In this paper, two controllers have been used to compare the off-board electric vehicle charger (EVC). Generally, two stages of conversion have been used in EV chargers, i.e., AC-DC-AC converters. The first stage controller has two loops, i.e., the inner and the outer control loop. The outer control loop is quite slow and is utilized to track the power or voltage command. The faster inner loop is used for controlling the grid current. The controlling of grid current can be done either in the dq or abc frames. In this study the dq frame has been used to control current. The regular proportional integral (PI) controller is utilized due to its capability to track the DC quantity. Whereas, in the abc frame, a proportional resonant (PR) controller has been used due to its capability to track the periodic signal of fixed frequency. Therefore, this paper presents a comparative study of current control design for the first stage of AC-DC-AC converters, focusing on both AC and DC quantities. Both PI and PR controllers have been simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

An efficient and secure transportation system is critical and imperative for the development of a country. In modern societies the transport system can be expected to be easy, safe and effective. Most collision avoidance frameworks are right now being researched and dependent on street vehicles or inter-vehicle communication. Such organizations are dependent on the vehicle, thereby limiting its compliance with the production of vehicles equipped with the right technologies. In this work, the Emergency Situation Prediction Mechanism (ESPM) framework has been developed and validated to predict the likelihood of a road accident (WSN) for detection and warning information for drivers to prevent accidents. ESPM performs three stages such as reporting, monitoring and prediction in times of emergency. Within the ESPM, the correct prediction is calculated against the vehicle density in three dissimilar states. In these three visualizations, it can be seen that the small gap between assessment and modeling is not analytical results. The results show that the working of the ESPM has increased the reliably towards the prospect. The accuracy of the ESPM prediction on vehicle density is nearly 98 percent in all three scenarios. ESPM framework has been designed and validated for traffic accident prediction and this is considered as the basis for traffic accident prevention methods.

In Demand Side Management (DSM) systems have become predominant in both industrial and domestic applications. Basically, these systems help the customers to utilize electricity more efficiently. Using a priority table, commercial DSM systems choose the instantaneous load power request. In this article, an intelligent system is proposed to manage the loads at customer load points and thereby making optimal power flow across different nodes in the distribution network. The proposed system consists of smart meters installed at consumer load premises to which all the loads consumer network are connected individually. Along with this process, a procedure which enables the power flow along different node paths in the distribution network to be optimized thereby avoiding load shedding in the distribution network.

In recent years, renewable energy sources (RES) is the mostly capable system for power generation. In this paper, study and performance to maintain the unity power factor & also reduce harmonics current at PCC in the distributed generation resources system (DGR). The battery systems also provide quick response & the performance under the variations of voltage stability. First, modelings of the system components are discussed. Then, to develop the effective of control strategy is to manage the power flow equally AC & DC sides. Thus importance of Power management system is discussed and the overall reliability and efficiency of the power grid. However, there is some limitation for combination of HPS to be grid interfaced as well as stand-alone mode due to lack of simultaneous of the resources its intermittent property.

Now days, the renewable energy sources (RES) are the most accomplished system for power generation. In this paper, focus on FPGA based digital controller for the grid connected DG system. The study and performance analysis of grid-connected PV system as follows to improve the efficiency of the grid system and to extract the maximum power. This work is designed & development of FPGA. The DC power and battery capture on the DC bus system we have maintained the unity power factor and harmonics current in the DG system. The bi-directional battery systems also provide quick response & the performance under the variable DC voltage. Then, to develop the effectiveness control strategy is to manage the power flow equally AC & DC sides. This system simulated in MTTLAB Tools and FPGA System.

In this paper, focus on FPGA based digital controller. The hybrid system is improving the system efficiency and to extract DC power from solar PV modules. The DC load is connected for if load demand is required then we have connected to the load. In this study, the MPPT controller is designed for the charge and discharge mode based on analysis of the converter. In these paper the grid connected PV system is developed on FPGA-based MPPT controller. Then, to develop the effective of control strategy is to manage the power flow equally AC & DC sides. This system simulated in MTTLAB Tools and FPGA System.

