Abemaciclib is an oral cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) that plays a key role in treating hormone-sensitive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Abemaciclib, due to its higher selectivity for CDK4 tends to cause fewer hematologic issues, but more gastrointestinal problems, particularly diarrhea, and fatigue, leading to poor tolerability. Dermatologic side effects specifically associated with abemaciclib are less frequently reported. We are reporting a rare instance of lichenoid dermatitis caused by abemaciclib in a 54-year-old female diagnosed with breast cancer after 9 months of intake of the drug. She developed multiple pruritic papules and erythematous, hyperpigmented, ill-defined plaques with mild scaling over the surface present over the bilateral leg and hand, with histology suggestive of drug-induced lichenoid dermatitis. Along with discontinuing abemaciclib, she was treated with oral prednisolone, topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% cream, oral antihistamines, and emollient. This case report highlights lichenoid dermatitis induced by abemaciclib, contributing valuable insight to the limited literature on CDK4/6 inhibitor-related lichenoid reactions.

Suction blister grafting has been used for repigmentation in patients with vitiligo, but its use in treating hypopigmentation in patients with Hansen’s disease has not been reported. Herein, we report a case of successful repigmentation of a persistent hypopigmented patch of a patient with Hansen’s disease using suction blister grafting.

Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is a common disorder symmetrically involving the eyelids, caused by the deposition of esterified cholesterol in the dermis. In this series of cases, we observed the efficacy of Q-switched Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd-YAG) LASER in xanthelasma. We used a Q-switched Nd-YAG LASER at a fluence of 2 J/cm2 and a spot size of 2 mm till bleeding spots were seen. The results were evaluated after 4 weeks independently by two blinded dermatologists, and the decrease in size was graded from 0 to 5. A patient’s assessment score was also added (0–5). The series included 13 patients with 38 lesions, and at the end of 4 weeks, improvement was seen in all patients. Six patients showed 50%–75% improvement, and seven patients showed 25%–50% improvement. A few cases showed mild erythema, which resolved on its own on the same day. Thus, Nd-YAG LASER is a valid treatment option for XP with good efficacy and minimal side effects.

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of sustainable coating materials on the quality and shelf life of tomatoes using an advanced electrostatic spray coating technique, in comparison to the conventional dip coating method. The experiments were performed at 25 ± 2 °C and 52 ± 3

BACKGROUND:The effective disinfection and sanitization of public spaces is essential due to the factors contributing to the spread of infections. High-traffic areas are particularly vulnerable to the transmission of infectious diseases. Various methods are employed to ensure effective disinfection and sanitization, including UV-C disinfection, fogging, and conventional spraying. However, each of these techniques comes with its own set of limitations. This study aims to compare the efficiency of electrostatic and manual backpack sprayers in killing pathogens found in a laboratory environment. Parameters responsible for effective electrostatic spraying were also critically examined. METHODS:The efficiency of both sprayers was tested on 16 commonly encountered inanimate surfaces in a laboratory environment. Pre-determined colonies of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were spread over the marked surface to be tested. A paired t-test was employed to assess pre- and post-sanitization microbial load when electrostatic spraying was done, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented to analyze the significant difference between the two techniques. RESULTS:The results showed that electrostatic spraying of H2O2 (2%) with a contact time of 10 min achieved more than a 6 log-reduction on vertical, horizontal, and curved surfaces (p < 0.01). Also, the time taken for spraying with an electrostatic device was half that of a manual backpack sprayer. CONCLUSION:The results showed that the electrostatic spraying technique is equally effective in reaching curved and hidden surfaces as it is for incident surfaces.

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with various dermatological conditions, including xerosis, seborrheic dermatitis, folliculitis, alopecia areata, and, rarely, psoriasis. The pathogenesis of psoriasis in DS patients may be influenced by immune system dysregulation, a characteristic of this syndrome. Hyperactive interferon system and raised Th1 cells, the alteration of cyclic nucleotides cGMP, cAMP, a rise in the serum level of gamma-delta T-cells, less AIRE gene expression, leading to autoreactive T-cells that recognize cytokeratin 17, and defective regulatory T cells in DS may have a role in psoriasis pathogenesis. Here, we report a rare case of unstable psoriasis in a 15-year-old boy treated with ixekizumab.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease most commonly affecting children. The pathophysiology is thought to be influenced by the JAK-STAT signalling system. There are very few studies showing the efficacy of JAK-STAT inhibitors in AD. Here, we present the case series of seven pediatric patients treated successfully with oral tofacitinib.

