Background: Mortality in patients with severe sepsis remains high despite the development of several therapeutic strategies. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to evaluate whether homeopathy is able to influence long-term outcome in critically ill patients suffering from severe sepsis.Methods: Seventy patients with severe sepsis received homeopathic treatment (n=35) or placebo (n=35). Five globules in a potency of 200c were given at 12 h interval during the stay at the intensive care unit. Survival after a 30 and 180 days was recorded.Results: Three patients (2 homeopathy, 1 placebo) were excluded from the analyses because of incomplete data. All these patients survived. Baseline characteristics including age, sex, BMI, prior conditions, APACHE II score, signs of sepsis, number of organ failures, need for mechanical ventilation, need for vasopressors or veno-venous hemofiltration, and laboratory parameters were not significantly different between groups. On day 30, there was non-statistically significantly trend of survival in favour of homeopathy (verum 81.8%, placebo 67.7%, P=0.19). On day 180, survival was statistically significantly higher with verum homeopathy (75.8% vs 50.0%, P=0.043). No adverse effects were observed.Conclusions: Our data suggest that homeopathic treatment may be an useful additional therapeutic measure with a long-term benefit for severely septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit. A constraint to wider application of this method is the limited number of trained homeopaths. Homeopathy (2011) 100, 95-100.

It has been shown that danazol (14-ethinyltestosterone) induces hyperglucagonaemia. To investigate the effect of chronic glucagon excess on carbohydrate metabolism, we studied six patients before and after treatment with danazol for immunothrombopenia. Glucose tolerance and insulin, C-peptide and glucagon secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) as well as peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity were determined by means of euglycaemic clamp technique (40 mU m-2 min-1) before and after 3 months of danazol therapy. Overall glucose turnover (Rd) was assessed radioisotopically. (1) Plasma glucagon levels rose significantly from 88 +/- 16 pg mL-1 before to 683 +/- 148 pg mL-1 after therapy (P < 0.01). (2) Glucose levels during an oGTT were not significantly different before and after therapy. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at 60 and 120 min and the area under the curve (AUC) for insulin during the oGTT, were significantly increased after danazol treatment compared with pre-treatment values (P < 0.05), whereas glucagon secretion showed a similar decrease at both time points of investigation (NS). (3) Rd during steady state showed a significant decrease during the entire period of euglycaemic clamp following therapy (after 240 min, 3.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.7 mg kg-1 min-1, P < 0.05). The decline in glucagon during the clamp was similar during steady state before and after therapy. (4) Basal hepatic glucose output did not differ significantly before and after therapy (1.74 +/- 0.41 vs. 1.45 +/- 0.22 mg kg-1, NS), whereas hepatic glucose output during the clamp was significantly less suppressed after danazol therapy. The authors conclude that chronic glucagon excess leads to a decrease in peripheral and hepatic insulin action which is accompanied by an increase in insulin secretion.

A 36 year old patient received an implantable central venous catheter system for a bone marrow transplantation. One year after the successful transplantation, embolization of the catheter was discovered by a routine x-ray three weeks after beginning of an exercise program with a spring expander including arm exercises. The catheter was removed without further complication via the vena femoralis. We assume that the cause for this incident was material fatigue due to pressure between clavicula and first rib possibly caused by strength training. We suggest as a consequence that patients with an implanted catheter system should before starting exercise consult a sports medicine specialist who would in turn cooperate with the specialist responsible for the catheter, so that an adequate and safe training program can be selected.

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of recombinant interferon-alpha 2C (rIFN-alpha 2C) on the in vivo Fc-dependent phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial (RE) system. Fourteen patients with excessive thrombocytosis due to myeloproliferative disorders were studied before and 3 months after initiation of therapy. RE function was determined by measuring the clearance of autologous red blood cells (RBC) labeled with 51Cr and sensitized with anti-D antibody. Eleven of the 14 patients responded to rIFN-alpha 2 treatment (platelets, less than 440 X 10(9)/liter). Rather in contrast to a shortening of platelet half-life and an increase (trendwise) in platelet-bound IgG, rIFN-alpha 2 caused a significant impairment of RE function. Although this finding could in part be accounted for by the treatment-related decrease in splenic volume, statistical analysis revealed a direct influence of rIFN-alpha 2 on RBC clearance (p less than 0.01). Our study results might be explained by an interferon (IFN)-induced, intensified expression of Fc receptors on platelet (and leukocyte) surfaces, possibly enhancing unspecific binding of IgG to their cellular membranes. The subsequent increased platelet uptake may lead to an overloading of the RE system causing impaired reactions to additional stimuli such as IgG-coated RBC.

A 69 year-old male with carcinoid syndrome and undetectable primary tumour, but disseminated liver metastases, was treated with somatostatin analogue octreotide (Sandostatin) and later additionally with recombinant interferon alpha 2 b (r IFN alpha 2 b, Intron A). The carcinoid symptoms (flushing, diarrhoea) were stopped within hours by octreotide. Simultaneously, the urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) excretion and serum serotonin levels decreased by more than 50%. In spite of continued treatment with r IFN alpha 2 b a reduction in dosage of octreotide resulted in a rapid recurrence of carcinoid symptoms, suggesting that IFN alpha 2 b had no effect on the carcinoid symptoms in this patient. Since, furthermore, no regression of the tumour mass was observed, treatment with IFN was stopped after 8 months. During 15 months of treatment to date the patient has been kept free of symptoms by octreotide.