D1244 in operation – first data and results on the way to controlled adaptation Global construction is responsible for about 50 % of the world‘s CO 2 -emissions and resource consumption. For a sustainable future, a drastic reduction is required, which, however, is in contradiction to the worldwide demographics characterized by population increase and urbanization. One possible approach are adaptive load-bearing structures equipped with distributed actuators and sensors that can manipulate deformations and stress distributions under loads through geometric adaptation. For high-rise buildings, this technology enables a reduction of resource consumption by about 50 %, for example. The world‘s first prototype was inaugurated at the end of 2021 on the campus of the University of Stuttgart. With twelve floors on a base area of 5 m × 5 m, the D1244 is 36 m high and has 24 hydraulic actuators, 128 strain gauges, and an optical measurement system that uses two cameras to measure deformations at 16 points on the structure in a plane parallel to the camera sensor with submillimeter precision. This paper illustrates the steps within the model-based development chain for automation and control of D1244 that have been accomplished and the results that have been achieved on this high-rise building. The experimental model identification and the subsequent model-based controller and observer design are discussed. Finally, the algorithms used for fault detection and diagnosis are presented and their basic functionality is demonstrated on the basis of initial validation measurements.

Increasing global population and urbanization pose challenges in the construction industry due to limited resources. Adaptive buildings introduce the field of ultra-lightweight structures and promise a 50% resource reduction, while doubling the building's lifespan. They comprise sensors, actuators and a control unit and can actively counteract external disturbances. This paper presents an automation concept for such adaptive high-rise structures. By collecting the measurements of redundant sensors (e.g. strain gauges, position and pressure sensors) as well as of an optical measurement system, reliable estimation of the structural state is ensured, even in case of faults. The sensor information is processed in a cascaded control loop including decentralized programmable logic controllers (PLC). The computed control forces are applied to the structure by multiple hydraulically driven actuators integrated into the structural elements. An Ethernet-based network communication system ensures the reliable transfer of high amounts of data between the PLC units and a wear monitoring system, that continuously monitors the structural wear. The proposed automation concept is implemented exemplary for the first adaptive high-rise building world-wide and shows the potential to actively compensate static loads and damp structural vibrations, while ensuring the continuous and safe operation of the system.

Adaptive structures are structures equipped with sensors, actuators, and a control unit to modify their static and dynamic response actively. The actuator configuration can impact the control performance, hence it is desired to optimally place actuators w. r. t. the control objective. The considered control objective in this paper is damping of wind-induced oscillations of the world’s first adaptive high-rise D1244. Different controllability and H 2 objectives for actuator placement are applied, which do or do not take the wind disturbance into account. The resulting actuator configurations are compared in terms of their layout and their ability to reject wind-disturbances in closed-loop simulations.

Heat waves impose health risks for the population. Evaporative cooling facades (ECF) can reduce the additional risks resulting from excessive heating of cities known as the heat island effect utilizing evaporation cooling. As a basis for effective use and development of short-term operation strategies for these facades, this paper elaborates a system of partial differential equations to model the dynamics of ECF. The system equations are based on the transport equation and derived utilizing energy balances. Qualitative feasibility of the phenomenological model is demonstrated.

Adaptive Tragwerke stellen einen Ansatz dar, um den Materialbedarf und die Emissionen über alle Phasen des Lebenszyklus eines Gebäudetragwerks zu reduzieren. Dazu werden Sensor-Aktor-Systeme in die Tragstruktur integriert, die den Lastabtrag gezielt beeinflussen. Im Jahr 2021 wurde an der Universität Stuttgart ein 36,5 m hohes Demonstrator-Hochhaus mit adaptivem Tragwerk errichtet. Für die Lastmanipulation innerhalb des Tragwerks wurden hydraulische Aktoren in Stützen und Aussteifungselemente eingebaut. In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung dieser aktuierbaren Tragwerkselemente vorgestellt.