Abstract Paradoxical psoriasis, by definition, includes either (i) new-onset psoriasis in patients treated for a different disease or (ii) worsening and phenotypical change of preexisting psoriasis. Originally, the term was used in tumor necrosis factor-alpha using psoriasis patients, in whom new psoriasiform lesions started to appear after prolonged use. However, similar descriptions began to gain attention as the use of other biologics increased. We describe a patient with Down syndrome and severe psoriasis who developed pustular aggravation of the lesions after two dosages of ixekizumab.

Background: Analyzing buoyancy-driven convection in porous media has numerous applications in chemical processing and geothermal energy extraction. The complication of heat transfer (HT) in porous media, especially under Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) conditions, may need sophisticated examination to precisely predict system behavior. In addition, when it comes to using nanomaterials with the aim of enhancing heat transfer efficiency of thermal systems, nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs) would offer a promising solution. NEPCMs merge the high latent heat storage capacity of phase change materials (PCMs) with nanoparticles' improved thermal conductivity, making them ideal for energy storage, electronic cooling, and thermal and solar energy applications. In this regard, this study examines the coupled natural convection and entropy generation of a non-Newtonian NEPCM suspension within a fluid-saturated porous hexagonal enclosure. The Forchheimer-Brinkman-extended Darcy (FBED) model is established to characterize the interaction between the porous medium and the NEPCM suspension flow. The thermal interaction between the suspension and the solid is analyzed using LTNE assumptions, where both NEPCMs suspension and solid matrix temperatures exhibit local fluctuations. Methods: Governing equations of the system are solved using the finite element method (FEM) and the average Nusselt numbers for both phases are assessed through an artificial neural network (ANN)-based multi-layer perceptron (MLP) algorithm. This algorithm is further employed to conduct regression analysis, evaluate the mean square error, and analyze the error histogram of the neural network. Significant Findings: The results indicate that while the same parameters influence heat transfer in both phases, the suspension phase is more sensitive to variations in Ra, Da, and n. In contrast, the solid phase exhibits a relatively stronger dependence on lambda and H, with Ste having the least impact on heat transfer in both phases. Furthermore, the regression coefficients are identified as R = 0.99987 for Nuave,nf and R = 0.99971 for Nuave,s indicating a strong correlation between the predicted values of the ANN model and the actual values.

Purpose Nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs) are favourable in terms of their potentials to ameliorate the efficiency of working liquids, keeping the apparatus at a determined cooling temperature. NEPCMs are used in thermal management of buildings, air-conditioning systems and electronic cooling devices. Because of notable temperature disparity among two components (solid as well as nanofluid) in linear/non-linear porous material, an interface model such as local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) is highly applicable in electronic equipment, geothermal engineering and high-conductivity foams. Forchheimer-Brinkman-extended Darcy model (FBEDM) featured with fluid flow at higher velocities in high porosity porous medium is significantly found in solar thermal systems, heat exchangers and condensation and boiling operations. In view of above real-world applications of NEPCMs, LTNE and FBEDM, the aim of this work is to scrutinize the effect of LTNE on hydrothermal features of buoyancy-driven flow of NEPCMs suspension in an inclined square chamber subject to FBEDM. The introduction of the mechanism of horizontal displacement and vertical displacement (VD) of channels subject to inclined domain, FBEDM and LTNE is the novelty of this work. Design/methodology/approach The equations govern this problem are solved via finite element method and irreversibility in the two components (nanofluid and solid) of the porous structure is also explored. Findings The important findings of this study are that mean Nusselt numbers in nanofluid and porous matrix phases peter out by 15.71% and 29.6% with rise of VD from 0.3–0.6 while those whittle down by 23.73% and 44.12% with rise of HD from 0.3–0.7. Average Bejan number reduces by 8.69% and 0.93% with amplification of cavity inclination angle (a) from 0° to 30° and from 30° to 60° while it enhances by 3.79% with increase of a from 60° to 90°. Originality/value Although there are some theoretical and experimental studies on NC of nano-encapsulated PCMs, there exist limited studies on the NC of NEPCMs subject to LTNE and FBEDM altogether in which geometrical parameters’ roles have been analyzed. This work is the first to examine the influence of HD, VD and cavity inclination angle (a) on the entropy and hydrothermal specifications of buoyancy-driven flow of NEPCMs suspension in an inclined square chamber featured with LTNE and FBEDM.

