Several methods have been developed for context-based object recognition within aerial imagery. These methods were inspired by human object recognition, which has been shown to rely on contextual information as opposed to classical appearance based methods. While this concept may not be new, this research sought to develop generic methods that leveraged recent developments in cognitive systems research, and more specifically large scale ontologies or knowledge bases. The results of the research have shown that context-based methods, supported by an ontology, can increase recognition rates versus classical appearance based methods. These methods have the potential to automate many complex object recognition tasks, aerial imagery analysis being one of them, that currently require human analysis.

The beta-catenin signal transduction pathway, which can be activated by secreted Wnt proteins, plays a key role in normal embryonic development and in malignant transformation of the mammary gland and colon. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that Wnt and beta-catenin signaling also function in cells of the vasculature. RT-PCR analysis showed that primary endothelial and smooth muscle cell cultures, of both mouse and human origin, express members of the Wnt and Wnt receptor (Frizzled) gene families. Transfection of an expression vector for Wnt-1 into primary endothelial cells increased both the free pool of beta-catenin and the transcription from a Lef/tcf-dependent reporter gene construct. Expression of Wnt-1, but not Wnt-5a, also stimulated proliferation of primary endothelial cell cultures. These data show that Wnt and Frizzled proteins can regulate signal transduction, via beta-catenin, in endothelial cells. These findings suggest that Wnt signaling may feature in normal differentiation of the vasculature as well as in pathological settings where endothelial and smooth muscle proliferation is disturbed.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSequence-Specific Photocleavage of DNA by an Expanded Porphyrin with Irradiation above 700 nmDarren Magda, Meredith Wright, Richard A. Miller, Jonathan L. Sessler, and Petra I. SansomCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 12, 3629–3630Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00117a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00117a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts