Purpose . The study is purposed at presenting and analyzing a new method for determining light absorption in the sea which for the first time made it possible to redirect almost all the scattered rays from the studied light beam to the photodetector along the path of its propagation in a weakly absorbing medium, as well as at showing that application of a new method providing such an efficient collection of the scattered rays, permits not only to avoid significant errors from a strong influence of scattering upon the results of determining light absorption, but also to give up the necessity in correcting the data by theoretical modeling. Methods and Results. It is known that sea water is a weakly absorbing light -scattering medium where light propagation is accompanied by its attenuation that is many times stronger due to scattering than due to absorption. Therefore, the determination of light absorption by sea water at a receiving device requires collection of not only the light that has traveled a certain distance in the absorption medium, but also all the light scattered along this path. Previously, a method was proposed for measuring the light absorption in a cylindrical mirror cuvette with a light source at the input and a collector with a photodetector at the output (reflective -tube absorption meter). Somewhat later, a similar method based on the phenomenon of total internal reflection was applied. Since these methods do not provide a complete collection of scattered rays, the data are to be corrected by theoretical modeling. The authors propose a new method for determining spectral absorption of light in a quartz cone cuvette with an external mirror cone. It is shown that the cone cuvette permits to collect most of the scattered rays in the beam passing through the water medium by means of more efficient redirection of these rays from the place of light scattering to the receiver. The rest of the scattered rays that have left the cuvette reach the receiver in the air space between the cuvette and the cone mirror due to multiple reflections from it. As a result, the new method makes it possible to redirect almost all of the scattered light to the receiver and thus to minimize the errors in determining light absorption in a weakly absorbing medium. To quantify the advantages of the new method, the authors have calculated geometric parameters of the scattered light propagation for a quartz cone cuvette in air and for the same cuvette placed inside the external cone mirror. Conclusions . The combination of a quartz cone cuvette and an external mirror cone in the new method made it possible to collect all the rays scattered in a weakly absorbing medium in the receiver. Thus, it permitted not only to exclude their strong influence upon determining light absorption in the sea, but also to give up correcting the data by theoretical modeling.

The main optical characteristics of phytoplankton and colored dissolved organic matter are described. The necessity of simultaneous registration of fluorescence of phytoplankton pigments and colored dissolved organic matter in seawater in situ is substantiated. Commercial recording devices, realizing registration of signals of phytoplankton fluorescence intensity in situ , are considered. This paper presents the developed experimental probing autonomous multichannel multichannel meter of fluorescence and light scattering in seawater (FR1). The paper presents the functional scheme of the developed meter, describes its main assemblies and principles of its operation. The developed meter allows quasi-simultaneous registration of a large set of parameters: excitation spectra of phytoplankton fluorescence, fluorescence intensity of phytoplankton pigments (chlorophyll- a , phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, β-carotene), as well as fluorescence intensity of colored dissolved organic matter and spectra of light scattering index at an angle of 90°. Registration of all these parameters is carried out from one measuring volume, where the same composition of suspended matter is located in the process of probing at each specific moment of time. The paper presents the results of approbation of the developed meter and suggests the direction of further research using it.

Determining the light spectral absorption in the sea always encounters difficulties in collecting at the receiving device simul taneously both the rays that have traveled a certain distance in the medium after absorption and all the photons scattered along this path. In the currently used methods, it is not possible to collect all the scattered rays, so it is necessary to take into account the effect of lost photons on the absorption value through theoretical modeling and subsequent correction of the values. A new approach to determining the seawaters spectral absorption of light is proposed by passing a diverging beam through the measured medium placed in a double-walled conical reflecting cuvette with an integrating sphere as a light-receiving collector. By using a diverging beam in a conical quartz cuvette, it was possible to extend it and, thus, ensure the determination of spectral absorption of light in a larger range of seawaters transparency. To compensate the influence of the diffuse radiation of the sphere returning to the double-walled cuvette on the absorption value, a two-beam scheme with normalization to the reference flux was used. It is shown that the new approach makes it possible to redirect almost all scattered light to the receiver and thus minimize errors in determining light absorption in a weakly absorbing medium. To quantify the advantages of the new method, calculations were carried out of the geometric parameters of the scattered light propagation for a double-walled conical quartz cuvette.

In this paper we discuss the problem how to analyze the results of spectral volume scattering function measurements in natural waters and artificial ones. Analytical predictions and experimental proves of the remarkable changes in the properties of the light scattering at small angles after a filtration of water sample are presented. It was proposed that a certain correlations in the positions of scattering centers always exist in the water which were resulted in the volume scattering function of any natural water was strong forward peaked. Based on Mie theory the sums of scattering amplitudes and scattering radiances were calculated for a power-law particle size distribution while the maximal radius was varied. The square of the sum of the scattering amplitudes was compared with the value of the classical term. It is shown that in the “blue” a significant compensation of the effect of spatial correlation of particles occurs with an increasing of the maximum radius of particles, starting from the radius is about 0.2 μm. The contribution of the additional term decreases faster at general angles region. The spectral properties of light scattering by seawater during sequential filtration through nucleopore filters with a pore diameter of 2, 1, and 0.45 μm have been measured. The volume scattering function data at scattering angles from 6 to 90 degrees were analyzed. Water samples were taken from the surface of the Black Sea at the beginning of October. The Secchi depths are varied from 16 up to 19m. It was found that after filtration through a filter with pores diameter equaled to 1 μm, the typical deep at 30° of spectral slope of volume scattering function was appeared. Such deep becomes stronger after the next stage of filtration, when diameter of pores was equal to 0.45 µm. It is shown that the angular dependence of the exponent of the spectral slope obtained as a result of processing the experimental data is in consistent with theoretical predictions.

It is noted that the high instrumental accuracy of modern marine spectrophotometers for reflectance measurements is difficult to implement due to large methodological errors caused by the sea surface waves by weather conditions and illumination geometry. A two-beam spectrophotometer based on the use of a multi-channel photomultiplier eliminating the disadvantages is proposed. The design and operation principle of a spectrophotometer, developed on the basis of a compact high-aperture monochromator and a photometric unit, in which the channels of the upwelling radiation and the irradiance of the sea surface are located, are described. In the instrument, instead of absolute measurements, the light fluxes are compared in a differential photometer instead of absolute measurements in order to reduce methodological errors. The use of a differential photometer, which measures the spectral reflectance of water, can significantly increase the measurement accuracy, because does not require absolute calibration of optical channels. The use of a multichannel photomultiplier leads to an additional decrease in methodological errors by reducing the time of measurements of the seawater spectral reflectance and makes it possible to select a sufficient number of spectra in a large volume of data without interference from waves and lighting conditions. The photomultiplier signals are digitized using a compact USB ADC/DAC module with digital input/output functions. Amplified signals from photocathodes are received at the module input, the module output is connected to the USB input of a computer recording signals and controlling the spectrophotometer work.

Purpose. The aim of the work is to develop, construct and test the experimental model for the ground-to-space monitoring of anthropogenic impacts on the Crimean coast using satellite and surface data. The system is intended to obtain significant parameters of marine environment required for revealing the anthropogenic impact sources, developing feasible recommendations on sustainable nature management and decreasing the anthropogenic load on marine ecosystems. Methods and Results. The paper represents description of the monitoring structure and the equipment focused on the ground segment of the system applied in the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS, as well as the example of its implementation in monitoring the Crimean coastal water areas. Discussed is the concept of the ground-to-space monitoring of anthropogenic impacts on the coastal water areas which constitutes a foundation of the proposed system. The ground sub-satellite segment of the monitoring system intended for collecting, processing and storing the information obtained from the contact sensors is described. Special attention is paid to the workstation permitting to perform operational analysis of the obtained data. The experience of successful application of the monitoring system is represented. Arrangement of the field studies is described. Main results obtained from testing the monitoring system are briefly reviewed. Comprehensive analysis of sub-satellite data and multi-spectral satellite images is shown by the example of detecting the emergency break at the main wastewater line in Sevastopol. Conclusions. The system of ground-to-space monitoring of the anthropogenic impacts on the Crimea coastal zone was developed, implemented and tested. The system functioning in 2015–2016 demonstrated its high efficiency in operational and complex analysis of direct and satellite data, especially in revealing emergency situations related to wastewater discharges to the sea.

The methods of determination of concentration and scattering by suspended particles in seawater are compared. The methods considered include gravimetric measurements of the mass concentration of suspended matter, empirical and analytical calculations based on measurements of the light beam attenuation coefficient (BAC) in 4 spectral bands, calculation of backscattering by particles using satellite measurements in the visible spectral range. The data were obtained in two cruises of the R/V "Professor Vodyanitsky" in the deep-water part of the Black Sea in July and October 2016., Spatial distribution of scattering by marine particles according to satellite data is in good agreement with the contact measurements.

Results of the seawater reflectance coefficient measurements carried out in 2002 – 2014 on the oceanographic platform of Marine Hydrophysical Institute using spectrophotometer designed by authors are discussed. Reflectance is measured in range 390 – 700 nm with 2.5 nm step. The light reflected by sea surface is taken into account by special measurement technique. The processing algorithm allows to calculate the following seawater biooptical characteristics: concentration of phytoplankton pigments, absorption by nonliving organic matter and backscattering by suspended matter, and also to detect presence of auxiliary photosynthetic pigments based on the reconstructed spectrum of phytoplankton absorption. The proposed method makes it possible to carry out operational sub-satellite monitoring of marine environment and to validate the algorithms of remote sensing data processing.

The results of the beam attenuation spectra measurements performed in August and September 2015 in the area of wastewater discharge in the southern part of the Heracleian Peninsula of the Black Sea are presented. The studies were conducted by sounding beam attenuation meter, developed in the Department of Optics and Biophysics of MHI RAS. Methods of measurement allowed to detect the presence of flooded streams pollutants in water in a real time.

Results of seawater reflectance measurements carried out in the Black Sea coastal waters in the summer-autumn season, 2002-2014 on the oceanographic platform of the Experimental Department of MHI are discussed.The data were obtained using the spectrophotometer developed in the Marine Optics Department of MHI.Special measuring technique allows one to take into account the light reflected by the sea surface that eliminates necessity in sub-surface probing and provides higher accuracy as compared to the results of the model simulations.The measurements show that in the summer-autumn period the sea reflectance spectra are of almost constant shape with a smooth peak in the range 480-500 nm.The peak values usually lie within between 1% (October) and 2% (July), except for the spectra measured during the coccolythophore bloom in 2012 when the peak values reached 6.6% (4.5% on average).The semi-analytical algorithm of reflectance data processing permits to obtain inherent optical properties of seawater including the phytoplankton pigments' concentration, absorption by nonliving organic matter and scattering by marine particles, and also to detect the auxiliary photosynthetic pigments from the reconstructed phytoplankton absorption spectrum.Special optimization technique permitting to simplify and to stabilize calculations is introduced.The chlorophyll-a concentrations obtained using the algorithm are in good agreement with direct biological data.Simultaneous measurements of reflectance and chlorophyll-a concentration performed during the sub-satellite experiment in 2002-2004 have shown that discrepancy between the modeled and the measured concentrations was about 10%.The considered method permits to carry out operational sub-satellite monitoring of marine environment and, in particular, to validate the algorithms for processing remote sensing data.

In experiments aimed at measuring the spectral volume scattering function of light, we obtain an additional confirmation of the existence of two-dimensional inhomogeneities of water on scales of 10 -7 –10 -3 m. In the case of mixing of pure water with small amounts of filtered water with different temperature or salinity, we observe an 1.8–4.5-fold intensification of the scattering of light in the entire range of angles. It is shown that this effect can be explained neither by turbulence nor by the formation of dissipative structures. We estimate the sizes of inhomogeneities affecting the spectral volume scattering function of light.

To explain the features of the scattering and propagation of light in liquid water, a hypothesis of the spatial adjustment of global optical inhomogeneities of water has been proposed. An analytical expression for the intensity of light singly scattered on randomly distributed clusters filling the entire water bulk has been obtained in the Rayleigh-Gans approximation. It has been shown that theoretical estimates are in good agreement with the experimental data on the volume scattering function in pure filtered water.

The method of chlorophyll concentration calculation using remote sensed ocean reflectance is proposed. This method can take into account the regional features of investigated basin, so it allows to avoid some errors caused by standard methods application. Phytoplankton pigment concentrations were retrieved from satellite and contact data using the method proposed, showing good correlation with biological data. Pigment absorption spectra were also calculated, providing information about not only chlorophyll, but many auxiliary phytoplankton pigments.

Method of satellite data correction, adjusting the standard atmospheric correction, is considered. Marine phytoplankton pigment concentrations were retrieved from SeaWiFS data using the correction proposed. Maps of chlorophyll distribution in region of Crimean South Coast were plotted, showing best correlation with biological data than when using standard methods.

