper and 3 had normal ApoB and 14 cases out of 19 with normal WHR had hyper ApoB and hyper ApoB status was significantly found to be present in ACS patients with increased waist-hip ratio (p=0.03). In this study WHR, instead of WC was used by the author to define abdominal obesity for the diagnosis of MetS along with other criteria according to IDF (International Diabetic Federation) consensus worldwide definition of Mets. Out of 50 young ACS cases 14 cases had metabolic syndrome of those 12 had hyper ApoB status and was statistically significant (p=0.04).

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is increasingly evident in all parts of the globe as well in our country. There are accumulating evidences regarding many physical markers, like vertex baldness to predict ACS. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from October 2014 to September 2015. The main objective of the study was to assess the risk factors of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) of male patient of Acute Coronary Syndrome with or without vertex baldness. A total of 100 male patients with age between 25 to 55 years was included as study population. The study population was divided into two groups; each group consisted of 50 patients. Acute coronary syndrome in patients with vertex baldness mentioned as Group A and ACS in patients without vertex baldness mentioned as Group B. All risk factors were higher in group A than group B. But diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and family history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) were significantly higher in group A than in group B (p=0.003, p=0.008, <0.001). Probably as first study in Bangladesh, it may label vertex baldness as a cutaneous marker of premature CAD.

This study aimed to compare Apolipoprotein B(Apo B) with non-HDL-C as a predictor and discriminating factor of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This is a case control study among 50 cases of first attack of ACS among 18-45 years of age of both sex, admitted in coronary care unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from June 2009 to May 2010. Data was recently reanalyzed. Apo B is more sensitive than non-HDL C (84% vs. 62%) as well with more negative predictive value (NPV) (76.5% vs. 62.7%) but with similar positive predictive value (PPV) (63%). Specificity was more for non HDL C than Apo B (64% vs. 52%). Highest specificity and PPV observed for HDL- C, 88% and 71.4% respectively but with low sensitivity (30%). In this study diagnostic value of LDL-C, TC and TG was low. Apo B was a more discriminating factor as well predictor for ACS cases than non-HDL-C (OR: 5.678, 95% CI 2.227 - 14.528, P=0.001) vs. (OR: 2.901, 95% CI 1.288 - 6.534, P=0.01). Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was greater for Apo B than non-HDL-C (0.680 vs. 0.630). Though ApoB and non-HDL-C theoretically often equally reflects the atherogenic burden, Apo B was a more discriminating factor for ACS cases than non-HDL-C.

This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Cardiology & Medicine Department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. After fulfilling the exclusion & inclusion criteria, B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured in a convenience sample of 100 predominantly male (94%) dyspnic patients who got admitted in Cardiology & Medicine Department of Mymensingh Medical College & Hospital from November 2013 to October 2014. The diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) was based on generally accepted Framingham criteria with corroborative information including hospital course (response to diuretics, vasodilators, inotropes or hemodynamic monitoring) and results of further cardiac testing, including echocardiography. Patients with right heart failure from cor pulmonale were classified as having CHF. Pulmonary disease was confirmed by using the following diagnostic tools: i) A chest X-ray without signs of heart enlargement or pulmonary venous hypertension or a chest X-ray with signs of chronic obstructive lung disease, ii) Normal heart function as seen by echocardiography, iii) Abnormal pulmonary function tests or follow-up results and iv) A positive response to treatment with steroids, nebulizers or antibiotics in hospital. Patients with CHF (n=50) had mean BNP level 1146.72pg/ml (range 103 to 5000pg/ml), which is significantly higher than the group of patients with a final diagnosis of pulmonary disease (n=50) whose BNP was 34pg/ml (range 10 to 90pg/ml) (p<0.05). In conclusion, it was found that B-type natriuretic peptide is an important biomarker for differentiating congestive heart failure from lung disease in patients presenting with dyspnea.

