Reseña bibliográfica Balleneros, loberos y guaneros en Patagonia y Malvinas. Una historia socioambiental del mar (1800-1914) El libro Balleneros, loberos y guaneros en Patagonia y Malvinas trata sobre la historia de la apropiación y transformación del paisaje atlántico patagónico y malvinero en el transcurso de una de las olas expansivas y extractivas del capitalismo global que a contar de fines del siglo XVIII tuvo como escenario el extremo austral americano.

We assess the putative identity of canids accompanying the Patagonian and Fuegian aborigines through an iconographic timeline encompassing 1699–1894, when a number of narratives provided written descriptions and illustrations of those aborigines and their canids. We determine what type of “dogs” were those canids, disentangling their type or breed group, to reveal their characteristics, composition, and development during that period. We searched for illustrations published by navigators and explorers where the presence of canids was reported in the historical territory of the Patagonian aborigines (Aónikenk, Kawésqar, Manek'enk, Sélk'nam, and Yahgan). We constructed a matrix to record the descriptions of all canids represented in those illustrations. Their characterization included body size, coat, tail, ears, skull, and attitude, among others. We then classified whether they were morphologically closer to domestic dogs or to foxlike canids. We used the morphological appearance of dogs to classify them into breed types, whenever possible. We identified and classified 61 canids from 26 illustrations in accounts published between 1699 and 1894. From a historical perspective, those accounts suggest that soon after the first contacts with Europeans, the Patagonian and Fuegian aborigines began to exchange and breed dogs of non-native origin, initiating an extended process of mixing between aboriginal foxlike canids and European dogs. From a cynological perspective, the foxlike canids associated with the aborigines were widely present only before 1833, exhibing an homogeneous appearance with a solid coat, pointed snout, small erect ears of high insertion, and fallen and bushy tail. After 1833, the canids depicted show a more varied appearance and mixed coat, with blunter snout, drooping ears at lower insertion, and erect fine tail with sparse hair. Most of these were hunting dogs morphologically similar to modern breeds such as pointers/setters, hounds, terriers, and retrievers.

Reseña de Archaeology in Antarctica. Andrés Zarankin, Michael Pearson y Melisa Salerno, 2023. Nueva York, Routledge, 262 pp. ISBN 978-0-367-19239-6.

Desde fines del siglo XVIII, en el contexto del proceso de expansión capitalista por parte de las potencias noroccidentales, amplios espacios ultramarinos y costeros del extremo austral americano se vieron tempranamente vinculados a los circuitos comerciales globales a través de la explotación de sus recursos naturales (Igler, 2013; Richard et al. 2022). Aceite y pieles movilizaron esta expansión hacia los mares australes, productos obtenidos mediante la caza indiscriminada de cetáceos y pinnípedos (Kirker, 1970; Quiroz, 2020). Posteriormente, entre 1840 y hasta 1880, en la costa atlántica de Patagonia y en las islas Malvinas, se sumó la extracción de guano de aves y aceite de pingüinos (Haller y García, 2022). Las operaciones cinegéticas abocadas a la obtención de pieles -utilizadas para confección de vestuarioconcentraron la labor extractiva en las distintas especies de los géneros Arctophoca y Arctocephalus1, comúnmente denominados lobos marinos finos o de dos pelos. En el caso de las costas patagónicas, los archipiélagos de la Tierra del Fuego, isla de Los Estados y de las Malvinas, la especie predominante y que otrora abundara, corresponde al lobo fino austral o lobo fino sudamericano (Arctophoca australis). En este litoral, la explotación comercial fue llevada a cabo inicialmente por navegantes británicos y norteamericanos en un periodo que arrancó hacia

Towards the end of the XVIII century and the beginning of the XIX century, in the context of a period of expansion on the part of European nations and the nascent North American republic, the commercial hunting of fur seals began to develop, and in this sense, the southern end of America became one of the main areas of their incursions. This work seeks to contribute to know more background regarding the presence of this group of navigators, in relation to the sustained interaction with the austral aborigines, as well as, regarding hunting activities. The study is based on unpublished documents, specifically American sealing ship logs. It is hypothesized that this commercial activity was much more than a transitory wandering dedicated to obtaining and collecting skins for distant markets, on the contrary, fur-seal hunters established a close relationship with the aborigines who populated these territories, in addition to generating a gradual process of familiarization with geography.

