We investigate the substructure of jets produced in photoproduction events with center-of-mass energies √(s) = 30–140 GeV at the proposed Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). Events are generated using PYTHIA and contributions from direct and resolved photoproduction subprocesses are analyzed at different center-of-mass energies. Jets are reconstructed using longitudinally invariant k_T algorithm within the FastJet framework. Substructure of quark- and gluon-initiated jets in the selected di-jet photoproduction sample is studied in detail by using jet-shape variables. Predictions for subjet multiplicities and integrated jet shapes are presented in the gluon-initiated and quark-initiated jets. These results demonstrate the feasibility of distinguishing quark and gluon jets in the photo-production events at the EIC and provide a baseline for further QCD studies.

We analyze hadronic final states of e+e-annihilation through event shape observables, Thrust and C-parameter, and inclusive hadron spectra at the planned center-of-mass (c.m.) energies of the Future Circular Electron-Positron Collider (FCC-ee). Collision data is produced using Monte Carlo event generation in PYTHIA at 91.2, 160, 240, and 365 GeV. Distortions of event shapes due to initial-state photon radiation and background decays of Z pairs, W pairs, top-quark pairs, and Higgs bosons are investigated. An extraction of the strong coupling alpha s is performed by fitting event shape distributions to perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predictions at next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) accuracy, and the sources of systematic uncertainties at high c.m. energies are discussed. Soft gluon dynamics is examined through charged particle multiplicities and momentum distributions, and energy evolution of mean values is compared with prior experimental results. The inferences from this phenomenological study provide a reference to QCD studies at future high-energy e+e-colliders.

In comparisons of precision collider data to the most accurate highest-order calculations in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD), it is required to correct for nonperturbative effects. Such effects are typically studied using Monte Carlo event generators that complement fixed-order predictions with perturbative parton showers and models for the nonperturbative effects of the Underlying Event and hadronisation. Thereby, the final state of collision events can be predicted at the level of stable particles, which serve as input for full detector simulations. This article investigates the impact of nonperturbative effects on two processes that may be used for precision determinations of the strong coupling constant and the proton structure: the triple-differential dijet and Z+jet production. While nonperturbative effects impact both processes, significant differences among them are observed and further investigated. Indications are found that the Underlying Event and hadronisation cannot fully explain these differences and the perturbative modelling may play a significant role as well.

In proton-proton (pp) interactions at high energies, the shape of an event defined by the distribution of particle momenta is an effective tool for probing the underlying event topology. This study looks at event shape observables, namely transverse sphericity, sphericity, aplanarity etc. to check how they vary with the jet production. We use PYTHIA simulations to assess proton-proton collision data at center-of-mass energies of 7, 13.6 and 27 TeV. This study intends to provide insight into the efficacy of transverse sphericity, sphericity and aplanarity as a discriminator in different energy regimes, with implications for jet topology studies in future high energy experiments.

Using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, the $\Lambda_\text{b}^0$ $\to$ J/$\psi\Xi^-$K$^+$ decay is observed for the first time, with a statistical significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The relative branching fraction, with respect to the $\Lambda_\text{b}^0$ $\to$ $\psi$(2S)$\Lambda$ decay, is measured to be $\mathcal{B}$($\Lambda_\text{b}^0$ $\to$ J/$\psi\Xi^-$K$^+$)/$\mathcal{B}$( $\Lambda_\text{b}^0$ $\to$ $\psi$(2S)$\Lambda$) = [3.38 $\pm$ 1.02 $\pm$ 0.61 $\pm$ 0.03]%, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is related to the uncertainties in $\mathcal{B}$($\psi$(2S) $\to$ J/$\psi\pi^+\pi^-$) and $\mathcal{B}$($\Xi^-$ $\to$ $\Lambda\pi^-$).

Jets are studied in photoproduction produced ep collisions at the proposed EIC energies, √(s) = 30–140 GeV. The contribution of the photoproduction sub-processes, direct and resolved, are studied separately. The data is generated using the event generators, PYTHIA8. The jets are reconstructed using the longitudinally invariant kT-algorithm in the standalone software package FASTJET3. The substructure of the gluon-and-quark-initiated jets is studied and predictions are made for the sub-jet multiplicities in the two sub-processes. Comparison of the jet shapes in gluon versus quark jets is presented in terms thick and thin jets.

A multi-TeV muon collider offers a spectacular opportunity in the direct exploration of the energy frontier. Offering a combination of unprecedented energy collisions in a comparatively clean leptonic environment, a high energy muon collider has the unique potential to provide both precision measurements and the highest energy reach in one machine that cannot be paralleled by any currently available technology. The topic generated a lot of excitement in Snowmass meetings and continues to attract a large number of supporters, including many from the early career community. In light of this very strong interest within the US particle physics community, Snowmass Energy, Theory and Accelerator Frontiers created a cross-frontier Muon Collider Forum in November of 2020. The Forum has been meeting on a monthly basis and organized several topical workshops dedicated to physics, accelerator technology, and detector R D. Findings of the Forum are summarized in this report.

