Motivated by the teleoperation and local map sharing vehicular communication use cases, we investigate whether uplink throughput can be predicted by different machine learning approaches. First, we perform measurements of the vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) uplink throughput in Munich, Germany. Then, we use the collected measurements to evaluate whether linear regression (LR), deep neural network (DNN), and random forest (RF) can predict the uplink throughput. Our results show that, while very easy to train, LR is overly simple in describing the relationship of the input features and the predicted uplink throughput. On the other hand, DNN and RF can provide a very good prediction of uplink throughput (below 0.5 Mbps mean absolute error for a 40 Mbps uplink connection), while requiring longer training. Irrespective of the employed model, our results show that the best indicator of uplink throughput is signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). When location information is added to SINR, the prediction error can be further reduced, albeit slightly. In the absence of SINR, location information is the second best in predicting uplink throughput. However, it can be employed only for locations that were available in the training dataset. On the other hand, SINR allows for generalization to locations different to those observed in the training dataset.

Background Digitalization affects almost every aspect of modern daily life, including a growing number of health care services along with telemedicine applications. Fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology has the potential to meet the requirements for this digitalized future with high bandwidths (10 GB/s), low latency (<1 ms), and high quality of service, enabling wireless real-time data transmission in telemedical emergency health care applications. Objective The aim of this study is the development and clinical evaluation of a 5G usability test framework enabling preclinical diagnostics with mobile ultrasound using 5G network technology. Methods A bidirectional audio-video data transmission between the ambulance car and hospital was established, combining both 5G-radio and -core network parts. Besides technical performance evaluations, a medical assessment of transferred ultrasound image quality and transmission latency was examined. Results Telemedical and clinical application properties of the ultrasound probe were rated 1 (very good) to 2 (good; on a 6 -point Likert scale rated by 20 survey participants). The 5G field test revealed an average end-to-end round trip latency of 10 milliseconds. The measured average throughput for the ultrasound image traffic was 4 Mbps and for the video stream 12 Mbps. Traffic saturation revealed a lower video quality and a slower video stream. Without core slicing, the throughput for the video application was reduced to 8 Mbps. The deployment of core network slicing facilitated quality and latency recovery. Conclusions Bidirectional data transmission between ambulance car and remote hospital site was successfully established through the 5G network, facilitating sending/receiving data and measurements from both applications (ultrasound unit and video streaming). Core slicing was implemented for a better user experience. Clinical evaluation of the telemedical transmission and applicability of the ultrasound probe was consistently positive.

BACKGROUND Digitalization affects almost every aspect of modern daily life including a growing number of healthcare services along with telemedicine applications. 5th. generation mobile communication technology (5G) has the potential to meet the requirements for this digitalized future with high bandwidths (10 GB/s), low latency (< 1ms) and high quality of service, enabling wireless real-time data transmission in telemedical emergency health care applications. OBJECTIVE We present the results of a 5G field test framework enabling preclinical diagnostics with mobile ultrasound for emergency patients using 5G network slicing technology. METHODS A bi-directional audio-video data transmission between ambulance car and hospital was established, combining both 5G-radio and -core network parts. Besides technical performance evaluations also medical assessment of transferred ultrasound image quality and transmission latency was examined. RESULTS Telemedical and clinical application properties of the ultrasound probe were rated very good – good (VAS). The 5G field test revealed an average End-2-End round trip latency of 10 ms. The measured average throughput for the ultrasound image traffic was 4 Mbps and for the video stream 12 Mbps. Traffic saturation revealed a lower video quality and a slower video stream. Without core slicing, the throughput for the video application was reduced to 8 Mbps. Deployment of core network slicing facilitated quality and latency recovery. CONCLUSIONS Bi-directional data transmission between ambulance car and remote hospital site was successfully established through the 5G network, facilitating sending/receiving data and measurements from both applications (ultrasound unit and video streaming). Core slicing was implemented for better user experience.

The major advantages of 5G networks for eHealth use cases are the low latency transmission and network slicing. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using 5G to enhance remote mobile ultrasound. We demonstrate a medical use case to show how eHealth applications can be enhanced with 5G radio technology and network slicing. By using a flexible, reconfigurable test-bed, we examine the benefits of ultra low latency communications (URLLC) and slicing in a real world field test. This field test not only shows the advantages, but also reveals additional requirements of using 5G for eHealth sector. Our field test examines the impact of communication latency and slicing for performance evaluations. The reported results validate the feasibility of using 5G technology for eHealth applications. Meanwhile, comprehensive evaluations give the first impression of how 5G-enhanced eHealth applications perform in the real world scenario.

The growing digitization of manufacturing processes requires enhanced connectivity between moving objects and machines in a factory environment. Communication for factory automation is characterized by periodicity, determinism and isochronicity, and has very different system and communication requirements compared to traditional mobile broadband for smartphones. In this paper, we analyze several industrial automation use-cases which demand the highest application requirements (ex. closed-loop motion control with < 1ms cycle time and 99.9999% service availability) and discuss the key design challenges for the upcoming 5G standard. We identify the main challenges for the 5G-NR system to support isochronous and deterministic communications for industrial automation. Finally, we provide estimated numbers of supported nodes/links for a closed-loop motion control use case with different bandwidths, which indicate the potential for 5G for industrial automation.