Towards the end of the XVIII century and the beginning of the XIX century, in the context of a period of expansion on the part of European nations and the nascent North American republic, the commercial hunting of fur seals began to develop, and in this sense, the southern end of America became one of the main areas of their incursions. This work seeks to contribute to know more background regarding the presence of this group of navigators, in relation to the sustained interaction with the austral aborigines, as well as, regarding hunting activities. The study is based on unpublished documents, specifically American sealing ship logs. It is hypothesized that this commercial activity was much more than a transitory wandering dedicated to obtaining and collecting skins for distant markets, on the contrary, fur-seal hunters established a close relationship with the aborigines who populated these territories, in addition to generating a gradual process of familiarization with geography.

espanolEl articulo analiza el diario de navegacion, llevado a bordo de la goleta Mary Jane, embarcacion que entre noviembre de 1833 hasta inicios de 1835 se dedico a la caza de lobos marinos finos en torno al archipielago patagonico occidental. Las anotaciones registradas por el tenedor del diario, Charles Palmer, no solamente proporcionan ineditas y detalladas descripciones de los indios de a caballo y de canoa, habitantes de la Patagonia, dando cuenta tambien del modo en que se desarrollaron las interacciones con los aborigenes y las dinamicas de estos cruceros cinegeticos durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. EnglishThe article analyzes the logbook, carried on board the schooner Mary Jane, a ship that between November 1833 and early 1835 wasdedicated to hunting fur seals around the western Patagonian archipelago. The notes recorded by the diary's keeper, Charles Palmer, not only provide unpublished and detailed descriptions of the horse and canoe Indians, inhabitants of Patagonia, but also account for the way in which interactions with the aborigines and the dynamics of these hunting cruises developed during the first half of the 19th century

The article analyzes the logbook, carried on board the schooner Mary Jane, a ship that between November 1833 and early 1835 was dedicated to hunting fur seals around the western Patagonian archipelago. The notes recorded by the diary's keeper, Charles Palmer, not only provide unpublished and detailed descriptions of the horse and canoe Indians, inhabitants of Patagonia, but also account for the way in which interactions with the aborigines and the dynamics of these hunting cruises developed during the first half of the 19th century.

In this paper we study a whaling experiment that was projected by the Norwegian captain, Adolfo Andresen, developed between 1903 and 1904. Consisting of two incursions along the Patagonian-Fuegian archipelago, destined to the whaling and sealing, whaling experiment that used for the first time equipment of the modern whaling tradition, in Magallanes, Chile and the southern hemisphere. The sources used consist of a set of 37 texts published between 1894 and 1904 in the newspapers El Comercio and El Magallanes of Punta Arenas, and in addition, a series of 12 letters contained in the Mauricio Braun Archive, information that allows to fully characterize the itinerary of the ship, the preparation of the whaling operation and the details of the incursions, providing new information for the better knowledge of the local and national whaling culture.

The article discloses and analyzes the interethnic relations that took place between the aborigines of the southernmost part of America and the hunters of marine mammals of the United States that since the end of the 18th century were dedicated to the exploitation of skins of fur seals. Specifically a serie of unpublished contacts between sealers and aborigines yamana, kawesqar and selknam, inhabitants of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego are recorded. The sources consulted correspond mainly to logbooks of sealing voyages, whose examination has allowed to configure the dynamics of sustained contacts and collecting information referring to the details of the hunting activity.

En este trabajo estudiamos un experimento ballenero proyectado por el capitán de origen noruego, Adolfo Andresen, llevado a cabo entre 1903 y 1904. Consistente en dos incursiones a lo largo del archipiélago patagónico-fueguino, destinadas a la caza de cetáceos y lobos marinos, experimento ballenero en que se utilizaría por primera vez equipamiento de la tradición ballenera moderna, en Magallanes, Chile y el hemisferio austral. Las fuentes utilizadas están dadas por 37 artículos publicados entre 1894 y 1904 en los diarios El Comercio y El Magallanes de Punta Arenas, y complementariamente, una serie de 12 cartas contenidas en el Archivo Mauricio Braun, información que permite caracterizar acabadamente el itinerario de la embarcación, los preparativos de la operación y los pormenores de las incursiones, aportando nuevos antecedentes para el mejor conocimiento de la cultura ballenera local y nacional.

From the last quarter of the eighteenth century, the waters of the South Atlantic began to be the theater of operations of an indeterminate number of American and British sailors engaged in hunting of marine mammals, particularly seals (fur seal, Arctocephalus australis and hair sealor, Otaria flavescenses). The focus of this commercial activity was given by the skin and fat of pinnipeds, products that were highly prized in markets as far away as the port of Canton (China), London and ports of the nascent American republic. The main hunting areas of marine mammals explored by Anglo-Saxons sealers, were the Falkland/Malvinas islands and the northeastern coast of Patagonia (coastline of the provinces of Santa Cruz and Chubut, Argentina), from which they extracted significant amounts of fur and oil barrels. Hunting was done directly on the coast, like the work of processing the raw material, such as curing and drying of the skin, as well as the transformation of fat into oil. It is hypothesized that this activity is part of the process of expansion carried out by the North-Western European powers and later, by the United States. With the objective of contributing to provide further background regarding the first marine hunting activities developed in Argentina's coast, a serie of unpublished historical records are presented, extracted from logbooks of sealing schooners and provide valuable information about the physical and human environment of this part of the planet.

Hacia fines del siglo XVIII e inicios del siglo XIX, se desarrollo en el area de Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego e islas Falkland una incipiente actividad economica, ligada a la explotacion de pinnipedos. Una gran numero de loberos britanicos y estadounidenses se hicieron presente por los intrincados canales de la geografia patagonica, en cuyo contexto, irian adquiriendo una serie de conocimientos respecto del medio geografico y humano. Con el proposito de contribuir a conocer mayores antecedentes respecto de la presencia de este grupo de navegantes, se analiza desde la perspectiva metodologica de la microhistoria, la trayectoria del lobero escoces William Low, quien encarna desde un caso limite, el modo de vida y circunstancias de gran parte de los cazadores de lobos marinos. Se han constatado una serie de antecedentes desconocidos respecto de las actividades desarrolladas por el lobero Low, quien luego de tres decadas surcando los mares del sur, se retira a una apacible y modesta vida en la isla de Chiloe. ABSTRACT By the late XVIIIth century and early XIXth century, an incipient economic activity linked to the exploitation of pinnipeds was developed in the area of Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, and Falkland Islands. A large number of British and American sealers were present at the intricate channels of the patagonian geography. In this context, they gradually acquire a range of knowledge about the geographical and human environment. With the objective of contributing to learning more about the background presence of this group of sailors, the career of the Scottish sealer William Low is analyzed using Microhistory as a methodological perspective for this sealer that embodies a borderline case, the lifestyle and the circumstances of many. A number of unknown records have been observed, verifying the activities of Low the sealer, which after three decades sailing around the South Seas gets into retirement, living a quiet and humble existence at Chiloe Island.

The article focuses the equipment and facilities of distillation spirit in Cauquenes, Maule district, between 1771 and 1821 from inventories records. The documentary evidence shows that there were not used alembics but large dish ('pailas') and cannons of copper for distillation. In some cases, cannons of shotguns were in use for condensing the gases and for obtaining the spirit. Also detects a wide diffusion of wine press of leather for the crushed of the grape, which completes a general trend to the use of equipment and handcrafted facilities and of low cost for the industry of the wine and spirit. In turn, the use of these objects had a significant social impact, as it allowed the incorporation of small poor winemakers to the wine industry and spirit, at least on a small scale. There was started a movement of handcrafted winemakers in certain areas of the Kingdom of Chile.

El articulo examina el equipamiento y las instalaciones para destilacion de aguardiente de uva en Cauquenes, Partido del Maule, entre 1771 y 1821 a partir de registros de inventarios y particiones de bienes . La evidencia documental muestra que no se usaban alambiques sino pailas y canones de cobre para destilaci on. En algunos casos, se utilizaban canones de escopetas para condensar los gases y obtener el aguardiente. Tambien se detecta amplia difusion de lagares de cuero para el pisado de la uva, lo cual completa una tendencia general al uso de equipamiento e ins talaciones artesanales y de bajo costo para la industria del vino y el aguardiente. A su vez, la utilizacion de estos medios tuvo un significativo efecto social, pues permitio la incorp oracion de pequenos campesinos a la industria del vino y el aguardiente , al menos en pequena escala. Se puso en marcha asi un movimiento de productores artesanales de vinos y aguardientes en determinadas areas del Reino de Chile