Effect of Abemaciclib (LY2835219) on the growth of chordoma lines U-CH1, U-CH6, CAL51 (negative control), and MCF7 (positive control). Cells were grown in 96-well-plates were incubated for 3 days at 37{degree sign}C with increasing concentrations of Abemaciclib (3, 6, 10, 30, 60, 100, 300, 600, 1000 nM) in the medium or left untreated for control. The amount of viable cells was determined by using the MTS cell viability test (GraphPad Prism software, Version 6).

FISH results regarding the CDKN2A status in chordoma cell lines and the corresponding parental tumor.

Expression data of mRNA as shown by box plot graphs for brachyury (A), collagen 2A1 (B) and CD24 (C).

In an effort to minimize the environmental impact of space conditioning and water heating in buildings, seasonal heat storage has gained attention recently. We propose an operational strategy for a building in combination with a environmental friendly heat storage. To reduce the computational effort of the long-term optimization problem, we reduce and solve it in two steps. First, a simplified building model is used for annual input reference generation with an increased sampling time, minimizing energy cost. Subsequent, the input for the non simplified building is generated with a second, short-horizon optimization problem, minimizing cost and tracking the annual input reference with higher time resolution. The results show that deviations due to model and discretization errors occur, but the long-term reference is necessary to optimally operate the heat storage. Moreover, the long-term reference can be recomputed within one sampling interval when deviations are too high. The resulting operation principle is the charging of the thermal storage in times of low energy cost, and decharge in between. The storage is not filled once in summer and emptied in winter, but goes through multiple storage cycles during the year. The long-term reference optimized with the simplified model is a good approximation for the energy cost and consumption with the non simplified model.

The scarcity of resources and the rising population are becoming an increasing problem that require innovations in the construction sector. Adaptive structures enable the reduction of structural weight by being equipped with sensors and actuators to withstand external loads such as wind or earthquakes. As many buildings, these structures can have tension-only elements, which need to be modeled nonlinearly. A reliable control requires the knowledge of the system state. For this purpose, model-based estimators that account for the nonlinearities must be chosen. In this contribution, a nonlinear Moving Horizon Estimator (NMHE) is designed for a high-rise adaptive structure. In a simulation study with an excitation by an initial condition or an unknown wind disturbance, the NMHE is compared to linear filters. The NMHE outperforms the linear filters in all simulations. For a wind disturbance, it can be shown that linear filters are not sufficient to correctly reconstruct the state. In contrast to them, the estimation error of the NMHE is significantly reduced.

Overview ideogram of CGH data of all chordoma cell lines. Every cell line corresponds to one color. Lines on the left side are losses, and on the right side are gains of chromosomal material. Arrows mark the CDK6 region on 7q and p16 region on 9p.

Clinical data of chordoma patients. Every sample was positive for brachyury. Asterisks (*) mark the parental chordomas of the established chordoma cell lines.

Detailed CGH karyograms of the chordoma cell lines as shown in the ideogram in Supplementary Figure 1 (according to ISCN: International System for Human Cytogentic Nomenclature).

Western blot analyses of 8 chordoma cell lines showing expression of brachyury at 47 kDa.

Proliferation assay using Alamar Blue assay for U-CH2, 3, 6 and 10. Increasing concentrations of Palbociclib lead to an increase of growth inhibition of chordoma cells.

Data Supplement from Preclinical Characterization of Novel Chordoma Cell Systems and Their Targeting by Pharmocological Inhibitors of the CDK4/6 Cell-Cycle Pathway

BautechnikVolume 100, Issue 1 JahresinhaltsverzeichnisFree Access Jahresinhaltsverzeichnis Bautechnik 2022 First published: 04 January 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.202370107AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume100, Issue1January 2023 RelatedInformation

List of up and down regulated genes on expression level with a p-value of 10-4 a FC of 10.

Western blot analysis for cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3 of all chordoma cell lines as compared to HEK-293 cells (+/- stimulation with TNFα and Bortezomib for 18h). No corresponding bands are apparent in the cell lines after inhibition with 1000 nM Palbociclib for 3 days. U-CH 1-6 (A) and U-CH 7-12 (A).

Inversion microscopy views of the published chordoma cell lines U-CH1, U-CH2, U-CH 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, and 12. The cells showing the typical physaliphorous cytology; bars=100µm.