The traditional lipidic parameters when present and clusters within reference range, often fails to predict the risk of acute coronary syndrome in young population in this region. Measurement of Apolipoprotein B (Apo B), a parameter of the lipoprotein-lipid profile, provides a method of quantifying the concentration of lipoproteins, rather than their cholesterol content. Present study aimed to quantify the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in young people with having none to less number of traditional lipidic parameters for dyslipidemia. This is a case control study among 50 cases of first attack of ACS among 18-45 years of age of both sexes, admitted in coronary care unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from June 2009 to May 2010. Data was recently reanalyzed. Out of five sub-sets of lipid profile, namely TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and non-HDL-C, 16(32%) cases were dyslipidemic by 0 (none) parameter, 13(26%) cases by one parameter, 7(14%) cases by two parameters, 4(8%) cases by three cases, 7(14%) cases by four parameters and 3(6%) cases by all five parameters. It was found that none to lesser the number of dyslipidemic parameters, greater the percentage of ACS cases and they are having hyper ApoB with statistically significant association (p<0.05).

Incidence of acute coronary syndrome in young people is progressively increasing. Apolipoprotein B is now regarded as a nobel parameter over conventional lipid profile, predicting acute coronary syndrome. A case control study was carried out in Department of Cardiology of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from June 2009 to May 2010. Total 50 cases of 18-45 years of age with first attack of acute coronary syndrome and 50 healthy controls of same age and sex distribution were studied. Of them 42(84.0%) of cases and 24(48%) of controls had hyper apoB condition. Mass screening of apolipoprotein B in apparently healthy young people may detect persons with hyper apoB status, who may develop acute coronary syndrome in future.

Cardiogenic shock is rare in isolated acute inferior myocardial infarction but there is relationship of cardiogenic shock with inferior myocardial infarction if associated with right ventricular infarction. A prospective study was carried out to see the association of cardiogenic shock with inferior myocardial infarction if associated with right ventricular infarction. This study was conducted from January 2011 to November 2011. A total of 100 cases were selected as study population which was taken from the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Among them 50 were in Group A and 50 were in Group B. Group A was the patients of acute myocardial infarction with right ventricular infarction. Group B was the patients of acute myocardial infarction without right ventricular infarction. It revealed that 9(18%) in Group A and 3(6%) in Group B developed cardiogenic shock which is statistically significant (p<0.05). The study concluded that AMI (Inf) with RVI is significantly associated with cardiogenic shock.

This case-control study was carried out in Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, within the period from June 2009 to May 2010. A total 50 case of 18-45 years of age with first attack of acute coronary syndrome admitted in coronary care unit and 50 healthy controls of same age and sex distribution were studied. Among the lipid parameters, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and non-HDL-C were significantly lower in cases than in controls. Apo B was significantly higher in the cases (98.7±25.1 mg/dl vs. 77.5±35.2 mg/dl in control). Importantly, among the cases with hyper Apo B condition, 25 (50.0%) had LDL-C level within normal limit, thus conventional lipid profile underestimated the ACS risk. In multivariate analysis Apo B was an independent determinant of ACS. Among the controls 23(46.0%) with high LDL-C had hyper Apo condition. Hyper-Apo B in these controls may cause acute coronary syndrome in future. The present study shows estimation of Apo B can predict basal or residual risk of acute coronary syndrome in young people, what from calculated LDL-C level cannot be inferred.

There is a relationship between the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. A cross sectional study was designed to see the association of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with diastolic dysfunction of the heart. The study was conducted from April 2012 to March 2013 in the department of cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh. Sixty cases were selected as study population; twenty one patients were in Group I with good glycaemic controlled of HbA1C <7% and 39 patients were in Group II with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus having HbA1C ≥ 7%. In the study population male were 43(71.70%) and female were 17(28.30%). Mean age in the two groups were 49.05 ± 6.34 years vs. 53.64 ± 5.38 years, which was not significant difference. Duration of diabetes was <10 years and ≥ 10 years in two groups. Glycaemic status (percentage of HbA1C) was 6.55 ± 0.29% vs. 8.72 ± 1.01% in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patient groups respectively which was significant difference. Diastolic dysfunction was found more in uncontrolled diabetic patient (patients having HbA1C% ≥ 7%) than controlled diabetic patients (HbA1C <7%). Grade I diastolic dysfunction was in uncontrolled and controlled glycaemic status were 33(84.60%) and 04(19.00%). The difference was statistically significant. Diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic subjects was significantly higher as compared to the well control group (p<0.001). And this study concluded as - Diastolic dysfunction is more common in patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.