Background: The present research problem is the investigation of thermal behavior of double-diffusive nanoencapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs) inside a porous H-shaped wavy cavity with two baffles at the top rib. By using accessible renewable energy sources and off-peak electricity, the application of double-diffusive NEPCM in components can lower energy consumption and interior temperature variation. Such embedded Hshaped wavy cylinder with NEPCM suspension can be applied for diversified thermal uses in cooling devices and heat exchangers. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of geometrical change on hydro-thermal and entropy behaviors of double-diffusive NEPCM suspension within a Forchheimer-Brinkman extended Darcy medium-based H-shaped cavity with wavy walls and hot baffles at upper rib. Methods: The current problem is solved by implementing finite element method (FEM) and to estimate the values of temperature and concentration, artificial neural network (ANN)-based multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is applied. Significant Findings: The major outcomes are that the average Nusselt number whittles down by 22%, 32%, and 44% and average Sherwood number peters out by 21%, 33%, and 53% for rise in baffle length from 0.1 to 0.3, rib's size from 0.25 to 0.35 and angle from 0 degrees to 90 degrees, respectively. Moreover, Bejan number decreases with amplification of Raleigh number and upsurges due to augmentation of baffle length. Furthermore, mean square error for the validation data is 3.0649e-4 which shows superior ability of applied ANN-based MLP in estimating the values of temperature and concentration. Subject to proper alteration of several geometries such as baffle length, rib size, wavy wall undulation, and inclination angle, greater cooling effect of H-shaped chamber is accomplished in the presence of double diffusive NEPCM suspension applicable to lowering energy consumption and interior temperature variation thereby improving thermal performance of components.

In this paper, the chargeability of various coating materials has been critically analysed to examine the suitability of the electrostatic spray coating method applicable for coating fruits and vegetables for enhanced shelf life. The design and performance parameters of the electrostatic spray coating system were optimized, and the suitability of the developed technology was studied to evaluate different aspects of food coating applications. The chargeability of laboratory-formulated coating materials, i.e. A (starch), B (polysaccharide), C (protein), D (gums), E (cellulose), and commercially available coating materials, i.e., SS40T+(10%), SS50T+(10%), VMW50+(10%) was examined and the significant charge-to-mass ratio of 2.760, 1.265, 2.593, 2.454, 1.269, 2.104, 4.447, and 2.473 mC/kg was achieved respectively. The charge-to-mass ratio was calculated with respect to an applied high voltage, liquid flow rate, air pressure, conductivity and density of the coating material using an indigenously designed and developed advanced electrostatic spray coating system at a distance of 100 mm from the nozzle tip to Faraday cage. The developed advanced electrostatic spray coating technology has the potential to be used in the food industry, particularly for extending the shelf life of perishable food commodities by enhancing coating efficiency. The experimental results were well aligned with the proposed theoretical considerations.

Apples are climacteric fruits that are in high demand; however, improper postharvest management leads to a loss of 20–30 % of the total produce before reaching consumers. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of edible coatings from biopolymers namely arabinoxylan (AX), and stearic acid ester of β-glucan (SABG) coating material with dipping (DP) and electrostatic spray (ESC) methods at 22 ± 2 °C. The viscosity, conductivity, surface tension, contact angle, and charge-to-mass ratio of AX-SABG (1–2 %) were 0.49–0.99 kg/cm3, 2.27–2.96 mS/cm, 36.15–34.01 mN/m, 52.22- 45.78 (θ), and 1.67–1.71 mC/kg respectively. AX-SABG with a higher charge-to-mass ratio proved to be a better alternative for ESC application compared to the commercial coating shellac. SEM analysis and microscopic studies indicated that the ESC method resulted in a homogenous and thinner coating on the fruit surface compared to DP. The coated (AX-SABG and Shellac, 1–2 %, DP and ESC) apples significantly reduced weight loss (%), ripening index, decay incidence, enzyme activities, preventing color degradation, maintaining higher firmness and anthocyanin content compared to uncoated fruits. However, AX-SABG exhibited a more prominent effect in reducing weight loss (%), respiration and ethylene production rate, decay incidence, enzymatic activity, and retaining anthocyanin content in the coated apples compared to shellac-coated fruits. The study advocates that ESC can be used at the industrial scale for the surface coating of fruits.

Background: Because of the prominent temperature discrepancy between fluid and solid in porous material, local thermal equilibrium (LTE) is not suitable in case of high-conductivity foams and electronic equipment. In view of above situation, Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model subject to local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) is implemented. LTNE technique finds real world applications include groundwater pollution, geothermal extraction, microwave heating, industrial separation process, and transpiration cooling featuring with porous structure. The present study aims at the investigation of the entropy and hydrothermal characteristics of buoyancy-driven TiO2-H2O nanofluid inside a cross-shaped domain embodying two hot and cold rings influenced by LTNE. Methods: Finite element method (FEM) has been considered to solve the dimensionless form of governing equations. Significant findings: Amplification of interstitial solid/nanofluid heat transfer coefficient accounts for the intensification of streamlines, velocities, and diminution of isothermal lines in both nanofluid and solid matrix phases under the influence of LTNE. Strengthening of medium porosity whittles down entropy due to thermal effects in both nanofluid and solid phases, and that ameliorates entropy due to fluid friction and porous medium irreversibilities. Local and average Nusselt numbers in nanofluid phase reduce by 29.31 %, 20.72 %, 17.16 %, and 14.78 % while that in solid phase decays by 13.18 %, 7.63 %, 4.9 %, and 2.8 % for rise in epsilon from 0.1 to 0.3, 0.3 to 0.5, 0.5 to 0.7, and 0.7 to 0.9, respectively. Introduction of Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model subject to LTNE yielded better results in hydrothermal behavior of TiO2-H2O nanofluid inside a cross-shaped domain emplacing two hot and cold rings than earlier published results.

