BACKGROUND:It is well-established that postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) can lead to adverse clinical outcomes after major cardiovascular operations. The current study was performed to investigate the occurrence of new-onset POAF after successful surgical repair of post-infarction ventricular septal rupture (VSR) and the association between POAF and in-hospital mortality. METHOD:All consecutive patients who followed surgical repair of VSR from two medical centres in China from January 2008 to December 2023 were finally enrolled in this study (n=113). Patients who developed new-onset POAF after VSR repair were assigned to the POAF group, and those who did not develop POAF were assigned to the non-POAF group. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) for in-hospital mortality was derived by logistic regression. Then, multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the risk of POAF, ORs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. RESULTS:POAF was diagnosed in 31.9% (36/113) of this cohort population, and was related to age (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.05-1.07; p<0.001), male sex (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.25-0.66; p=0.034), Killip class III/IV (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.07-1.84; p=0.003), size of VSR (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.26-1.63; p=0.015), systolic pulmonary artery pressure >45 mmHg (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.36-1.92; p=0.001), and operation time (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.12-1.29; p<0.001). Patients with POAF exhibited a significantly higher in-hospital mortality than those without POAF (52.7% vs 19.5%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:POAF following surgical repair of VSR was related to significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality. More careful attention should be given to POAF after surgical repair of VSR. The older female patient who had Killip class III/IV, a larger size of VSR, systolic pulmonary artery pressure >45 mmHg, and experienced longer surgery time was at the highest risk for POAF.

ObjectiveTo investigate the short-term prognosis and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with low ejection fraction.MethodsClinical data were collected from 765 patients who underwent CABG with an ejection fraction of less than 40% between 2019 and 2023 at Anhui Chest Hospital and Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University. The patients were categorized into a in-hospital mortality group (n = 38) and a in-hospital survival group (n = 727), based on whether they died within 30 days post-operation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality. The relationship between these risk factors and the likelihood of in-hospital mortality was assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Additionally, predictive values were evaluated by plotting receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC).ResultsIn-hospital mortality occurred in 38 out of the 765 patients, resulting in an incidence rate of 4.97%. Compared to the survival group, those in the mortality group exhibited significantly higher rates of exploratory thoracotomy, intra-aortic balloon pump usage, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation application, gastrointestinal bleeding incidents, and acute renal failure occurrences. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality included preoperative age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), fasting glucose levels (Glu), and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Conversely, standardized preoperative administration of oral nitrates and aspirin as well as intraoperative utilization of internal mammary arteries emerged as protective factors against in-hospital mortality. ROC analysis revealed predictive efficiencies for age at 68.5%, LVEF at 76.6%, Glu at 60.5%, while eGFR demonstrated a predictive efficiency of 78.1%.ConclusionThe incidence of in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with low ejection fraction is correlated with several factors, including advanced age, LVEF, Glu, eGFR, and the standardized preoperative administration of oral nitrates and aspirin. These findings serve as a guide for enhancing the in-hospital prognosis for this patient population in clinical practice.

Abstract Background conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CCABG) tends to cause severe complications in patients with comorbid Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) and diabetes. On the other hand, the Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (MICS CABG) via transthoracic incision is associated with rapid recovery and reduced complications. Adding to the limited literature, this study compares CCABG and MICS CABG in terms of efficacy and safety. Methods Herein, 104 CCABG and MICS CABG cases (52 cases each) were included. The patients were recruited from the Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Center, Anzhen Hospital, between January 2017 and December 2021 and were selected based on the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) model. The key outcomes included All-cause Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI), Cerebrovascular Events, revascularization, Adverse Wound Healing Events and one-year patency of the graft by coronary CTA. Results Compared to CCABG, MICS CABG had longer surgical durations [4.25 (1.50) h vs.4.00 (1.13) h, P = 0.028], but showed a reduced intraoperative blood loss [600.00 (400.00) mL vs.700.00 (300.00) mL, P = 0.032] and a lower secondary incision debridement and suturing rate (5.8% vs.19.2%, P = 0.038). In follow up, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the cumulative Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCEs) incidence (7.7% vs. 5.9%), all-cause mortality (0 vs. 0), MI incidence (1.9% vs. 2.0%), cerebral apoplexy incidence (5.8% vs. 3.9%), and repeated revascularization incidence (0 vs. 0) (P > 0.05). Additionally, coronary CTA results revealed that the two groups’ one-year graft patency (94.2% vs. 90.2%, P = 0.761) showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion In patients with comorbid CAD and diabetes, MICS CABG and CCABG had comparable revascularization performances. Moreover, MICS CABG can effectively reduce, if not prevent, poor clinical outcomes/complications, including incision healing, sternal infection and prolonged length of stay in diabetes patients.

目的 探讨不同胸骨固定方法对心脏直视手术后胸骨相关并发症的影响.方法 选取2021年于北京市垂杨柳医院及首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心外科行心脏直视手术的成年患者342例.根据不同胸骨固定方法将其分为单股钢丝固定组(n=25)、双股钢丝固定组(n=251)与"8"字钢丝固定组(n=66).比较三组基线资料及患者术后胸骨相关并发症〔包括胸骨哆开(或松动)、胸骨表面或深部感染〕发生情况.结果 三组术后胸骨相关并发症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.742,P=0.008);单股钢丝固定组术后胸骨相关并发症发生率分别高于双股钢丝固定组、"8"字钢丝固定组(P<0.05).结论 单股钢丝"8"字缝合或双股钢丝间断缝合较单股钢丝间断缝合固定胸骨可减少心脏直视手术后胸骨哆开等相关并发症的发生.

Background: Large number of patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) need repeat revascularization yearly, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the optimal treatment strategy for such patients. However, it is still controversial whether PCI of native coronary artery or bypass graft is more beneficial. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical outcomes between native coronary artery vs. bypass graft PCI in patients with prior CABG.Methods: A total of 1,276 patients with prior CABG who underwent index PCI of native coronary artery (n=1,072) or bypass graft (n=204) were retrospectively examined. Patients were divided into native group and graft group according to the target vessel. The outcomes of the two groups were compared by using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and Cox regression analysis. The primary endpoint was the composite of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), which included all-cause death, non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or target vessel revascularization (TVR).Results: Compared with native group, patients in graft group had higher risk of slow-flow/no-reflow phenomenon (1.5% vs. 0.1%, P=0.011 before IPTW, and 2.2% vs. 0.1%, P<0.001 after IPTW) and peri-procedural stroke (0.3% vs. 0, P=0.021 after IPTW). During a median follow-up period of 43 months, there was similar risk of MACCE between two groups. Notably, patients in graft group had a significantly higher incidence of non-fatal MI compared with native group regardless with or without IPTW (7.8% vs. 3.8%, P=0.018 and 8.3% vs. 3.9%, P=0.030, separately). After adjusting for confounding by using Cox regression, bypass graft PCI was associated with a higher risk of non-fatal MI (HR: 2.091, 95% CI: 1.069-4.089; P=0.031), but similar results in MACCE (HR: 1.077, 95% CI: 0.817-1.419; P=0.599) compared with native group.Conclusions: This study found that native coronary artery might be preferred for PCI in patients with prior CABG because of lower rates of slow-flow/no-reflow, peri-procedural stroke, and non-fatal MI at follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to discuss the perioperative effects of obesity on minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and its surgical techniques.METHODS: A total of 582 patients with multivessel lesion who underwent off-pump CABG by our medical group of Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2017 and January 2021 were divided into the minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) group and the conventional group (median sternotomy) according to the surgical method used. The body mass index of the patients was calculated, based on which both groups were divided into obese (=28 kg/m(2)) and non-obese subgroups (<28 kg/m(2)). First, the perioperative data of the obese subgroups of both MICS and conventional groups were compared. Second, the obese and non-obese subgroups were compared in the MICS group.RESULTS: Despite a higher proportion of diabetes in the MICS group, there was no significant difference in preoperative baseline nor in the incidence of major complications within 30 days after surgery between obese subgroups of the MICS and conventional groups. The MICS group had a significantly lower rate of poor wound healing, along with a higher predischarge Barthel Index. Also, the preoperative baseline between the obese and non-obese subgroups of the MICS group exhibited no statistical differences. The obese subgroup had longer postoperative ventilator assistance, while other intraoperative data and postoperative observation indexes exhibited no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: MICS CABG method is safe and feasible for obese patients with multivessel lesion. Minimally invasive surgery is beneficial to wound healing in obese patients. However, it requires a thorough preoperative evaluation and adequate surgical experience and skills.