The purpose of this study is to measure apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in hyper-triglyceridemic (HTG) young people of Bangladesh for predicting risk of acute coronary syndrome. This case-control study was carried out in Department of Cardiology, of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital within the period from June 2009 to May 2010. A total 50 case of 18-45 years of age with first attack of acute coronary syndrome admitted in coronary care unit and 50 healthy controls of same age and sex distribution were studied. Twenty (40%) of the studied case and 21(42%) of controls had hyper hyper-triglyceridemia, of those 18(90%) of HTG cases and 12(57.1%) of HTG controls had hyper-ApoB condition. The present study shows significant association of apolipoprotein B as an independent determinant and estimation of ApoB may be an alternative tool for predicting risk of development of acute coronary syndrome in hyper-triglyceridemic young people.

The study was undertaken to find out the correlation of elevated B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) levels with the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with unstable angina and NSTEMI. This cross sectional analytical study was carried out in the department of cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka during a period of August 2011 to June 2012. A total of 100 consecutive patients with unstable angina and NSTEMI undergoing coronary angiography were included in the study. BNP assay was done by Architect system, a chemo luminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). CAG was done by conventional method within 14 days of index hospital admission. Study patients were divided into two groups on the basis of BNP levels. In Group I, BNP Levels were ≤80pg/ml and in Group II, BNP levels were elevated >80pg/ml. with 50 patients in each group. Angiographic severity of CAD was assessed by vessel score and Friesinger score. Vessel score showed single vessel was involved in 21(47.7%) patients while multi vessel in 23(52.3%) patients was found in Group I. On the contrary 11(22.4%) single vessel patients and 38(77.6%) multivessel patients were found in Group II. There was significant association between vessel involvement (p=0.01). Friesinger score revealed that less severe CAD was found in 22(44%) patients and significant severe CAD in 28(56.0%) patients in Group I. On the contrary 7(14.0%) less severe CAD patients and 43(86.0%) severe CAD patients were found in Group II. There was significant difference between severity of CAD among the study groups (p=0.01). There was linear correlation between BNP pg/ml and coronary artery disease severity in terms of Vessel score (r=0.38, p=0.01) and Friesinger score (r=0.51, p=0.01). The present study concluded that increased BNP level >80pg/ml was significantly associated with the presence and severity of CAD in patient with UA and NSTEMI.

The study was aimed to find out the impact of metabolic syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction during hospital stay. This prospective study was carried out in coronary care unit, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from August 2009 to May 2010. Patients were followed up for minimum 3 days to maximum 6 days after admission. Variables of this study were age, sex, smoking, anterior AMI, inferior AMI, Non STEMI, hyperglycemia, low high density lipoprotein (HDL), raised blood pressure, high triglyceride (TG), waist circumference, recurrent non fatal MI, heart failure (Killip class), arrhythmia (VT, VF), ejection fraction (EF), family history of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria total 100 patients were included and divided into two groups, Group A - Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Group B - Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) without Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Investigations included ECG, FBS, fasting lipid profile, cardiac enzyme (troponin I) and echocardiography (2D & M mode). The data were analyzed by computer software SPSS version 12. Chi-square test, t test, ANOVA test was used as test of significance. Among the study population (n=100), female were 12.0%. Mean age of study population was 53.3±10.6 years vs. 47.5±11.3 years. Distribution of metabolic syndrome components in study population, High TG (?150mg/dl) was more prevalent (81.1% vs. 25.8%). Heart failure (Killip class) was significantly more in metabolic syndrome patients than those without metabolic syndrome (46.0 % vs. 20%). LV ejection fraction also lowers in metabolic syndrome patients (46.76±8.34 vs. 50.45±7.50) with MI. Among the components of metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia had strongest association for development of heart failure (OR 3.05; 95% CI 0.80-12.14).