The 5G ultra reliable and low-latency communication (uRLLC) will become a significant enhancement to the future assisted driving and fully autonomous driving. For experimenting various uRLLC-enabled cooperative driving applications, we have designed a Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) testbed based on the software defined radio (SDR), which features flexible reconfiguration in short frame structure and numerology, fast real-time processing, flexible synchronization and easy to deploy. The usecases and communication requirements for future cooperative autonomous driving are discussed to motivate the system design and technical enablers that can achieve the most stringent linklevel communication requirements of cooperative autonomous driving. The main building blocks of the testbed include a reconfigurable RF front-end and optimized base-band processing on general purposed CPUs. The technical enablers include a new OFDM-like waveform based on Pulse-shaping, a flexible and self-contained frame-structure design, GNSS-aided hybrid synchronization and low-latency scheduled multiple-access. We finally present some experimental results from lab measurements and field trial.

One of the major advantages of V2V communication for vehicle platooning system is the low latency of message transfer between the vehicles as compared to the recognition by the sensor systems. The low latency allows the following vehicles to predict the trajectory of leading vehicle and plan the required control actions in a very short time. In addition, V2V can be effectively used in scenarios where the information from vision sensors in unavailable or limited due to field-of-view or unsuitable weather conditions. In this paper, we present such a vehicle platooning system that relies only on V2V communication, without use of vision sensors. We also evaluate the effect of communication latency and reliability on the performance of the system. Vehicle tests using prototype hardware for 5G-V2X and 802.11p communications show the effectiveness of the approach.

Future 5G technologies need to support different types of use cases, each with different type of requirements. In this paper, we present a Reconfigurable 5G Testbed Solution used to support different V2X and Industry 4.0 use cases. Enabling Cooperative Collision Avoidance for automated driving using 5G technology to improve the road safety. 5G enhanced with low-latency, high reliability and throughput is one of the crucial goals fitting the diverse requirements for V2X communications. 5G is also a key enabler for new industry addressing challenging solutions. We discuss different V2X and industrial use cases implemented in real field test, using a 5G radio testbed based on flexible and re-configurable software defined radio that is designed for cooperative automated driving and new generation industrial communication. The use cases of Emergency Brake, Teleoperated Driving and Robot As A Service are elaborated and tested with the same 5G Testbed. We present our 5G testbed solution showing system design and technical enablers that can achieve the most stringent linklevel communication requirements.We finally present the trials results.

We explore the feasibility of 5G for enhancing cooperative automated driving. A V2X solution for enhancing road safety through connected cars based on 5G radio technology is shown. Based on a flexible, re-configurable software defined radio test-bed, we examine the benefit of ultra low latency and high reliability (URLLC) profile for enhanced emergency brake maneuver. This use case reveals the advantages and additional requirements of using 5G for automated emergency braking based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication. We analyze the impact of communication latency and reliability on the maneuver performance and associated safety aspect. The results provide insights into the joint-design of a V2X communication system for enhancing road safety through cooperative automated driving.

Ensuring low-latency and highly reliable communication between vehicles is one of the goals of 5G. We present a 5G Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) wireless testbed based on flexible and re-configurable software defined radio that is designed for cooperative automated driving. The use-cases and communication requirements for cooperative automated driving are discussed to motivate the system design and technical enablers that can achieve the most stringent link-level communication requirements of cooperative autonomous driving. The key building blocks include a re-configurable RF front-end, optimized base-band processing on standard Intel CPUs and a custom-built highpower external RF subsystem. The technical enablers include a new OFDM-like waveform based on Pulse-shaping, a flexible and self-contained frame-structure design, GNSS-aided hybrid synchronization and low-latency scheduled multiple-access. We finally present some experimental results from lab measurements.

This paper presents a novel analysis of the sensitivity of an important class of filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) systems to time and frequency offsets. For the FBMC system under consideration the mapping for each sub-carrier uses offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) constellations. Assuming that the time offset (TO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) are less than the symbol duration and sub-carrier frequency spacing, respectively, we derive exact analytical expressions of the interference power resulting from TO and CFO. Our theoretical results are confirmed by simulations for a large set of prototype filters. Furthermore, in the case of perfectly orthogonal prototype filters, we establish the link with a simple expression that up to now was left unused.

In order to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of multicarrier signals, a DFT-precoding technique can be particularly useful. In this paper we propose to combine such a DFT precoding with the OFDM/OQAM modulation to provide a new frequency access scheme, that we call in short DFT-OQAMA. This DFT-OQAMA technique is compared to the Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiplex Access (SC-FDMA) recently proposed for the UpLink (UL) of the 3GPP LTE system.

Nowadays, OFDM/OQAM is considered as an attractive alternative to conventional OFDM with cyclic prefix (CP) for transmission over doubly dispersive channels. By using well designed pulse shapes and removing the CP, OFDM/OQAM has the advantage of a higher spectral efficiency. In this paper, we propose to combine OFDM/OQAM with Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) to get an alternative to the well-known Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and to Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) techniques for the uplink (UL) transmission in the 3GPP/LTE context. For concision purpose, this proposed alternative is named OQAMA. The performances of the OQAMA technique are evaluated and compared with the OFDMA and SC-FDMA ones. The results demonstrate the efficiency of OQAMA over a Doppler spread channel within 3GPP/LTE standard.