This article examines the process of building user interfaces (UI) using two leading mobile application development tools: Android and Flutter. By developing common login interfaces, the UI construction between these platforms was compared and contrasted. The study highlights key differences in UI elements, design paradigms, and performance metrics, offering a comprehensive analysis. A detailed experimental plan to assess and compare UI development in Flutter and Android was designed, followed by performance evaluations based on metrics such as application size, runtime speed, and memory usage. The findings aim to help beginners quickly grasp and master these tools. Furthermore, the implications for developers, particularly regarding code complexity, reusability, and the overall development experience were discussed. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on mobile app development best practices, helping guide tool selection for specific project requirements.

In this globalisation world, goods and products pricing is very competitive. Each country faced challenges in providing for the needs of its people. Malaysia is a middle-income country with a capacity population of 32.37 million people. Malaysia is one of the most open economies globally, with a trade to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio averaging over 130% since 2010. Openness to trade and investment has been instrumental in employment creation and income growth. After the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998, Malaysia’s economy has been on an upward trajectory, averaging growth of 5.4% since 2010. With the increasing cost of living, the government is concerned about providing subsidies to reduce the burden on Malaysian citizens. There are six commodities: refined petroleum products, cooking oils, sugar, rice, wheat flour, and fertilizers. Most necessities such as rice, the cooking oils used for cooking, and petrol for daily transport are subsidised by the Malaysia Government. The implementation of subsidies is expected to reduce the cost of living for Malaysians. Nevertheless, the issue of smuggling is one of the problems the Malaysian government faces at the country's borders. The Malaysian government loses millions of ringgits a year due to the misappropriation and smuggling of subsidised cooking oils. We use a qualitative case study to determine the misappropriation and smuggling modus operandi involving subsidised cooking oils. The research obtains the data by document analysis; online news from January 2021 to May 2021. Besides intelligence sources, cases under the Control of Supplies Act 1961, interviews, and previous auditing reports were obtained from 2017 until May 2021. The researchers disclosed the misappropriation and smuggling modus operandi involving subsidised cooking oils that can be referred to the government in eradicating this issue.

This paper adapts one of the most popular heuristic evaluation techniques to effectively assess the design of an e-commerce marketplace. Heuristic evaluation for the e-commerce marketplace with a detailed explanation is presented as a guideline for the e-commerce marketplace. This research involved usability evaluation that analyses the e-commerce marketplace using a set of design characteristics (usability heuristics). The process of discovering usability problems is one of the three objectives of this project. The selected set of heuristics could significantly influence the results (usability findings) of performed heuristic evaluations. Based on the evaluators' evaluation, a set of heuristics was produced. This will be used as a guideline to be applied to the design of the e-commerce marketplace called University Textbook Marketplace (UniText). The result of this research presents the heuristic evaluation for e-commerce marketplace guidelines to perform a cost-effective usability evaluation of e-commerce marketplace applications. Therefore, improving website design that is both pleasurable and meets the user's and customer's needs.

Social networking is an important strategy for eCommerce businesses. The study will determine the requirements that must be completed before customers visit an e-commerce website, particularly for the electronic and media sectors. The main contribution of this paper is a conceptual model for the social adoption of factors impacting e-commerce websites by proposing a conceptual model for social adoption model using social media channels. This study will determine what factors must be present in order for customers to visit an e-commerce website especially for electronic and media industry. The outcome of this research will help sellers to increase website traffic that will result in more customers and sales. This study adopts the mixed methods approach with a combination of literature analysis, interview, questionnaire and observation. Based on the result, it was found that various e-commerce websites use different type of social media. Moreover, 89% of people aged 18 to 33 choose Instagram to Facebook as their preferred social media, despite the fact that literature review revealed that Facebook is the most popular social media. Facebook is in third position with 54 percent, while Twitter is in second place with 65 percent. It was observed that interest and intention to buy are the biggest reason for a user to click the advertisement. At the same time, the biggest reason for the unclick link is related to intention and interest to buy the product too and trust issues. Based on the result shows that most users who enjoy purchase online are the experienced user who have the intention and interest to purchase a product. Based on the findings of the research, we developed a a conceptual model for social adoption model of factors influencing e-commerce websites.