The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh from December 2009 to November 2010 to find out the association of iron deficiency, in anaemia with rheumatoid arthritis and to find a sensitive and less invasive marker to differentiate iron deficiency anaemia from the anaemia of chronic disease. A total of 45 patients of rheumatoid arthritis were provisionally included in the study. Of them, 12 patients were excluded as they did not allow for aspirating the bone marrow, leaving 33 patients to complete the study. The mean age of the patients was 42.6 years (22-66 years) with female to male ratio being roughly 3:1. Majority (97%) of the patients presented weakness followed by 78.8% dizziness, 54.5% palpitation, 24.2% pallor, 12.1% breathlessness, another 12.1% smooth tongue and 6.1% nail change. About 79% of the patients were positive for RA test and nearly 70% of patient had moderate anaemia. The mean serum ferritin was significantly reduced in patients with hypochromic with or without microcytic anaemia than that with normocytic normochromic anaemia (p<0.001). While total iron binding capacity was found to be significantly increased in patients with iron deficiency anaemia than that in patients with anaemia of chronic disease (p<0.021). The serum iron level was considerably reduced in the former group than that in the later group (p<0.066). Bone marrow iron grading revealed 48.5% of the patients with iron depleted and 51.5% with iron repleted. Serum ferritin level of patients with iron depleted bone marrow was significantly decreased than that in patients with iron repleted bone marrow (p<0.001). Serum iron level of the former group was also reduced than that of the later group (p<0.133). Total iron binding capacity was significantly raised in patients with iron depleted group than that in patients with iron repleted group (p<0.001). The study finds that anaemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anaemia frequently coexist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and serum ferritin and total iron binding capacity are considered good indicator for differentiating iron deficiency anaemia from the anaemia of chronic disease. Serum iron levels will not help for differentiating.

This study compared the efficacy and safety of nebulized magnesium sulphate with salbutamol to normal saline with salbutamol as the initial treatment of severe acute asthma patients. The present study was designed as a randomized open controlled clinical trial. The study was conducted Mymensingh Medical College Hospital over a period of 11 months from December 2009 to October 2010. Patients admitted with severe acute asthma having inclusion criteria were the study population. Among 120 study population 60 were in salbutamol with magnesium sulphate group and 60 were in salbutamol with normal saline group. The study finding showed that peak flow at baseline was similar in two groups. At 10 minutes after nebulization, the mean±SD percentage increase in peak flow was greater in magnesium sulphate group (20±4%) than in the normal saline salbutamol group (13±3%). At 20 minutes the percentage increase in peak flow was greater in magnesium sulphate group (35±7%) than in the normal saline salbutamol group (24±6%) p value <0.001. Magnesium sulphate plus salbutamol group reached PEF near to 60% which is not in saline salbutamol group. There was no significant changed in respiratory rate, pulse rate, systolic, diastolic blood pressure and clinical evidence of unwanted adverse effect.

There is a relationship between metabolic syndrome with heart failure. A case control study was designed to see the association of metabolic syndrome with heart failure. The study was conducted from August 2009 to May 2010. Hundred cases were selected as study population which was taken from Department of Cardiology Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. Among them 50 were in Group A, 50 were in Group B. Group A was the patient with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with metabolic syndrome. Group B was the patient with AMI without metabolic syndrome. It revealed that 23(46%) in Group A and 10 (20%) in Group B developed heart failure. Which is statistically significant (p<0.05). The study concluded that metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with heart failure.