Study of canonical entropy in electron -proton interactions at root s =300 GeV is presented. The precision data collected by the H1 experiment at the HERA in different ranges of invariant hadronic mass W and the squared four -momentum exchange Q2 in electron -proton oep thorn interactions have been analyzed in the ensemble theory approach. The canonical partition function relates to the multiplicity distribution which is often studied in collider experiments. We use the canonical ensemble partition function to explore the dynamics of hadron production in ep interactions by devising different methods to find the entropic parameter and the collision temperature. The inverse slope of the transverse momentum spectrum of produced hadrons also relates to the temperature. In the recent past, the CMS, ATLAS, and ALICE experiments at the LHC have studied the charged hadron transverse momentum and particle distributions in proton -proton and proton -nucleus interactions by using the Tsallis function within this approach. A detailed investigation into the role of the system volume and relation amongst different dynamical parameters reveals interesting results.

Studies of the jet substructure and subject multiplicity in positron-proton neutral current (NC) deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) for Q^2 > 125 GeV ^2 are presented, for three center of mass energies, √(s) = 63.2, 104.9 and 141 GeV. Data are simulated by using two Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA 8.304 and RAPGAP 3.308. Jets and subjets are produced by using longitudinally invariant k_T and anti- k_T cluster algorithms. Various jet radii are implemented to study the jet substructure and the subjet multiplicity. The subjet multiplicities are also studied at different values of jet-resolution scale.

Analysis of normalized C moments of multiplicity distribution calculated from the different phenomenological models, the Bialas-Praszalowics (BP) model, modified negative binomial and the superposed shifted Gompertz distribution at different center of mass (cms) energies is presented. The analysis covers a range of energies (200-900 GeV) of pp collisions in restricted phase space slices. A comparison of different models to the experimental data on charged particle multiplicity spectra from the pp annihilation in five pseudorapidity windows is reported. The comparison shows that the two approaches other than the BP model are in better agreement to the data. Results on variation of moments with pseudorapidity window size and with center of mass energy and observations from such a study in pp annihilation and pp interactions at the same center-of-mass energy are also presented.

A search is reported for charge-parity D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ $CP$ violation in D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ decays, using data collected in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018. The analysis uses a dedicated data set that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 41.6 fb$^{-1}$, which consists of about 10 billion events containing a pair of \b hadrons, nearly all of which decay to charm hadrons. The flavor of the neutral D meson is determined by the pion charge in the reconstructed decays D$^{*+}$ $\to$ D$^0\pi^+$ and D$^{*-}$ $\to$ D$^0\pi^-$. The D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ $CP$ asymmetry in D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ is measured to be $A_{CP}$( K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$) = (6.2 $\pm$ 3.0 $\pm$ 0.2 $\pm$ 0.8)%, where the three uncertainties represent the statistical uncertainty, the systematic uncertainty, and the uncertainty in the measurement of the D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ $CP$ asymmetry in the D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}\pi^+\pi^-$ decay. This is the first D$^0$ $\to$ K$^0_\mathrm{S}$K$^0_\mathrm{S}$ $CP$ asymmetry measurement by CMS in the charm sector as well as the first to utilize a fully hadronic final state.

With four different type of neutrino-induced interactions, we considered to investigate and reanalyse the KNO scaling in modified multiplicity distributions from a different perspective. In an attempt of first of its kind, we propose alternate fitting function to parameterise the distribution than the most widely adopted Slattery's function and compare it with yet another form. We propose the shifted Gompertz and Weibull functions as the fitting functions and compare their potency for the most conventional form of Slattery's function. In addition the analysis of the data by evaluating the central moments and factorial moments, we show the dependence of moments on the target size.

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 57(4) A new year brings with it opportunities to think and act differently as individuals, families and as a community and to talk openly and take action on what needs to change to improve the mental health of all members of the community. Many investigations have taken place over the last few years that have identified unmet mental health needs; we understand what needs to change, and promises have been made about timely, affordable quality mental health care for all Australians. There is so much promise about mental health reform, yet some of our society’s most pressing challenges to mental health, including family violence, poverty, stigma, discrimination and racism, continue to dominate public discourse. Other issues, such as loneliness, are barely noticed at all. The voice of lived experience is now pervasive in Australia’s health policy reform agenda, and increasingly so in the design, implementation and delivery of new models of care. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists’ (RANZCP) Community Collaboration Committee (CCC) provides lived experience input across the College’s work. In 2019, the CCC identified loneliness as a neglected factor in the understanding and treatment of mental illness and resolved to raise awareness within the College about how addressing loneliness can make a difference to the lives of consumers and carers. Loneliness refers to the person’s subjective perception of their social world and connection to it (Ma et al., 2020). It is understood to be both a cause and consequence of becoming disconnected. Loneliness is different from social isolation, although the two can be interlinked. While some individuals may feel lonely due to physical or social isolation, others can feel intense loneliness when surrounded by others, including loved ones. Although attention to loneliness has grown with the emergence of COVID-19, interest in the subject is not new. It has been the subject of literature and poetry for centuries. Exploring the history of loneliness, Worsley (2018) stated that