Predictive analysis is very useful in the process of decision making.It discovers useful information by predicting the future outcome.Nevertheless, it is essential to understand an appropriate technique before the predictive analytical model should be developed.This research will compare two predictive methods which are decision tree technique (using J48 algorithm) and rule induction technique (using JRip algorithm).The aim of this research is to build the predictive model for health datasets of students in one of the universities in Selangor.By analyzing medical profiles such as gender, diseases, the symptoms of the diseases, the organs of the diseases and the body systems of diseases, the model can predict the likelihood of disease that may occur in the future.It can offer significant and important insights, such as the patterns and relationships between medical attributes related to the diagnosis datasets.In this study, we are also able to identify the most common illness that may have infected the students in the past five years.This data analysis could be beneficial specifically to the health center to plan, coordinate tasks and make better decisions.

Quick Response (QR) codes are increasingly visible in various fields. With advances in QR code, mobile shopping is becoming one of the most important channels in the retail industries. The aims of this research are to discover the willingness of the Malaysian university community to use QR codes in the buying process using smartphones as well as their perception about the functionality and usefulness of QR Codes. Through review of literature and responses from interviews, the article firstly clarified the characteristics and applicability of the QR Codes, especially in retail. This research applied design thinking methodology that provides a solutionbased approach to solving problems. It is found that the use of smartphones and QR codes for mobile shopping has become increasingly popular and has enhanced users’ shopping experience. Users can easily purchase products by engaging in mobile shopping. Review function can be added to this mobile application which enables users to write their shopping experience for business owners to improve their services. This is a pioneering work for Malaysian literature, as there are limited studies that have explored issues concerning the use of QR codes in the mobile buying process.

Sorting and grading red chilies following harvesting into different levels of quality and ripeness is an important part of perishable product quality control process. The current manual grading and sorting practice is time-consuming, costly, and requires a large knowledgeable and experienced workforce. Automating sorting and grading red chilies is much more efficient and cost effective than the manual method. This paper proposes a convolutional neural networks-based approach for efficiently sorting and grading red chilies into their respective grades and ripeness. The proposed approach is validated with huge chili images dataset that consists of three grades and different ripeness. The results confirm that the proposed approach can efficiently grade and sort red chilies into their respective grades and ripeness with respectable accuracy. We believe that the proposed model will greatly benefit farmers in efficiently sorting and grading red chilies and making them quickly available for marketing and processing industries.

This research presents student online marketplace for university community. In this study, we identify current issues faced by university students while starting their business. Based on the preliminary investigation, it was found out that there are a number of students doing part-time jobs and doing business to support their living expenses. There are varieties of businesses and services offered among students especially students staying in colleges. However, the main problem faced by students either as the buyer or the seller is there is no business platform to promote their products or services. Al-so, there is a lack of information regarding the business or services since most communications are done through h instant messaging apps such as WhatsApp and social media. By having a student online marketplace, the exchange of goods and services take place by having buyers and sellers being in contact with one another. This student online marketplace also helps small businesses to boost their sales, encourage new business start-up and inspire students who have business idea to help them to kick-start their business. Students are able to perform their business in a safe and secure environment.

This paper presents a mobile application called the Quranic Verse Finder. The main idea of this study is to develop a mobile application to help preachers in preparing their speech text. Based on preliminary investigation, the minimum time for a preacher to prepare a speech for a given topic is 3 hours. This process is very time consuming since the speech needs to refer to different source of reference such as the Quran and Hadith. The existing Quran search on the website or mobile application are from unknown source of reference. Therefore, to solve the problems mentioned above, this application offers an efficient method to search and identify any Quran verses for reference. With this application, the user can identify the juz number, the name of the Surah, which number of verses in the Surah and the meaning of the verses of a specific verse. The Quranic Verse Finder is different from other existing Quran Search applications due to its bilanguage feature. This application provides Malay and English translation. It also has other special features such as Bookmark that allows specific Quran verse to be saved for later reference. Moreover, due to the current trends, the Quranic Verse Finder allows user to share it using popular social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter.