Back EMF detection is important aspect of the sensorless control of BLDC motor. In this paper, the BEMF detection using FPGA based digital low pass filtering of the line to line voltage using Least Pth-norm IIR filter has been realized. Lower switches of the legs are fed with PWM and upper switches are fundamentally controlled. The HON_LPWM strategy is used for the speed control as well as for the BEMF detection. Various quantities, e.g., percentage current ripple, current magnitude, line to line back EMF, speed, and switching signals were analyzed for the case of varying voltage with fixed duty as well as for varying duty cycles with fixed DC voltage. It has been analyzed that the back EMF detection with this method has some limitations on duty cycle because intermittent up and down peaks in filtered BEMF waveform become high as we increase or decrease duty out of certain band. During the implementation of BEMF based sensorless techniques, these up and down peaks in BEMF waveforms have to be removed. For this, further improved filtering has to be searched so as to assure proper wave shaping with least delays in line to line BEMF zero crossings for sensorless application. Whole system has been implemented using Xilinx based System Generator using Vivado 2014.4 design suite for FPGA based programming in connection with MATLAB/Simulink and WAVECT controller. Simulation results and hardware results have been verified.

Nowadays, power demand is increasing day by day and also ageing of the networks makes the system difficult for power flow control through the transmission lines. The voltage variation in transmission line should be limited which is due to the load changes; these problems are solved by using FACTS devices. A new device has been introduced called distributed power flow converter (DPFC), where distributed FACTS concept is utilized and common DC-link has been removed as present in the UPFC, and transmission line is used for the exchange of real powers between shunt and series converters. In this paper proposed carrier-less hysteresis band control (HBC) method has been used for controlling the pulses in series and shunt converters individually. The DPFC has same controllability as of the UPFC; a DPFC requires multiple numbers of one-phase series converters in place of a three-phase series converter of large rating. DPFC with single-phase series converters reduces cost and increasing reliability of the power; the whole research is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Now-a-days, due to the integration of wind network is existing grid the fault current levels are increasing day-by-day. The SFCL is the most probable device to rapidly limit the fault current and also provides reliable operation to the system under the fault condition. Due to this, it enhances protection device capacity also overall system stability and reliability. A resistive type SFCL is used for DFIG based WES for limiting the fault current is proposed. Basically, analyze and performance of designed SFCL by applying in a simple 3-φ transmission line system. The simulated SFCL model is implemented in a DFIG Based Wind Energy System, a 3-φ to ground fault current limiting scenario is explored for wind farm based network, a 10 MVA capacity of wind farm used for simulation purpose.

this paper presents the main integration of wind turbine and hydraulic turbine generation to improve the power quality. The voltage is maintained at PCC with the help of STATCOM designed for reactive power compensation for better performance. The generation of both power plant real and reactive powers is connected at PCC. The STATCOM controller has been used for controlling the reactive power, through PI controller to maintain the voltage at PCC in the wind connected power system. To observe the effect of STATCOM on voltage profile of various nodes of the system, the proposed system is verified through MATLAB/ SIMULINK.

Now a days, the power distribution between RES and load through a storage backup system to balance the load using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in Wind/PV/FC/battery system is discussed. The dynamic model consists of PV, FC, storage system, converters and controllers for ensuring the continuous power supply for load demand. The proposed hybrid control strategy for hybrid renewable energy with wind, solar power, FC and battery system are proposed in grid connected hybrid system. The proposed control strategy is performed under random solar insolation and temperature, to obtain maximum power by using ANFIS at different conditions. The main aim of this paper is to maintain constant DC bus voltage, analyze and study the improvements in power flow in HPS.

Now a days, the renewable energy sources based on wind energy is one of the most accomplished system. The operation and control of the grid side converter of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to wind turbine to improve the power flow control, stator and rotor control is achieved during unbalance load conditions, the RSC and GSC that are connected back-to-back through a dc-link capacitor. In standalone PV/Wind sources cannot generate power round the clock and all over the year. Due to this reason balance load power is necessary to add battery bank/FC to the generating system. The proposed system is Power Flow Control and Power Quality Improvement in DFIG Based Wind Energy Conversion System Using Neuro Fuzzy System, the phase locked loop (PLL) is synchronized to a reference frequency generated inside the system. The proposed load/battery management system regulates the battery set points for improvement in the performance. The supercapacitor based storage system is used for balance the load at intermittent conditions to satisfy above features. The whole research work and analysis has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for DFIG based on WECS.