The study of natural convection and heat transfer in a trapezoidal cavity finds a wide range of technological applications including thermal energy storage systems, building ventilation/insulation, waste heat recovery, electronic device cooling, controlling PV panel temperature, energy conservation, exchangers, nuclear reactors, furnaces, glass production, food processing, and drying technologies. The purpose of the current study is to explore the entropy and natural convection of non-Newtonian nano-encapsulated phase change material (NEPCM) suspension in a saturated porous medium enshrouded in a trapezoid-shaped domain with three heated blocks fitted with the bottom surface. The novelty of the present work is the introduction of power-law (Ostwald-de Waele) model subject to NEPCM suspension in trapezoidal enclosure emplacing three heated fins at its bottom surface embedded in Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy medium with variant porosity. The finite element method is implemented to solve the governing equations numerically. The important findings of the present study include streamlines, isotherms, velocities, and apparent viscosity enhance while entropy generation whittles down with rise in Darcy number. Entropy generation ameliorates by 519.16 % for low to high porosity of Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy medium. The maximum apparent viscosity augments by 1441.24 % when power law index ameliorates.

The present study analyzes on the reviews carried out by the previous researchers on the entropy generation caused by the flow and heat transfer of several composite nanofluids subject to varieties of geometries under the influence of several constraints of motions. The composite nanofluids include binary hybrid nanofluids and ternary hybrid nanofluids involving disparate base fluids with different suitable nanoparticles. The geometries considered are deformed surfaces (stretched/shrunk sheets, cylinders, and disks), channels and cavities. Several numerical techniques such as Runge-Kutta method and finite element/difference/volume methods are implemented in the investigations. The major and significant outcome of the review analysis is the entropy comparison for different types of nanofluids. Growth of the volume percentage of nanoparticles at a fixed mass flow rate enhances entropy formation. When porosity strength increases, the irreversible entropy production caused by fluid friction results in increased thermal efficiency of certain systems than magnetic entropies. Compared to single nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids display the maximum entropy. With increasing Rayleigh numbers, the frictional and magnetic entropies in composite nanofluids ameliorate significantly than thermal entropy.

Magnetohydrodynamic free convection liquid considering Hall along with ion-slip current has many engineering usages. In addition, boundary layer flow of power-law fluids due to a stretching plane possesses sundry applications in biological sciences, geophysics, and petroleum industries. Further, hybrid nanofluids are important due to their high heat transfer capability. In view of such relevance, the goal of this investigation is to analyze Hall along with ion-slip effects on thermo-fluidic flow of magnetic power-law hybrid nanofluid so as to accomplish effective cooling in the desired thermal systems. Present investigation’s novelty is adding hybrid nanostructure to power-law fluid flow influenced by Hall and ion-slip mechanism and implementation of modified Fourier’s law featured with velocity and temperature gradients. The key results are that fluid velocity amplifies with rise in ion-slip and Hall parameters. Modified Prandtl numbers and Hall parameter ameliorate heat transfer rate while ion-slip parameter diminishes it.

The present work may deal with the flow, heat transfer and entropy dissections of hydromagnetic buoyancy-driven nanoliquid inside a diamond-shaped container considering ⊥- shaped obstacle of varying configurations subject to heat/sink source and porous matrix. The importance of the above problem is due its potential utilizations in modern industries such as thermal extrusion systems, solar energy collectors, heat exchangers, microelectronic cooling, automobiles, building ventilation, bio-medicine etc. The equations governed may well be solved via finite element method. The present work's novelty would be the introduction of ⊥- shaped obstacle of varying configurations in a diamond shaped cavity embodying a porous matrix and analyzing the flow along with heat transfer aspects there in. The main findings are that alteration of flow nature from hydrodynamic to hydromagnetic whittles down streamlines and augments isotherms at given Rayleigh number in presence of source/sink subject to porous medium. Total entropy exhibits 3896 % enhancement and average Bejan number shows sharp 85.5 % diminution due to rise of Rayleigh number. The outcomes of the present study finds effective and persistent industrial cooling due to better stability of alumina nanoparticles in nanofluid involved in complex geometries like diamond shaped cavities which is the beyond of existing literature.