Background: This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the irinotecan/gemcitabine combination in patients with relapsed/refractory small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).Patients and methods: Patients with measurable tumor who had received one previous chemotherapy or chemotherapy/radiation regimen were eligible. Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) was administered i.v. over 30 min followed immediately by irinotecan 100 mg/m(2) i.v. over 90 min, both on days 1 and 8 every 21 days. Patients were stratified based on response to initial treatment [i.e. primary sensitive disease with progression >= 3 months (group A), or refractory disease (group B)].Results: Seventy-three patients were enrolled but one never received treatment and one ineligible patient did not have SCLC. Median patient ages of the remaining patients were 61 and 63 years in groups A (n = 35) and B (n = 36), respectively, with performance status of 0 or 1 in 85% of 71 patients. Primary grade 3/4 toxic effects in groups A versus B were neutropenia (36% versus 43%), thrombocytopenia (36% versus 26%), nausea (12% versus 11%), vomiting (0 versus 11%), diarrhea (12% versus 9%), and pulmonary (12% versus 12%). Two patients had fatal events including pneumonitis (n = 1) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 1). Responses occurred in 11 group A [two complete responses and nine partial responses (PRs)] and four group B (all PRs) patients, for response rates of 31% [95% confidence interval (CI) 17%, 49%) and 11% (95% CI 3%, 26%), respectively. Median survival and progression-free survival times were 7.1 (95% CI 6, 10.5) versus 3.5 (95% CI 3.1, 5.7) months, and 3.1 (95% CI 1.6, 5.3) versus 1.6 (95% CI 1.4, 2.8) months for group A versus B.Conclusion: The irinotecan/gemcitabine combination is active and well tolerated as second-line therapy in SCLC patients. Additional studies are warranted as second-line therapy in patients who progressed 90 days or more after first-line therapy. However, the observed efficacy results in refractory SCLC patients indicate that this regimen should not be further explored in this population.

A field experiment was carried out in summer 2002 on an oceanographic platform near the coast of Crimea, in the Black Sea. For the first time, the spectral volume scattering function (VSF) was measured for a wide range of scattering angles (i.e., from 0.6 to 177.3 degrees) using a recently developed device. Our analysis revealed that the mineral particles are the primary component influencing the scattering and backscattering coefficient in the study area. The good correlation obtained between the backscattering coefficient b bp and the nonalgal particles absorption coefficient showed that the absorption efficiency of the mineral particles is high in the second half of the experiment. The ratio Chla/c p (where Chla is the chlorophyll a concentration and c p is the beam attenuation coefficient) did not correlate with the backscattering ratio and thus could not be used in this experiment as an alternative proxy to estimate the bulk composition of the particles. The spectral variation of b p (the scattering coefficient) and b bp (the backscattering coefficient) was less steep than what can be found in the open ocean waters. That was explained by the influence of the absorption on the scattering process, especially in the blue, as a consequence of the anomalous dispersion. The average backscattering ratio bp varied spectrally within 4%. Nevertheless, a high spectral variability of bp (around 30%) was observed suggesting that the use of a flat spectral variation is not accurate in coastal zones.

|Full Text: PDF (444 KB) 11. A survey on sensor networks Akyildiz, I.F.; Weilian Su; Sankarasubramaniam, Y.; Cayirci, E. Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume 40, Issue 8, Date: Aug 2002, Pages: 102114 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCOM.2002.1024422 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (990 KB) 12. Realization of the next-generation network Chae-Sub Lee; Knight, D. Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume 43, Issue 10, Date: Oct. 2005, Pages: 3441 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCOM.2005.1522122 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (151 KB) 13. A survey on wireless mesh networks Akyildiz, I.F.; Xudong Wang Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume 43, Issue 9, Date: Sept. 2005, Pages: S23S30 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCOM.2005.1509968 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (138 KB) 14. A 2.4 GHz CMOS sub-sampling mixer with integrated filtering Pekau, H.; Haslett, J.W. Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 40, Issue 11, Date: Nov. 2005, Pages: 21592166 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSSC.2005.857364 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (784 KB) Page 2 of 14 Top Articles 12/15/2005 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/toparticles.jsp 15. TDCS, OFDM, and MC-CDMA: a brief tutorial Chakravarthy, V.; Nunez, A.S.; Stephens, J.P.; Shaw, A.K.; Temple, M.A. Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume 43, Issue 9, Date: Sept. 2005, Pages: S11S16 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCOM.2005.1509966 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (128 KB) 16. A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications Alamouti, S.M. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on Volume 16, Issue 8, Date: Oct 1998, Pages: 1451-1458 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/49.730453 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (224 KB) 17. Why software fails [software failure] Charette, R.N. Spectrum, IEEE Volume 42, Issue 9, Date: Sept. 2005, Pages: 4249 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSPEC.2005.1502528 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (9468 KB) 18. A road to future broadband wireless access: MIMO-OFDM-Based air interface Hongwei Yang Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume 43, Issue 1, Date: Jan. 2005, Pages: 5360 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCOM.2005.1381875(410) 4 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (524 KB) 19. Remotely powered addressable UHF RFID integrated system Curty, J.-P.; Joehl, N.; Dehollain, C.; Declercq, M.J. Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 40, Issue 11, Date: Nov. 2005, Pages: 21932202 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSSC.2005.857352 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (728 KB) 20. IEEE standard for software test documentation IEEE Std 829-1998 Volume , Issue , Date: 16 Dec 1998, Pages: Abstract |Full Text: PDF (592 KB)|Full Text: PDF (592 KB) 21. Generalized principal component analysis (GPCA) Vidal, R.; Yi Ma; Sastry, S. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on Volume 27, Issue 12, Date: Dec. 2005, Pages: 19451959 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.244 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (872 KB) 22. NGN architecture: generic principles, functional architecture, and implementation Knightson, K.; Morita, N.; Towle, T. Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume 43, Issue 10, Date: Oct. 2005, Pages: 4956 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCOM.2005.1522124 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (131 KB) Page 3 of 14 Top Articles 12/15/2005 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/toparticles.jsp 23. An auto-I/Q calibrated CMOS transceiver for 802.11g Yong-Hsiang Hsieh; Wei-Yi Hu; Shin-Ming Lin; Chao-Liang Chen; Wen-Kai Li; Sao-Jie Chen; Chen, D.J. Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 40, Issue 11, Date: Nov. 2005, Pages: 21872192 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSSC.2005.857348 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (1080 KB) 24. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems IEEE Std 802.16-2004 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.16-2001) Volume , Issue , Date: 2004, Pages: 0_1857 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (6002 KB)|Full Text: PDF (6002 KB) 25. IEEE standard for information technologytelecommunications and information exchange between systemslocal and metropolitan area networksspecific require Part II: wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications IEEE Std 802.11g-2003 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.11, 1999 Edn. (Reaff 2003) as amended by IEEE Stds 802.11a-1999, 802.11b-1999, 802.11b-1999/Cor 1-2001, and 802 2001) Volume , Issue , Date: 2003, Pages: i67 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (1754 KB)|Full Text: PDF (1754 KB) 26. A 10 Gb/s BiCMOS adaptive cable equalizer Guangyu Evelina Zhang; Green, M.M. Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 40, Issue 11, Date: Nov. 2005, Pages: 21322140 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSSC.2005.857354 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (1304 KB) 27. A 1.2-V-only 900-mW 10 gb ethernet transceiver and XAUI interface with robust VCO tuning technique Hyung-Rok Lee; Moon-Sang Hwang; Bong-Joon Lee; Young-Deok Kim; Dohwan Oh; Jaeha Kim; Sang-Hyun Lee; Deog-Kyoon Jeong; Kim, W. Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 40, Issue 11, Date: Nov. 2005, Pages: 21482158 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSSC.2005.857360 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (2384 KB) 28. Differential current-mode sensing for efficient on-chip global signaling Tzartzanis, N.; Walker, W.W. Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 40, Issue 11, Date: Nov. 2005, Pages: 21412147 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSSC.2005.857351 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (672 KB) 29. IEEE Std 802.11-1997 Information Technologytelecommunications And Information exchange Between Systems-Local And Metropolitan Area Networks-specific Requirements-part 11: Wireless Lan Medium Access Control (MAC) And Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications IEEE Std 802.11-1997 Volume , Issue , Date: 18 Nov 1997, Pages: i-445 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (25764 KB)|Full Text: PDF (25764 KB) 30. QoS routing for wireless ad hoc networks: problems, algorithms, and protocols Baoxian Zhang; Mouftah, H.T. Communications Magazine, IEEE Page 4 of 14 Top Articles 12/15/2005 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/toparticles.jsp Volume 43, Issue 10, Date: Oct. 2005, Pages: 110117 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCOM.2005.1522133 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (141 KB) 31. On the performance analysis of the minimum-blocking and bandwidth-reallocation channel-assignment (MBCA/BRCA) methods for quality-of-service routing suppo mobile multimedia ad hoc networks Aggelou, G. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on Volume 53, Issue 3, Date: May 2004, Pages: 770782 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TVT.2004.825696 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (1368 KB) 32. Standards for the next-generation network Maeda, Y.; Moore, B. Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume 43, Issue 10, Date: Oct. 2005, Pages: 3333 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCOM.2005.1522121 Full Text: PDF (287 KB) 33. A monotonic digitally controlled delay element Maymandi-Nejad, M.; Sachdev, M. Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 40, Issue 11, Date: Nov. 2005, Pages: 22122219 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSSC.2005.857370 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (560 KB) 34. RFID privacy: an overview of problems and proposed solutions Garfinkel, S.L.; Juels, A.; Pappu, R. Security & Privacy Magazine, IEEE Volume 3, Issue 3, Date: May-June 2005, Pages: 3443 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSP.2005.78 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (1520 KB) 35. Mobility support for IP-Based networks Jie Li; Hsiao-Hwa Chen Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume 43, Issue 10, Date: Oct. 2005, Pages: 127132 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MCOM.2005.1522136 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (124 KB) 36. Comparison frequency doubling and charge pump matching techniques for dual-band /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ fractional-N frequency synthesizer Hyungki Huh; Yido Koo; Kang-Yoon Lee; Yeonkyeong Ok; Sungho Lee; Daehyun Kwon; Jeongwoo Lee; Joonbae Park; Kyeongho Lee; Deog-Kyoon Jeong; Kim, W. Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 40, Issue 11, Date: Nov. 2005, Pages: 22282236 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSSC.2005.857368 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (984 KB) 37. Survey of clustering algorithms Rui Xu; Wunsch, D., II Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on Volume 16, Issue 3, Date: May 2005, Pages: 645678 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TNN.2005.845141 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (1544 KB) 38. Who killed the virtual case file? [case management software] Page 5 of 14 Top Articles 12/15/2005 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/toparticles.jsp Goldstein, H. Spectrum, IEEE Volume 42, Issue 9, Date: Sept. 2005, Pages: 2435 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSPEC.2005.1502526 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (11485 KB) 39. MOS operational amplifier design-a tutorial overview Gray, P.R.; Meyer, R.G. Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 17, Issue 6, Date: Dec 1982, Pages: 969982 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (1536 KB)|Full Text: PDF (1536 KB) 40. Broadband MIMO-OFDM wireless communications Stuber, G.L.; Barry, J.R.; McLaughlin, S.W.; Ye Li; Ingram, M.A.; Pratt, T.G. Proceedings of the IEEE Volume 92, Issue 2, Date: Feb 2004, Pages: 271294 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JPROC.2003.821912 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (1200 KB)| Full Text: HTML 41. SOA without Web services: a pragmatic implementation of SOA for financial transactions systems Duan, Z.; Bose, S.; Stirpe, P.A.; Shoniregun, C.; Logvynovskiy, A. Services Computing, 2005 IEEE International Conference on Volume 1, Issue , Date: 11-15 July 2005, Pages: 243250 vol.1 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/SCC.2005.94 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (296 KB) 42. Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard Wiegand, T.; Sullivan, G.J.; Bjntegaard, G.; Luthra, A. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions on Volume 13, Issue 7, Date: July 2003, Pages: 560576 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TCSVT.2003.815165 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (904 KB) 43. Applications of RFID technology Raza, N.; Bradshaw, V.; Hague, M. RFID Technology (Ref. No. 1999/123), IEE Colloquium on Volume , Issue , Date: 1999, Pages: 1/1-1/5 Abstract |Full Text: PDF (160 KB)|Full Text: PDF (160 KB) 44. Ultra-wideband communications: an idea whose time has come Liuqing Yang; Giannakis,

We present the description and preliminary results of the international subsatellite experiment carried out on the oceanographic platform located in the Black Sea (near the South Coast of Crimea in the region of Katsiveli). A brief description of the equipment and experimental procedure is given. Some preliminary results of the experiment, including the data on the behavior of biooptical parameters as functions of time and their correlation, are presented. These data cover a broad range of variation of the biooptical properties of the sea and can be used for the quantitative comparison with the data of the MERIS, MODIS, and SeaWiFS scanners.

We propose additional 60 new experimental phase functions of light scattering by natural seawater measured in the very turbid waters of the Atlantic during the LEO-15 experiment off the New Jersey coast. Previously published experimental phase functions include 15 phase functions by Petzold measured in California Bay and 41 phase functions by Mankovsky measured in waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Southern oceans, Mediterranean and Black seas, and Lake Baikal. All previously published phase functions correspond to waters with beam scattering coefficients in the range of 0.08 to 1.8 l/m. the newly measure phase functions expand the range of scattering coefficients more than five times up to 9.3 l/m.