Now a days, the most important part of the DFIG technology at wind power generation systems. The power generation processes the capability of riding through the grid. The performance of the GSC of DFIG connected WT to develop the PFC is achieved during unbalance load conditions with an AC-DC-AC power converter. The proposed system is FPGA Based Power Flow Control of GSC of DFIG based WES. The power conversion is also operational with AC to DC to AC PWM converters combined during a DC-link voltage. A generated reference frequency is synchronized with PLL. FPGA is used for designing the controller of PLL.

In this paper is to performance and analysis of grid connected power flow control and power quality improvement in distribution generation (DG) system a new topology of harmonic injection current, connected for a grid mode and DC motor drive. Inherently the system power factor is low and it has high harmonic content in the current. The Swiss rectifier is based on harmonic current injection methods on power flow control and implementation of Power factor correction (PFC), Rectifier, the harmonic mitigating pulse width modulation (PWM) technique have been used to reduce the harmonics for power quality improvement. The renewable sources have been used as DC source and control technique has been used with step up DC-DC converter to regulate DC-link voltage. The second close loop control has been done for voltage source inverter to stabilize its terminal voltage. The DC-AC converter provides the bidirectional power flow between point of common coupling (PCC) and local load. The step up converter regulates the DC link voltage to exchange the power with the three phase feeders, also it is conformed the harmonic current can be satisfied with the proposed method. The simulation Study is performed in MATLAB/ SIMULINK.

In this paper is to performance the analysis of grid integrated the solar photovoltaic system by using Marx multilevel inverter in different environmental conditions. In multilevel inverters, there are three basic types of topologies used, commonly diode clamped inverter (neutral point clamped), capacitor clamped (flying capacitor) and cascaded H-bridge inverter. Among this all inverters, the Marx multilevel inverter gives better performance of low voltage and current THD. The number of voltage levels is arbitrarily chosen in Marx multilevel inverter, without using of transformer the output voltage of the inverter can reach high level. In addition, due to the step characteristic, the output voltage can be almost sinusoidal which results decrease the size and cost of the filter. The control modulation method for the grid integration of Marx multilevel inverter has been chosen and implemented. Finally, the topologies are implemented using MATLAB.

In this paper, the performance of proposed Direction Independent U-function based sensorless controlled brushless DC motor has been analyzed. The proposed U-function based virtual hall sensor has the good control characteristics as compared with the real solid state hall sensors. Analysis of the proposed method has been done with the view point of position estimation error, speed estimation error, dynamic tracking response with different observer gains and speed accuracy. The simulation studies have been carried out with different speed and load torque references. U-function based virtual hall sensing provides the commutation positions which is the exact replication of the actual solid state hall sensor and provides excellent control over all four quadrants with added sensitivity at starting and reversal. The proposed method has excellent sustainability in the vibration and load disturbance togetherwith the step load changes. The method has added stability for both directions of rotation.

Now a days, the renewable energy sources based on wind energy is one of the most accomplished system. In this paper, an operation and control of the grid side converter of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to wind turbine to improve the power flow control, stator and rotor control is achieved during unbalance load conditions, the RSC and GSC that are connected back-to-back through a dc-link capacitor. The proposed system is DFIG based on wind energy system using FPGA, is synchronized to phase locked loop (PLL) to a reference frequency generated inside the system. The supercapacitor based storage system is used for balance the load at intermittent conditions to satisfy above features. The whole research work and analysis has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

Now a days, Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is emerged as one of the most accomplished fault current limiter (FCL) In this Paper, a Novel Flux lock type Superconducting FCL in a wind energy system applications is limiting the fault current in wind energy system. The proposed Resistive and flux lock type based super conducting FCLS have improved performance in terms of current limitation is reduced. Superconducting FCLs appears as an excellent FCL which tends to satisfy above features. The whole research work and analysis has been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for isolated wind energy system.