This paper presents an algorithm called Failure-Aware Workflow Scheduling (FAWS). The proposed algorithm discussed in this paper schedules parallel applications on homogeneous systems without sacrificing the two conflicting objectives: reliability and makespan. The proposed algorithm handles unexpected failure causes rescheduling of the failed task to available resources. In order to analyse the performance of the FAWS algorithm, it will be compared with the popular scheduling algorithm namely Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time (or HEFT) and Critical Path (CP). A simulation-driven analysis based on realistic workflow application was demonstrated using DAG graph as a continuation of the Layered Workflow Scheduling Algorithm (LWFS). The FAWS algorithm aims to minimize the makespan, increases reliability and therefore boosts the performance of the whole system. A workflow generator was developed to generate large task graphs randomly and scheduled the parallel applications. Based on the simulation results, the proposed algorithm has improved the overall workflow scheduling effectiveness in comparison with existing algorithms.

Malaysia has an abundance of plants that are currently being explored for their medicinal uses. These plants, if found to be potent could be used to treat diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Natural product is a chemical compound produced by living organisms and chemical syntheses, which is the foundation of drugs. Scientists worldwide are racing to discover potent compounds from plants to be made into commercialized drugs. Existing repositories on compounds centre around plants found in western countries. Hence, it is imperative to build a repository for compounds discovered from Malaysia’s natural sources. This paper explains our design of a compound repository at AuRIns, UiTM. Unlike most repositories which are modeled based on a relational database, we use NoSQL document database to store the unstructured information of natural product. Prototyping was used to develop this system.

Owing to the rapid growth of technology, higher educational institutions are looking for new learning systems. One of the evolutions of classroom technology is using mobile phone for teaching-learning or m-learning. The use of mobile phone in classroom is still new in Malaysia. Therefore, this research aims to study educators’ readiness in integrating mobile technology in the teaching process. The objective of this study is to identify the level of technology readiness among educators in higher education institutions towards the implementation of mobile phone as pedagogical tools in the teaching and learning process. Besides that, this study identifies the relationship between the dimensions of technology belief and educator’ readiness. In order to achieve this objective, quantitative approach and questionnaire instrument are used to gather data from the respondents. This study adopts Parasuraman’s study on Technology Readiness Index (TRI). The findings show that there is a high level of technology readiness among educators with a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of technology belief and educators’ readiness with optimism as the main influencer. The findings from this research may provide some key consideration to the higher education institutions to determine the greatest solution in ensuring the successful of m-learning post-implementation.

Construction Defect mobile application (app) is used by Ministry of Defense's Construction Defect Inspection Team to help the team in recording construction defect. However, the mobile app has never been evaluated formally to identify any usability problems. The objectives of this study are to identify usability problems of Construction Defect mobile app using think aloud and to recommend design improvement of Construction Defect mobile app based on the identified usability problems. The think aloud study involved 15 participants. During the evaluation, every participant carried out the given tasks and gave his impressions as he went along the tasks. Three usability problems were identified. Some recommendations have been proposed to improve the design of Construction Defect mobile app. As for the future work, the study may be conducted using different usability evaluation technique.

The presence of mobile wireless technology has changed the current learning culture environment. Today, smartphone has become an essential device for effective learning. Many mobile apps have been developed covering digital contents for all sorts of disciplines. This paper presents the development of mobile application for Muslims which is focusing on Hijaiyyah pronunciation.  This application is named Musafir Ilmu Application with aims to help improve the learning process of Hijaiyyah pronounciation. The Mobile Application Development Life Cycle is employed in the development of the apps. This application has been tested on 32 UiTM students by observation method. Performance of the application is measured using Confusion matrix which calculate the precision and recall rates. The results have indicated the app is an effective learning tool. Â

In the last few years, workflows are becoming richer and more complex. Workflow scheduling management system to be robust, flexible with multicriteria scheduling algorithms. It needs to satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. However, QoS parameters and workflow system objectives are often contradictory. In our analysis, we derived an efficient strategy to minimize the overall processing time for scheduling workflows modelled by using Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). We studied the problem of workflow scheduling that lead to optimizing makespan and reliability. The proposed algorithm handles unsuccessful job execution or resource failure by dynamically scheduling workflows to available resources. Based on the experiments results, our proposed Failure-Aware Workflow Scheduling (FAWS) Algorithm can significantly optimize the makespan and minimize the reliability by rescheduling the failed task to the unused resources. The effectiveness of the FAWS algorithm was validated based on a simulation-driven analysis based on the workflow application.