In the era of massive data production through the internet and social media, the volume of images generated is immense. Storing and retrieving relevant images efficiently pose significant challenges. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has emerged as a prevalent method for retrieving relevant images based on query images from large image collections. CBIR relies on three fundamental elements: the selection, extraction, and representation of features. This paper delves into a comprehensive survey of these crucial aspects. This paper begins by investigating the significance and wide-ranging applications of CBIR. It subsequently delves into an intricate analysis of feature selection, encompassing attributes such as color, texture, shape, and descriptors. Following this, the paper navigates through sections dedicated to feature extraction techniques and their subsequent representation. Furthermore, this paper includes an assessment of recent research articles and the methodologies they employ within the realm of CBIR. Significantly, CBIR has witnessed a notable expansion to incorporate deep learning techniques in recent times. The survey presents an overview of these recent methods and their integration into CBIR frameworks. This paper concludes by offering an extensive outline of 215 articles, encompassing a wide range of analyses conducted within the field of CBIR. Finally, this paper also outlines potential research directions for the future. It sheds light on areas where CBIR can continue to evolve and enhance its capabilities.

With four different type of neutrino-induced interactions, we investigate and reanalyze the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling in modified multiplicity distributions from a different perspective. In a first of its kind attempt, we propose alternate fitting function to parametrize the distribution than the most widely adopted Slattery's function and compare it with yet another form. We propose the shifted Gompertz and Weibull functions as the fitting functions and compare their potency for the most conventional form of Slattery's function. In addition, the analysis of the data by evaluating the central moments and factorial moments, we show the dependence of moments on the target size.

Predictions are made for the jet substructure of one-jet events produced in electron-proton neutral current deep inelastic scattering at the future Electron-Ion Collider for exchanged four-momentum squared, $Q^2 > 125$ GeV$^2$. Data are simulated using Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA 8.304 and RAPGAP 3.308 at the center of mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ = 63.2, 104.9 and 141 GeV. Jets and subjets are produced by longitudinally invariant $k_T$ cluster algorithm. The subjet multiplicity distributions and differential jet shapes are measured for different jet sizes and varying jet-resolution parameter. A comparison is presented between the $k_T$ and anti-$k_T$ cluster algorithms for the study of jets and subjets using the simulated data and the HERA data.

This paper proposes a lightweight image encryption approach for medical Internet of Things (MIoT) networks using compressive sensing and a modified seven-dimensional (MSD) hyperchaotic map. Initially, 7D hyperchaotic map is modified to generate more secure and complex secret keys. SHA-512 is used to create the initial conditions for MSD, which ensures its sensitivity towards input images. Using nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT), further improvements in the compressive sensing are achieved, and then the measurement matrices are generated using the secret keys obtained from MSD. Finally, to generate encrypted images, the diffusion and permutation are carried out row and column-wise on compressed images using secret keys obtained from MSD. The comparative analyses verify the performance of the proposed lightweight encryption approach in terms of robustness, security, and statistical analysis.

A search is presented for heavy bosons decaying to Z($\nu\bar{\nu}$)V(qq'), where V can be a W or a Z boson. A sample of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV was collected by the CMS experiment during 2016-2018. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$. The event categorization is based on the presence of high-momentum jets in the forward region to identify production through weak vector boson fusion. Additional categorization uses jet substructure techniques and the presence of large missing transverse momentum to identify W and Z bosons decaying to quarks and neutrinos, respectively. The dominant standard model backgrounds are estimated using data taken from control regions. The results are interpreted in terms of radion, W' boson, and graviton models, under the assumption that these bosons are produced via gluon-gluon fusion, Drell-Yan, or weak vector boson fusion processes. No evidence is found for physics beyond the standard model. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on various types of hypothetical new bosons. Observed (expected) exclusion limits on the masses of these bosons range from 1.2 to 4.0 (1.1 to 3.7) TeV.

Charged particle multiplicities produced in the lepton proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=$$ 300 GeV recorded using the H1 detector at the HERA accelerator and those from the proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=$$ 7 TeV at the LHCb detector at the LHC have been analyzed using Shifted Gompertz distribution. The normalized moments and factorial moments are calculated from the proposed new statistical probability distribution and have been compared to those calculated from the data. The study of the charged particle multiplicities is important to understand the underlying dynamics of hadronisation and charged particle production mechanisms. There are various statistical models which are used to study charged particle multiplicities, the one most commonly and successfully used being the Negative Binomial distribution. The new distribution used in this paper, the Shifted Gompertz distribution, has been used to successfully describe the charged particle multiplicities in the $$e^{+}e^{-}$$ spectra at the ISR energies as well as to the $$pp(\overline{p})$$ spectra at the highest LHC (Tevatron) energies.