La presente invention a pour objet un nouveau compose ou un sel de qualite pharmaceutique de ce compose represente par la formule : (1) ou les groupements sont tels que definis dans la description de l'invention. Ledit compose permet ainsi d'obtenir un agent inhibiteur du facteur X active de coagulation sanguine ainsi qu'un nouvel agent anticoagulant pour des applications de type circuit de circulation de sang extracorporelle. La presente invention a en outre pour objet un agent anticoagulant pour circuit de circulation de sang extracorporelle, qui contient au titre de principe actif un inhibiteur selectif de FXa de faible masse moleculaire et de faible duree de vie dans le sang.

An inhibitor of factor Xa (fXa), the m-substituted benzamidine AXC1578 (1a), was structurally modified with the aim of increasing its potency. In particular, pyruvic acid and propionic acid substituents were incorporated into the P1 benzamidine moiety to introduce a favorable interaction with the oxy-anion hole in the catalytic triad region of fXa. This strategy was based on computational docking studies using the extracted active site of fXa. The validity of the computational model was supported by the acquisition of X-ray crystal structures of the 1a-trypsin and 3b-trypsin complexes (the homology around the active sites of fXa and trypsin is high). The above modifications significantly increased the inhibitory activity toward fXa, whereas the high selectivity for fXa versus thrombin was maintained or enhanced. Compounds 3b, 3c, 3e, and 4b are considered to be potential lead compounds for the development of orally active anticoagulant drugs because they demonstrated potent activity when administered orally to cynomolgus monkeys.

To clarify the pathophysiology of tonic spasms, 21 patients with West syndrome were analyzed using ictal and interictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We focused on whether ictal perfusion changes were observed in the focal cortical region. Eight of the patients studied showed definite focal cortical ictal hyperperfusion, indicating that there is a unique subset of West syndrome that can be classified as infantile localization-related epilepsy. Of those eight patients, only two showed asymmetric spasms, suggesting that seizure symptomatology in infants gives only limited information on the localization-related nature of epilepsy. Furthermore, the activation of subcortical structures by focal cortical regions might be attributable to the symmetric seizure phenomena. Thirteen patients showed a diffuse pattern in their ictal SPECTs; this probably included patients with diffuse hyperperfusion and those with no changes. The following have yet to be determined: (1) whether West syndrome is divided into subgroups based on the origin of spasms, in that some patients have the origin in the cortical hemisphere and some have the origin in structures other than the cortical hemisphere, such as the brain stem; (2) whether differences in ictal SPECT patterns reflect a unique nature of tonic spasms in West syndrome, where tonic spasms appear in clusters and the interval of each spasm is different among each patient.

We used interictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on 40 patients with West syndrome to determine whether cortical perfusion abnormalities are closely related to the development of West syndrome and whether they are correlated with the long-term seizure prognosis or the developmental outcome. Localized cortical perfusion abnormalities were seen in 24 patients (60%), while 15 patients (38%) were classified as normal. The remaining patient showed hyperperfusion of the basal ganglia bilaterally. Of 24 patients with localized perfusion abnormalities, unifocal cortical hypoperfusion was present in 11, multifocal hypoperfusion in 10, multiple cortical hypo- and hyperperfusion in one, hyperperfusion of the bilateral frontal cortices and brain stem in one, and focal hyperperfusion in the residual frontal cortex in one. For statistical analysis, we focused on 26 patients (cryptogenic; 10, symptomatic; 16), who were followed for more than 2 years after the onset of tonic spasms (mean 5.0 years). The results showed that focal cortical perfusion abnormalities were not correlated with the long-term seizure prognosis, the developmental outcome, or the response to ACTH therapy. In agreement with previous reports, the results of interictal SPECT suggested that focal cortical lesions play an important role in the development of West syndrome. However, statistical analysis showed that the existence of cortical dysfunction as defined by SPECT did not predict the seizure prognosis or the developmental outcome.

We evaluated the ictal and interictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of 9 patients with West syndrome (WS). In this group, we noted two clear patterns of cortical hyperperfusion and subcortical hyperperfusion in the ictal SPECT. Both patterns were different from the previously documented ictal patterns for complex partial seizures (CPS) or secondarily generalized seizures. Our results suggest that the tonic spasms of WS do not always have a single neurophysiological basis; e.g., patients with hemihypsarrhythmia and focal hypsarrhythmia did not show ictal hyperperfusion of the lesion with hypsarrhythmia. These findings indicate that the origin of hypsarrhythmia as an EEG feature and the origin of tonic spasms may be different in such patients. In particular, hypsarrhythmia appears to originate from cortical lesions, whereas the subcortical structures may be primarily responsible for the tonic spasms. Our report is the first published study of ictal SPECT in patients with WS.

Eine Triazeneinheit als Schlüsselstruktur für die Synthese komplexer Biarylether und eine Suzuki-Kupplung waren die wesentlichen Merkmale beim Aufbau der Vorstufe 1 des Aglycons von Vancomycin, die bereits das vollständige Grundgerüst der Zielverbindung enthält; dabei wurde die Triazen-Methode im Zuge dieser Synthese entwickelt. Die Abspaltung der Triazeneinheit vom D-Ring und die Entfernung der übrigen Schutzgruppen führten dann zum Aglycon von Vancomycin. Diese Strategie sollte sich auch erfolgreich für die Synthese anderer natürlich vorkommender Glycopetid-Antibiotika einsetzen lassen und bietet Möglichkeiten für den Aufbau kombinatorischer Bibliotheken von Verbindungen der Vancomycin-Familie für biologische Studien.

Eine Triazeneinheit als Schlüsselstruktur für die Synthese komplexer Biarylether und eine Suzuki-Kupplung waren die wesentlichen Merkmale beim Aufbau der Vorstufe 1 des Aglycons von Vancomycin, die bereits das vollständige Grundgerüst der Zielverbindung enthält; dabei wurde die Triazen-Methode im Zuge dieser Synthese entwickelt. Die Abspaltung der Triazeneinheit vom D-Ring und die Entfernung der übrigen Schutzgruppen führten dann zum Aglycon von Vancomycin. Diese Strategie sollte sich auch erfolgreich für die Synthese anderer natürlich vorkommender Glycopetid-Antibiotika einsetzen lassen und bietet Möglichkeiten für den Aufbau kombinatorischer Bibliotheken von Verbindungen der Vancomycin-Familie für biologische Studien.

Eine Triazeneinheit als Schlüsselstruktur für die Synthese komplexer Biarylether und eine Suzuki-Kupplung waren die wesentlichen Merkmale beim Aufbau der Vorstufe 1 des Aglycons von Vancomycin, die bereits das vollständige Grundgerüst der Zielverbindung enthält; dabei wurde die Triazen-Methode im Zuge dieser Synthese entwickelt. Die Abspaltung der Triazeneinheit vom D-Ring und die Entfernung der übrigen Schutzgruppen führten dann zum Aglycon von Vancomycin. Diese Strategie sollte sich auch erfolgreich für die Synthese anderer natürlich vorkommender Glycopetid-Antibiotika einsetzen lassen und bietet Möglichkeiten für den Aufbau kombinatorischer Bibliotheken von Verbindungen der Vancomycin-Familie für biologische Studien.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel transformation involving selective formation and cleavage of carbon-carbon bondsMasaru Takayanagi, Nobuharu Umamori, Keiji Tanino, and Isao KuwajimaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 26, 12635–12636Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00079a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00079a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts