This chapter recounts the author's first experience of flight and lack of any knowledge of phenomenology, wherein he scribbled notes on the tension between objective facts and subjective experience. It talks about the author's position with the Aboriginal Welfare Board and assignment to the Mildura region in the northwest of the state to evaluate the housing needs of Aboriginal families living in riverbank humpies or on local rubbish dumps. It also describes the people the author met at an Aboriginal station at Lake Tyers, where parents and grandparents had been settled there forcibly at a time when it was believed that Aboriginals were doomed to extinction. The chapter mentions the author's attendance to the Magistrate's Court to plead on behalf of an Aboriginal boy charged with car conversion. The author was kicked out of the court for smoking and was forced to leave even after he claimed to be a welfare officer who was there to speak for the Aboriginal boy.

A survey by Thornewill et al. (2020) produced potentially useful information about how national security roles of psychologists are viewed both within and beyond the discipline. However, a closer examination of the data, and of the authors' interpretations of that data, raises some important questions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

This paper examines microstructure-property relationships in high-temperature directionally solidified (DS) in-situ composites based on Nb silicides, such as Nb3Si and Nb5Si3. These in-situ composites are based on the Nb3Si-Nb binary eutectic, and are alloyed with Ti. They were prepared using cold crucible Czochralski crystal growth. Ternary Nb-Ti-Si alloys with Ti concentrations from 9 to 45%, and Si concentrations from 10 to 25%, were directionally solidified to generate aligned two- and three-phase composites containing a Nb solid solution with Nb3Si and Nb5Si3 silicides. Fracture toughness values generally greater than 10 MPa√m were measured in these composites. For a given Si concentration, the fracture toughness of the Ti-containing composites was increased ∼ 6 MPa√m over that of the binary alloy composites. The effects of Si concentration, and a range of Nb:Ti ratios, on microstructure, phase equilibria, and fracture toughness were examined.

Drawing on Kuhn's (1970) analysis, Melchert (2016) argued that current professional psychology exists in a preparadigmatic state and that a transition to a unified clinical science based on the paradigm of the behavioral and neurosciences is now possible. But Melchert's analysis makes questionable assumptions about reducibility and neglects several crucial aspects of Kuhn's analysis. A close examination of psychological work on problems such as violence against women indicates that different research paradigms and their associated exemplars identify strengths and weaknesses of specific treatment resources that cannot be entirely encompassed within a single paradigmatic perspective (Jackson, 2015b) and additionally suggests that psychological knowledge is governed by at least 3 overarching research paradigms, as well as a variety of subparadigms encompassing applied and mixed methods research and many current orientations to professional psychology (Jackson, 2015a).

Higher gas path temperatures for greater aircraft engine thrust and efficiency will require both higher temperature gas turbine airfoil materials and optimization of internal cooling technology. Microlaminated composites consisting of very high temperature intermetallic compounds and ductile refractory metals offer a means of achieving higher temperature turbine airfoil capability without sacrificing low temperature fracture resistance. Physical vapor deposition, used to synthesize microlaminated composites, also offers a means of fabricating advanced turbine blade internal cooling designs. The low temperature fracture resistance of microlaminated Nb(Cr)-Cr2Nb microlaminated composites approached 20 MPa√m in fracture resistance curves, but the fine grain size of vapor deposited intermetallics indicates a need to develop creep resistant microstructures.

Metallic candidates for functionally graded material (FGM) coatings have been evaluated for potential use in bonding zirconia to a single crystal superalloy. Properties for four materials were studied for the low-expansion layer adjacent to the ceramic. Ingots were produced for these materials, and oxidation, expansion and modulus were determined. A finite element model was used to study effects of varying the FGM layers. Elastic modulus dominated stress generation, and a 20-25% reduction in thermal stress generated within the zirconia layer may be possible.