Selecting a topic is possibly the most difficult part of final year project (FYP). The FYP must be completed by final year students with the aim to train the students to do their work independently while being monitored closely by their supervisors. Usually, the FYP topics chosen can either be from the students or new topic suggested by the supervisor in any computing area. There are some cases where the topics are not suitable for the students and vice versa. Based on this problem, we proposed a recommender system that will help to ease this process. The main objective of this study is to develop E-Research Engine System that could help to match between student and supervisor for the FYP project. A survey was conducted with 50 students from Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM), Universiti Teknologi MARA. Results show that the majority of students used a search engine to find their research topic, and most of the students expressed their difficulties to find a suitable research topic that matches with the supervisor’s area of interest. In summary, the proposed E-Research Engine System will help students to save time and effort in finding the best match supervisor with a good quality final year research project topic.

The advent of the internet, mobile communication and media has created a new form of language such as Slang, Emoticons, Hashtag and Abbreviation as well as a combination of several languages in one word. Some go to the extent of localizing foreign language. In Malaysia, a new trend of using social media language is called Manglish, a mix language of Malay and English words that are popularized by social media users. Based on initial findings, the use of Malaysian English (Manglish) jargon can lead to confusion and miscommunication between social media users of different generations. Even though there are various translation software available, no online Manglish Jargon translator is available at present. Therefore, this work proposes the development of Manglish Jargon Translator that will reduce the miscommunication gap between social media users of all ages. Interview and survey instruments were conducted to capture user requirement and as part of the Manglish Jargon validation process. As a result, the Manglish Jargon translator was developed to further clarify Manglish Jargon terms, actual words, meanings and definitions

The effectiveness of atmospheric cues on consumer’s emotion has a significant impact on online businesses. The usability issues with regards to atmospheric cues especially while browsing electronic commerce (e-commerce) websites are very important. This paper aims to identify the common atmospheric cues, usability issues and their effects on consumer emotions while browsing e-commerce websites. Usability testing techniques was conducted to five (5) participants from different backgrounds by using qualitative methods. The outcome of this preliminary study will help e-commerce websites specifically Lazada Malaysia to reduce usability gap of online shopping experience. The result highlights the atmospheric cues and their influence on the website. These initial findings motivated the current study, which extends our previous work by proposing other key variables and several new recommendations for improvement to generate more effective usability issues.

Workflow applications require workflow processing in which workflow tasks are processed based on their dependencies. With the emergency of complex distributed systems such as grids and clouds, efficient workflow scheduling (WFS) algorithms have become the core components of the workflow management systems (WfMS). Thus, WFS that allocates each task in the workflow to a relevant resource with the aim of improving system performance and end user satisfaction is fundamentally important. In this paper, we propose a new workflow scheduling algorithm called Layered Workflow Scheduling Algorithm (LWFS) for scheduling workflow applications. We studied the efficacy of the LWFS scheduling experimentally and compared its performance with approaches including Improved Critical Path using Descendant Prediction (ICPDP), Highest Level First with Estimated Time (HLFET), Modified Critical Path (MCP) and Earliest Time First (ETF). The results of the experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms other approaches.

Big data has been touted as the next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity growth. The promising and rewarding benefits of big data have attracted government agencies and businesses worldwide to extract valuable new insights from big data by reengineering their business and information processes. Although big data can provide valuable information to make intelligent decisions and obtain insights, it comes with many new challenges that must be addressed in order to fully leverage the opportunities provided by Big Data. This paper provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges of big workflow within the context of workflow applications and systems. By applying big workflow in decision making process, organizations are able to visualize data differently and become more valuable.