The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a new NASA Explorer mission that will explore the boundary between Earth and space to understand the physical connection between our world and our space environment. This connection is made in the ionosphere, which has long been known to exhibit variability associated with the sun and solar wind. However, it has been recognized in the 21st century that equally significant changes in ionospheric conditions are apparently associated with energy and momentum propagating upward from our own atmosphere. ICON’s goal is to weigh the competing impacts of these two drivers as they influence our space environment. Here we describe the specific science objectives that address this goal, as well as the means by which they will be achieved. The instruments selected, the overall performance requirements of the science payload and the operational requirements are also described. ICON’s development began in 2013 and the mission is on track for launch in 2018. ICON is developed and managed by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, with key contributions from several partner institutions.
Thomas Jerome Immel合作论文数Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley4
S. B. Mende合作论文数3S. Frey合作论文数3
Gary R Swenson合作论文数Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign3
Harald Frey合作论文数Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California3
David Lee Hysell合作论文数Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University3G. Crowley合作论文数3
Roderick Heelis合作论文数Center for Space Sciences|University of Texas at Dallas3
Scott L. England合作论文数Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California3
Joseph Huba合作论文数Paul Alan Bernhardt's Lab;Syntek Technologies Inc;Naval Research Laboratory3
Astrid Maute合作论文数High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research3
Gary Bust合作论文数Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory3
Jonathan Makela合作论文数Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign3
Benoit Hubert合作论文数Laboratory for Planetary and Atmospheric Physics, Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège;Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire, Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie, Faculté des Sciences, University of Liège3Andrew W. Stephan合作论文数3Christoph R. Englert合作论文数3
Douglas Edward Rowland合作论文数2
Jean-Claude Gérard合作论文数Labo De Physique Atmosphérique Et Planétaire, Département D'astrophysique, Géophysique Et Océanographie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Liège2John M. Harlander合作论文数2Akinori Saito (齊藤昭則)合作论文数Graduate School of Science, Division of Earth and Planetary Science, Kyoto University2
Jeffrey Forbes合作论文数Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder2
Farzad Kamalabadi合作论文数Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign2j edelstein合作论文数1F. Kamalabadi合作论文数1J. M. Harlander合作论文数1s e harris合作论文数1r r meier合作论文数1
Brian J. Harding合作论文数1Jerry Edelstein合作论文数1
Oswald Siegmund合作论文数Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley1Akira Saito合作论文数1
Eric J. Korpela合作论文数Space Sciences Laboratory;University of California;Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California , Berkeley1
William W. Craig合作论文数1
Pierre Rochus合作论文数Centre Spatial de Liège, University of Liège1Martin M. Sirk合作论文数1Claire L. Raftery合作论文数1