On April 20th, 2007, Canada's Minister of Public Safety announced the appointment of a Panel charged with the task of reviewing the operations of the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC). . The mandate of the Review Panel was to provide the Minister of Public Safety with advice on a broad range of complex topics that have been problematic for CSC over many years.The Review Panel presented its final report on October 31, 2007. The report entitled “A Roadmap to Strengthening Public Safety”, contains 109 recommendations organized around strengthening five key areas: 1) Offender Accountability; 2) Eliminating Drugs from Prison; 3) Employability / Employment; 4. Physical Infrastructure; and 5. Eliminating Statutory Release; Moving to Earned Parole.The Government officially responded to the Report in Budget 2008, investing $478.8 million over five years to initiate the implementation of a new vision and set the foundation to strengthen the federal correctional system and enable CSC to respond comprehensively to the Panel’s recommendations.Our purpose in writing this report is to subject the Roadmap’s recommendations and CSC's transformation agenda to the kind of scrutiny that such far-reaching changes in the Canadian federal correctional system demands and the Canadian public deserves. Our report is intended to present a counterpoint to the Roadmap, one marked by a review of correctional and legal history, a consideration of the relevant reports of royal commissions, task forces and academic research and an analysis of the human rights standards and jurisprudence applicable to correc-tions, all of which is entirely absent from the Roadmap. On the basis of what we consider a stronger historical and legal foundation, one anchored in an unwavering commitment to human rights in prison, we will discuss the merits, limitations and the true costs for both public safety and human dignity of implementation of the Panel’s recommendations for correctional pro-grams and services. We will show that the Panel's analysis reveals such fundamental misunderstandings and misinterpretation of the Canadian correctional context that both its observations and recommendations are indelibly flawed.The authors, Michael Jackson and Graham Stewart, consider the following issues in their critique of the Review Panel's Roadmap: a) Faulty Premises; Human Rights and Corrections; the Panel’s proposed Amendments to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA); the Nature of Prisoners’ Rights; Conditions of Confinement; Segregation' Gangs; Drugs in Prison; Earned Parole; Employment and Employability; Education; Aboriginal Offenders; Physical Infrastructure and Regional Complexes; and finally, Rhetoric and Reality.The authors conclude the Roadmap was a dangerous exercise in creating major “transformative” policy virtually overnight by a largely unqualified group under a heavy cloud of political expediency. Surely these factors alone warrant that the report be set aside as a failed experiment in public policy. That it was accepted in its entirety without any apparent internal critical review or public consultation as the future for CSC is alarming. The Roadmap seeks to move the Correctional Service of Canada away from an unequivocal commitment to respect and protect the human rights of prisoners as the centerpiece of its operations. It is a flawed moral and legal compass. It points in the wrong direction; a direction that, tragically and inevitably, will bring yet more chapters in an already overburdened history of abuse and mismanagement of correctional authority through disregard of human dignity.

Refractory Metal Intermetallic Composites (RMICs) based on the Nb-Si system are considered as candidates of next-generation high temperature materials (i.e. >1200°C). Ti and Cr have been shown to have beneficial effects on the oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of Nb-Si alloys. Phase equilibria in the Nb-Si-Ti system have been studied in detail. The present study has investigated multiphase equilibria in the Nb-Si-Ti alloys with Cr additions via an approach of integrating thermodynamic modeling with designed experiments. The alloying effects of Cr on the microstructure of the Nb-Si-Ti alloys are described using both phase equilibria and solidification paths that were calculated from the thermodynamic description of the Nb-Cr-Si-Ti system developed in the present study.

There is presently limited information regarding liquid–solid phase equilibria at the metal-rich region of the Nb–Cr–Si system; these data are needed for the development of the Nb-silicide based in situ composites. In the present study a range of metal-rich Nb–Cr–Si alloys with Si concentrations up to 30at.% was carefully selected using a phase diagram that was calculated from the prior developed thermodynamic description of the Nb–Cr–Si system. The as-cast microstructures were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, and electron backscatter diffraction. A new ternary phase Nb9(Cr,Si)5, isostructural with the Nb9Co3Ge2 phase, was identified in the present study. Four primary solidification regions were identified in these alloys: (Nb), Nb9(Cr,Si)5, Nb5Si3, and Cr2Nb(C14). Microstructural and microchemical evidence suggests six invariant reactions on the liquidus surface of the metal-rich region of the Nb–Cr–Si system. At the Nb-rich side there are four invariant reactions: Liquid+Nb3Si→Nb5Si3+(Nb), Liquid+Nb5Si3→Nb9(Cr,Si)5+(Nb), Liquid+Nb5Si3→Nb9(Cr,Si)5+Cr2Nb(C14), and Liquid→Nb9(Cr,Si)5+(Nb)+Cr2Nb(C14). At the Cr-rich side there are two invariant reactions: Liquid+Nb5Si3→Cr2Nb(C14)+Cr3Si and Liquid→(Cr)+Cr2Nb(C14)+Cr3Si.

In Canada over the past 30 years there has been a vigorous controversy as to the measures necessary to ensure that the use of administrative segregation which, in light of its indefinite duration and the severity of the conditions, is the most restrictive form of imprisonment - is consistent with human rights standards and subject to the rule of law. One of these measures is independent adjudication. This article describes the history of independent adjudication in federal corrections, the underlying issues of legal principle and operational reality, and the competing arguments surrounding its implementation for administrative segregation.

Nb-silicide based in-situ composites are promising materials for future high-temperature structural applications. Nb-silicide composites are typically alloyed with Hf, Ti, Cr, and Al to provide a balance of mechanical and environmental properties. A thermodynamic description of the Nb-Cr-Si system has been developed previously in literature based on reported isothermal sections. According to the previously calculated phase diagrams, selected alloys were directionally solidified. The as-solidified microstructures could not be interpreted using the liquidus projection calculated from the existing thermodynamic descriptions. Therefore, an improved thermodynamic description was developed by incorporating the new experimental data.