The researchers use three secondary analyses to explore further the affluenza claims linking amount of television viewing with consumerist/materialist values and affluenza symptoms such as life dissatisfaction. Those links were generally supported by multiple regression analysis, though at low levels of explanatory power. Heavy news viewing ran in the opposite direction, with heavy TV news viewing correlated with less consumerist values. The authors also found that viewing by streaming on portable devices did not show affluenza correlations. These findings suggest that active audience program selectivity plays a broader role than that envisioned by cultivation theory.

The researcher used an archive of British newspapers during the 1926 General Strike. The transcripts included: the government's British Gazette; British Worker, a trade union newspaper; and other newspapers during the conflict. The British Worker stuck to communicating strike-related information, but lost the battle for terminology control to the British Gazette and the majority of the general circulation press. Those papers stressed terms associated with disruptive effects and overall threat to the country. The findings follow past trends in news coverage of strikes, and add supporting examples to game theory, social movement theory, indexing, and political economy of communication.

This paper traces political satire on U. S. television. Using the theory of discursive integration, the paper examines the satire of Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert, and the scholarship about their respective programs, The Daily Show and The Colbert Report. Discursive integration explained well the look and sound, as well as societal function, of such programs. Each blurs lines between news and entertainment, and helps audiences decode meanings from the hubris often in the news.

Nowadays, digital technology has generated a new dimension to information as it is being turn out to be a prime commodity. In addition, connections of networks have attributed to the fast communication with a ‘real time’ feeling among people across the world. Due to the rapid development and distribution of digital media over the last two decades, access to this media has become crucial to being an active player in our contemporary society. If the gap is to be reduced then accessibility of the ICTs must be there because it is Digital access which divides the society not the Digital technology as technology integrates the society. If anything is not standardized and only applied then result will be questionable. So we are in the process of research with the objective of developing a scale on Digital empowerment. In the present investigation Digital empowerment is operationally defined as “a process through which an individual is making fit to the digital technology and harvesting the maximum potentials of the technology with reference to Psychological, Economical, Legal, and Technical access. Thus, a scale based on summated rating (likert technique) on Digital empowerment will be developed by taking into consideration of these components by following the steps mentioned below:

This study applied cultivation theory to examine the effects of reality TV on viewer materialism and the associated consequences of materialism. At first glance reality TV appeared to be the programming most strongly associated with materialism. However, the direct effect waned after introducing enjoyment and social comparison as mediators. In particular, the results showed that enjoyment fully mediated the cultivation effect of reality TV on materialism. This study demonstrated that media effects were not only mediated by individual differences in personalities but also determined by the viewing experiences.

Pollster Frank Luntz has built a substantial global business by shifting the terminology in public policy debates to a corporate and conservative perspective. He played a substantial role in the recent U.S. health care debate, and his approaches and terminology likely will be tried again regarding health care policy in other nations. This project searched the U.S. broadcast news transcripts to discover to what extent they reflected Luntz’s list of words for opponents of health care reform. Sixteen Luntz terms were compared to a list of 16 more neutral terms describing the actual changes being considered. The Luntz words outnumbered the “descriptor” terms on Fox News, and made up a significant percentage of the terminology hits on CNN, MSNBC, and ABC, CBS, and NBC News. This content analysis adds to the growing body of work on framing, specifically how tactical use of terminology can turn a mediated debate.

This research is a secondary analysis of Eurobarometer polls (#53 in 2000 and #71.2 in 2009), comparing nation states on the audience availability of certain news, information, and communication resources.Did Central and Eastern European nations "catch up" to Northern and Western European nations in audience communication resources?Or did those Central and Southern European nation states, as Knowledge Gap Theory would suggest, gain resources but at a slower pace than their Northern and Western counterparts?This study focused on mobile phone availability and usage, as well as Internet availability at one' s home, office, and community.Results show the gap growing between Northern and Western European nations when compared to Southern and Central European nations.This gap growth occurs regardless of whether one measures by absolute change or percent of possible change.The data also show that: 1) TV is a nearly ubiquitous home medium; 2) Germany' s mid-range and lackluster performance in home internet is almost entirely accounted for a lingering Cold War digital divide with East Germany; 3) as suggested by roughly even East and West German growth in mobile phones, land lines are not a necessary transitional stage for developing nations or areas, and many consumers are skipping or dropping them; and 4) as late as 2009 many Eastern and Central European internet users were compensating for the difficulty of obtaining home internet service with reliance on community internet sites such as cafes.

Every day, television news operations have available dozens of video news releases (VNRs), public relations handout videos designed to mimic news formats. Electronic tracking indicates some of these VNRs are used. Critics typically assail VNRs on ethical grounds, that VNRs deceive audience members into thinking they are watching news gathered by reporters, rather than a promotional pitch. Using a snowball technique, the researchers presented survey respondents with authentic-looking local television news stories; 157 respondents evaluated three stories (out of nine). Some stories used station-generated footage, some network, and some VNRs. Respondents were asked their best estimation of the source. The data indicated a real likelihood VNR deception is occurring. Two of the three VNRs deceived at least half the respondents. Respondents were incorrect an average of 46% of the time when attempting to identifying VNRs, compared to 29% incorrectly identifying network video and 20% incorrectly identifying locally shot video.

The researcher conducts secondary analyses of three polls now available from the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. These polls add to the cross-cultural body of research connecting hours of television viewing and symptoms of “affluenza,” materialism and the accompanying financial dissatisfaction and distress. The three polls are: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive 8 th and 10 th grade surveys 2008, a 1994 Survey of Men Employed in Civilian Occupations, and a 1999 survey of Family Life in Urban China. The 1999 survey of Family Life in Urban China (ICPSR 28143) included samples from three large Chinese cities: Shanghai, Wuhan, and Xi'an. The study covered social and economic aspects of family life, particularly the effects of economic reform on cultural practices, and civic values. The daily hours of TV viewing variable allowed for regressions against scaled answers regarding happiness, foreign values, and financial satisfaction (Xie and Pan, 1999). Schooler’s 1994 data (ICPSR 22413) are actually the third wave of a project that began in 1964 surveying men employed in U. S. civilian occupations. In 1974 subjects were re-interviewed, the research then adding interviews with their wives. The sample thus included men between 46 and 85 years of age who had been working in 1964 in civilian occupations, and their wives. The Daily TV hours variable could be compared to responses about happiness, outlook, and response to financial stress. A more recent youth poll, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive 8 th

Universal Newsreels did not shut down until the end of December 1967, so it had an opportunity to present images and narration about the growing U. S. anti-war movement. British Pathé Newsreels lingered longer, not shutting down until 1970. Thus, it was able to cover the rapidly growing U. K. anti-war movement. The researcher explored how these established and establishment media forms (which had not technologically or ideologically adapted as the world changed) handled such protests. A critical viewing of those last newsreels as they encountered anti-war protest validated social movement theory. Mediated resistance spewed forth in many forms, but the uniformity of resistance suggested the generation gap between the protesters and the newsreel editors played a large role, too.

This research examined whether U S network TV newscasts over time have shown less strike coverage, even adjusting for lesser numbers of strikes They did not, but fluctuated wildly based on when sports and other entertainment strikes occurred The project indicated a strike-impact-on-consumers focus with an element of social class that also may be at play Network TV coverage opted for more time devoted to higherclass effects (airline strikes) as opposed to lower-class effects (intercity bus strikes) These results suggest a more nuanced understanding of strike news beyond points raised by political economy theory and declining resources for coverage