The internal environment for the gastric carcinogenesis is not known enough. For evaluating the internal environment, the carcinogenesis of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(NG) is discussed in surgically treated hypoacidic stomach of rat in this report. Vagotomy, fundectomy, pyloroplasty (with vagotomy), gastrointestinal anastomosis (with vagotomy), antrectomy and laparotomy were performed in each groups of Wistar male rats. The 0.005% NG soluted drinking water was given and libitum in each groups during 50 weeks, and then autopsied. The identification of cancer is made by tumor formation and atypical gland growth invasive into submucosal layer. No difference was found in morphology, type, invasiveness, cell atypism, structure atypism and infiltration of the tumor among each group of rats, but difference was found in carcinogenic incidences. The carcinogenic incidence of the vagotomy group is 1.9x higher than the laparotomy group and the fundectomy group 2.0 x higher. Both the incidences of the pyloroplasty, and the gastrointestinal anastomosis group a r e each other 0.6x lower. The incidence of the pyloroplasty with vagotomy group is 0.9x and the gastrointestinal anastomosis with vagotomy group 0.6x lower. The indicence of the antrectomy group is 0.3X lower. The incidence of the pyloroplasty with vagotomy is higher than without vagotomy group. In these data, it is concluted that the hypoacidic stomach is adequate internal environment for the NG gastric carcinogenesis and a function of pylorus sphincter is important for the carcinogenesis.

It has been considered that incarcerated hemorrhoids should be treated conservatively. But, in our openion, the operation followed by conservative treatments seem to have many weak points, such as local infections and thrombophlibitis. Further, conservative treatment force a patient to bear pain.In this paper, good results of the ligature and excision method for the incarcerated hemorrhoids at their painful stage are presented.No complication after the operation of 239 cases occurred. In conclusion, immediate operation by the ligature and excision method should be tried first.

The present study was made to investigate the details of defecation mechanism. The subjects studied were forteen patients who did not suffer from intestinal diseases. For this purpose, 16 mm X ray cinematogram was taken on every patient using barium enema in supine position. A photo-optical measurement was performed on these cinefilms by the use of a film motion analzyer. The results obtained are as follows:1. The distension of the rectal ampulla by increasing the internal pressure was one of the factors giving rise to awareness of the need to evacuate the rectum.2. In the left side colon and rectum, obvious movement was not observed before defecation took place. The colon and rectum went down as a whole toward the pelvic space at the time when defecation started. When distension at the ampulla by intraabdominal pressure exceeded the tension of the anal sphincter, defecation started.3. The transportation of feces in the left side colon was observed during defecation. The main function of the left side colon seems to be storage of feces.