翻转课堂和微课相结合的模式是当代教育的新型模式,该模式突出学生在教学过程中的主导意识,并具有内容整合化和时间精简化的特点.本篇文章将阐述如何更好的将微课和翻转课堂应用于心脏外科临床教学中,提高心脏外科临床医学生的临床实践能力.探索该新型教学模式在心脏外科教学中的最佳方式和最佳应用途径,最终达到提高临床医学生的实践能力和提高临床医学教育质量的目的.

Background This study was designed to compare early outcomes associated with coronary artery bypass grafting for multi-vessel disease conducted using either minimally invasive or conventional off-pump techniques. Methods From January 2017 through January 2021, 582 patients with multi-vessel lesion coronary artery disease underwent either minimally invasive cardiac surgery coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) or conventional off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) treatment by our team at Anzhen Hospital. Patients in the MICS CABG group were propensity score-matched with those in the OPCABG at a 1:1 ratio (MICS CABG = 172; OPCABG = 172), using epidemiological data, preoperative clinical characteristics, and SYNTAX score as covariates. Perioperative outcomes and 6-month computed tomography angiography findings were compared between these groups. Results No significant differences between groups were observed with respect to 30-day postoperative mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke incidence. Surgical data indicated that the MICS CABG procedure was able to cover all three main arterial territories with a relatively low need for circulatory assistance. The MICS CABG procedure was associated with a longer operative duration, but was also associated with higher postoperative hemoglobin and activities of daily living index values as well as a shorter duration of postoperative hospitalization (P < 0.05). No differences in 6-month graft patency were observed between groups. Conclusions MICS CABG is a safe, less invasive alternative to OPCABG when performing complete revascularization provided patients are properly selected, yielding similar in-hospital outcomes and 6-month graft patency rates together with an earlier return of physical function.

Objective:The perioperative and early follow-up data of the simultaneous hybrid CAS+ OPCABG and sequential CAS+ OPCABG were compared to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the simultaneous CAS+ OPCABG.Methods:A total of 26 patients with coronary heart disease complicated with carotid artery stenosis received CAS plus OPCABG hybrid surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to July 2021, among which 12 patients received simultaneous CAS+ OPCABG and 14 patients received staged sequential CAS+ OPCABG.The perioperative and postoperative follow-up data of 3 months were compared and analyzed.Results:There were no significant differences in the operation time, drainage on the first day after surgery, ventilator assisted time and ICU time between the two groups.The amount of intraoperative blood loss in the simultaneous group was more than that in the staged group, but no secondary thoracotomy occurred in both groups. The number of days in hospital after operation was significantly less in the simultaneous group. There was 1 case of perioperative cerebral infarction and 1 case of myocardial infarction in the staged group, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups. There was no new cerebral infarction in the two groups, carotid artery ultrasound stent was unobstructed, and there was no statistical difference in cardiac function grading and left ventricular ejection fraction 3 months after operation.Conclusion:Simultaneous CAS+ OPCABG surgery is safe and feasible, it is recommended as the first choice especially for patients with severe myocardial ischemiaor severe left main artery disease caused.How to reduce the risk of bleeding and alleviat carotid sinus reflex are major issues that need to be concerned.

Objective:To investigate the influence of the complexity of coronary artery disease based on SYNTAX score(SS) on the effect of minimally invasive or conventional bypass surgery.Methods:From January 2017 to January 2020, the medical group of the Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital received a total of 760 patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting(OPCABG) surgery, including 596 males and 164 females. 28-85 years old, with an average of(60.88±9.36) years old. 379 cases underwent minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting(MICS CABG)(minimally invasive group) and 381 cases underwent median thoracotomy CABG(conventional group). In this study, according to the SS, patients of both groups were divided into 3 levels, and then the perioperative data of the two sets of high, medium, and low score intervals were compared respectively, and a preliminary analysis of the perioperative data for patients in each SS score section was performed.Results:There was no significant difference in the SS value between the minimally invasive group and the conventional group in the three intervals. There was no statistical difference in preoperative data including age, sex ratio, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, abnormal head CT history, lung disease, history of tobacco and alcohol. The number of minimally invasive bypasses in the three groups was significantly less than that of the conventional group. The duration of minimally invasive surgery in the SS low score group was similar to that of conventional surgery, and the duration of minimally invasive surgery in the SS medium and high score group was longer than that in the conventional group. The hospital stay in the SS low and middle score group was less than that of the conventional group. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of MACCE and auxiliary equipment implantation in the 30-day perioperative period.Conclusion:In the same grade of SS group, there is no significant difference on the perioperative clinical effect between conventional CABG or MICS CABG group. The complexity of coronary artery disease is not the decisive basis for choosing minimally invasive or conventional bypass.

Objective To conduct a comparative analysis of the complications and outcomes in pregnant women with and without congenital heart disease (CHD) in Beijing, China. Methods We compared pregnancy-related complications and outcomes experienced by women with and without CHD throughout 19,424 deliveries in Beijing Anzhen Hospital between 2010 and 2019, including cardiovascular and obstetric factors, fetal events, delivery methods, and other complications over a mean 5-years post-delivery follow-up period. Results There were 1,040 women with CHD (5.35% of all deliveries). Compared to women without CHD, these women had longer hospital stays (7.83 ± 4.65 vs. 4.93 ± 3.26 days) and a higher death rate (1.92 vs. 0.02%). They also had a greater risk of comorbidities, including pre-term delivery (odds ratio: 13.65 vs. 6.71), heart failure (odds ratio: 4.90 vs. 0.40), and arrhythmia (odds ratio 12.69 vs. 4.69). Pulmonary hypertension, New York Heart Association functional class III~IV, and no congenital heart disease surgery prior to pregnancy were associated with adverse events such as cesarean section, pre-term delivery, and heart failure. The fetuses of mothers with CHD were more likely to be born pre-term (odds ratio: 13.65 vs. 6.71) and have low birth weight (odds ratio: 8.56 vs. 4.36). Eleven infants (1.82%) born to mothers with CHD and four infants (0.64%) born to mothers without CHD were diagnosed with CHD. Conclusions Women with CHD generally increase maternal and infant risk during pregnancy and the perinatal period. Pulmonary hypertension, decrease in cardiac function, and no previous CHD surgery increase the risk in women with CHD. Greater attention should be paid to pregnant women with CHD and their fetuses, newborns.

AbstractAs pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PAH‐CHD) may increase maternal and fetal risk, this study explored the pregnancy outcomes of Chinese women with PAH‐CHD. The clinical data of pregnant women with PAH‐CHD admitted to the Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed; these patients and their offspring were followed up, with a mean period of 5.9 ± 2.7 years. Overall, 260 patients with PAH‐CHD were included. The mean maternal age was 27.7 ± 4.1 years, and 205 (78.8%) patients were nulliparous. The estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 40–50 mmHg in 34.6% of the patients, 50–70 mmHg in 23.1%, and >70 mmHg in 42.3%. More than 96% of patients were diagnosed with PAH‐CHD before pregnancy. During pregnancy, heart failure occurred in 19.2% of the patients. Cesarean delivery was performed in 88.1% (15.0% emergency) of the patients. Complications included fetal distress (5.8%), preterm delivery (34.2%), and low birth weight (33.8%). A total of 15 mothers (5.8%) died, with the highest mortality rate in those with Eisenmenger syndrome (10/43, 23.3%), and 10 offspring died (3.8%), two (0.8%) following hospital discharge and eight (3.1%) while in hospital. Although most pregnant women with PAH‐CHD were able to have children, PAH increased the maternal and fetal risk. Thus, an individualized risk‐based approach with shared decision‐making may be more appropriate in pregnant women with PAH‐CHD.

Objective:To explore the perioperative effect of radial artery as a sequential graft in coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).Methods:The clinical data and perioperative complications of 109 patients, who underwent radial artery(RA) or great saphenous vein(SVG) as a sequential graft during CABG from April 2020 to December 2020 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, were analyzed, there were 86 males and 23 females, aged from 39 to 79 years, with an average of(61.1±8.0)years old. According to the graft materials, they were divided into the RA group(n=47) and SVG group(n=62).Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, gender, comorbidities, echocardiographic results, transplant vascular indexes, coronary angiography results, and operation methods(on-pump or off-pump, use of left internal mammary artery, number and distribution of distal anastomoses)( P>0.05). There were also no significant difference between the two groups in ICU stay, postoperative hospital stay and drainage with 24 hours after CABG( P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative cerebrovascular events, postoperative infection and secondary thoracotomy in the RA group were higher than that in the SVG group. The incidence of myocardial infarction, postoperative ventricular arrhythmia and postoperative IABP assistance in the SVG were higher than that in the RA group, but the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). Conclusion:The application of radial artery as a sequential graft during CABG does not increase the risk of perioperative complications, and the patients recover smoothly.

目的:本研究旨在探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后1年内患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的临床特征和随访结果.方法:分析总结既往在北京安贞医院接受CABG且随后1年内接受PCI的121例患者的临床数据,并进行随访.结果:患者平均年龄为60.71岁,男性占71.9％,合并糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症和吸烟史等冠心病危险因素比例高.81.0％的患者有桥血管病变.在有桥血管病变的患者98例(82.7％)中,74.5％的患者桥血管闭塞.53.7％的患者原位血管为C型病变;45.5％的患者原位血管有慢性完全闭塞病变;9.9％的患者有弥漫性病变;36.4％的患者有分支累及病变.90.9％的患者接受了单纯的原位血管PCI,68.5％的支架为第一代药物洗脱支架.中位随访时间为5.61年,5.0％的患者死于心脏性死亡,13.2％的患者患有心力衰竭,其次是心肌梗死(12.4％)和中风(3.3％).24.0％的患者在PCI术后再次接受了以支架置入为主的血运重建.结论:CABG术后1年接受PCI治疗的患者,90.9％仅在原位血管接受PCI,长期结果显示,MACCE事件的发生率较高,包括心肌梗死、心力衰竭和血运重建.

Background:This present research was designed for comparing coronary artery disease (CAD) patient outcomes following minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (MICS) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods:From 2014-2017, 679 CAD patients underwent MICS (n=281) or CABG (n=398) and were evaluated for the present study. Patient data were analyzed using 1:1 propensity score-matched assessment and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, and primary study achievements comprised major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death, heart failure (HF), revascularization, and stroke. The median follow-up period was 2.68 years.Results:CABG patients exhibited a trend towards higher cumulative overall rates of MACCEs at 2 years (CABG: 6.2% vs. MICS: 3.8%) and 4 years (CABG: 9.3% vs. MICS: 7.6%) [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-5.39 for CABG vs. MICS; P=0.687], although this difference was not significant. No significant differences in 2- or 4-year cardiac death rates were observed between groups (CABG: 3.5%, 5.6% vs. MICS 2.8%, 2.8%; adjusted HR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.03-1.81 for CABG vs. MICS; P=0.160). Further, there existed no discrepancies in rates of MI (P=1.000), HF (adjusted HR: 4.76; 95% CI: 0.01-6.40 for CABG vs. MICS; P=0.996), stroke (adjusted HR: 9.58; 95% CI: 0.11-25.24 for CABG vs. MICS; P=0.320), or repeated revascularization (adjusted HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.01-7.21 for CABG vs. MICS; P=0.631) when comparing these patient groups. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, patients that were male (adjusted HR: 5.28; 95% CI: 1.48-18.83; P=0.010) and cases with a history of previous MI epsiodes (adjusted HR: 3.20; 95% CI: 1.09-9.37; P=0.034) were found to be at a higher risk of MACCEs.Conclusions:Follow-up data indicated that the MICS and CABG treatments could achieve similar outcomes.

目的:分析老年冠心病患者接受冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术的临床特征和疗效.方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月,北京安贞医院微创心脏外科中心治疗的787例老年冠心病患者临床资料,并进行随访,包括主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)、心源性死亡、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、中风和血运重建,以及患者术后服药情况.结果:患者平均随访时间为3.1年.随访结果显示患者2、4、6和8年无心源性死亡事件的生存率分别为97.3％、94.2％、93.9％、89.0％.发生MACCE(6.4％)、心源性死亡3.9％、心肌梗死0.3％、心力衰竭0.4％,部分患者接受了 PCI再血管化治疗(0.6％).患者冠心病二级预防药服用率较低,尤其是他汀类药物(63.8％)和阿司匹林(89.8％).结论:老年冠心病患者接受非体外CABG术的中远期疗效较好.老年患者术后服药依从性较差,需要定期指导合理用药.

目的 探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术（coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG）后症状复发患者的冠状动脉造影特征。方法 回顾性分析北京安贞医院2010—2020年997例CABG术后症状复发患者的临床资料，其中男762例、女235例，平均年龄（62.41±8.70）岁。结果 有高血压、糖尿病、吸烟史等危险因素患者的比例较高。动脉桥血管病变占27.44%，静脉桥血管病变占54.40%;240例（24.07%）患者桥血管全部通畅。病变桥血管以慢性完全闭塞病变为主（79.57%）。CABG术后大多数患者的原位血管病变程度较术前增加。674例（67.60%）患者与缺血区相关的原位血管病变以C型病变为主。CABG术后症状复发的患者多为桥血管和原位血管共同病变的结果（525例，52.66%）。结论 CABG术后症状复发患者的桥血管状况比我们预期的更糟。大多数患者CABG术后症状复发是由桥血管和原位血管共同病变引起。CABG术后原位血管病变继续发展。

目的 评价基于问题的学习法(problem-based learning,PBL)在心脏外科临床教学应用的效果.方法 将2019年7月—2019年11月期间参加心脏外科实习的本科生共90人,随机分为传统教学组和PBL组,各组45人.实习结束后由教育处进行课程满意度调查及临床考核,比较两种教学法的教学效果.结果 PBL组在学习互动、知识获取和医患沟通方面满意度均高于传统教学组,且有统计学差异(P<0.05);PBL组在学习兴趣和解决问题满意度高于传统教学组,但统计学差异不明显.PBL组学生理论考试、基临床技能及病例分析平均得分显著高于传统教学组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PBL教学法在心脏外科教学中具有显著优势,值得推广应用.

To prepare a tissue-engineered pulmonary valved conduit (PVC) with good tensile strength and biocompatibility. Sixty adult porcine PVCs were used to determine the optimal decellularization time. Five juvenile porcine decellularized PVCs and five juvenile porcine crosslinked PVCs were subsequently prepared according to the optimized decellularization and crosslinking methods. All PVCs were implanted into juvenile sheep for 8 months and then were harvested for staining. With a low concentration of detergent (0.25% Triton X-100+0.25% sodium deoxycholate), the decellularization effect on porcine PVCs was complete by 24 hours, and there was minimal damage to the matrix. Gelatin embedding and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) crosslinking improved the biomechanical properties of decellularized PVCs and reduced their immunogenicity. After implantation, the diameter and thickness of the PVCs in the decellularized and crosslinked groups increased significantly. In both groups, the conduits were unobstructed, with soft and smooth inner walls and without thrombosis, ulceration or neoplasia. The valves slightly degenerated with mild to moderate regurgitation. CD31-positive endothelial cells were visible on the inner surface of the conduits and valves. Scattered smooth muscle actin-positive cells were found in the middle layer of the conduit. The percentage of CD4- and CD68-positive cells and the calcium content were highest in decellularized porcine PVCs and lowest in ovine PVCs. The percentage of the matrix that was laminin-positive in decellularized and crosslinked porcine PVCs was lower than it was in ovine PVCs. Gelatin-embedded and EDC-crosslinked porcine PVCs can be "hosted" in sheep, with good biocompatibility, growth potential, and reduced calcification.

Background: Reduction in L-type Ca2+ current (I-Ca,I-L) density is a hallmark of the electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF). The expression of miR-155, whose predicted target gene is the alpha 1c subunit of the calcium channel (CACNA1C), was upregulated in atrial cardiomyocytes (aCMs) from patients with paroxysmal AF.The study is to determine miR-155 could target the gene expression of I-Ca,I-L and contribute to electrical remodeling in AF. Methods: The expression of miR-155 and CACNA1C was assessed in aCMs from patients with paroxysmal AF and healthy control. I-Ca,I-L properties were observed after miR-155 transfection in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived atrial cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-aCMs). Furthermore, an miR-155 transgene (Tg) and knock-out (KO) mouse model was generated to determine whether miR-155 was involved in I-Ca,I-L-related electrical remodeling in AF by targeting CACNA1C. Results: The expression level of miR-155 was increased, while the expression level of CACNA1C reduced in the aCMs of patients with AF. miR-155 transfection in hiPSC-aCMs produced changes in I-Ca,I-L properties qualitatively similar to those produced by AF. miR-155/Tg mice developed a shortened action potential duration and increased vulnerability to AF, which was associated with decreased I-Ca,I-L and attenuated by an miR-155 inhibitor. Finally, the genetic inhibition of miR-155 prevented AF induction in miR-155/KO mice with no changes in I-Ca,I-L properties. Conclusions: The increased miR-155 expression in aCMs was sufficient for the reduction in the density of I-Ca,I-L and the underlying electronic remodeling. The inhibition of miR-155 prevented I-Ca,I-L-related electric remodeling in AF and might constitute a novel anti-AF approach targeting electrical remodeling.