Multiple studies have demonstrated the linkage between sedentary lifestyles and adverse health outcomes, emphasizing the need to prioritize student movement and health as a part of the medical school curriculum. This qualitative study assessed the relationship between movement-centered teaching and students' perceptions of learned content through the integration of exercise anatomy videos into a Musculoskeletal Systems first-year Osteopathic Medicine course at a Michigan State University. One-on-one student interviews were conducted, and the transcribed interviews were used to identify key themes using an inductive coding process. Results demonstrated the exercise videos aided learning by associating movements or senses with learning, repetition, and time efficiency, as well as boosting mental and physical wellness by reducing stress and anxiety and incorporating physical activity. Overall, this research emphasizes the multiple benefits of incorporating movement into anatomy education.

The link between exercise and mental wellness is well appreciated. Yet, many medical students struggle to find the time to incorporate physical activity into their daily lives. A new and innovative teaching style that incorporates movement with Anatomy was developed at Michigan State University. Students are provided a series of supplemental videos that utilize exercise and choreography to reinforce difficult anatomical concepts. Previously published research by Guzzardo et al. demonstrated a link between movement, anatomy learning, and enjoyment. This current study deepens that understanding by gathering student feedback that qualifies the effects of the videos on their wellness.

The global trend within medical curricula to significantly reduce anatomy teaching hours demonstrates there is a clear need for instructors to become more creative in their development of outside teaching resources. Yet, instructors must be cognizant not to overload students with extraneous work that derails a reasonable work‐life balance as student wellness is a high priority. To combat these two seemingly contradictory expectations, this study explored the impact of exercise‐focused anatomy review sessions on medical students. We investigated the success in which movement aided in content retention as well as its influence on wellness, and attitude toward learning.

Wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet surgery has been shown to decrease cost and hospital length of stay. The authors studied the use of virtual reality during wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet outpatient upper extremity surgery to assess its effect on patient pain, anxiety and fun. Patients undergoing wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet surgery were randomized to use (virtual reality) or not use (non-virtual reality) virtual reality during their procedures. Pain, fun, and anxiety were measured with a Likert scale at several time points, as were blood pressure and heart rate. A postoperative questionnaire was used to assess overall satisfaction. Virtual reality patients exhibited lower anxiety scores during injection, during the procedure, and at the end of the procedure. There were no differences in blood pressure, heart rate, or pain scores. Compared with non-virtual reality patients, virtual reality patients' fun scores were higher. Virtual reality patients felt the experience helped them to relax, and they would recommend virtual reality-assisted wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet surgery. Among patients with self-reported preexisting anxiety, virtual reality patients had lower pain and anxiety scores during injection of local anesthesia compared with non-virtual reality patients. This study demonstrates that readily available virtual reality hardware and software can provide a virtual reality experience that reduces patient anxiety both during the injection of local anesthesia and during the surgical procedure. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 144: 408, 2019.) CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Therapeutic, II.

Multiple developments for juvenile age estimation have occurred over the last decade, including advancements in methodology and practice. In particular, there has been an effort to encompass human variation through the creation of population-based aging standards that acknowledge ancestral, secular, and socioeconomic differences. The need to estimate the age of living children has also become increasingly necessary in modern times. Thus, there has been a surge in the use of medical technologies, such as conventional radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and computed tomography, to develop standards associated with age estimation. This chapter highlights those works in addition to papers incorporating less mainstream, albeit just as important, trends.

This study examines the accuracy of the Pyle and Hoerr radiographic atlas technique in an effort to document the extent of normal variation associated with developmental timings in the knee for purposes of age estimation. The atlas has been previously tested; however, accuracy rates were produced from a dataset, which spread in age from mostly 7–16 years. This study took a closer look at the younger age groups, examining radiographs from 297 children (147 female and 150 male) from birth to 6 years. Standard deviations representing the difference between the skeletal and chronological age were calculated according to two groupings. Each group represents episodes, or time periods, of differential developmental rates as expressed through the number of plates within the atlas dedicated to documenting each year of life. The beginning year of life is characterized by the most rapid of development as represented by the numerous image plates used to depict this time period. Individuals assigned to plates with a skeletal age between birth and 1 year were grouped collectively to document the variation associated with such rapidly changing morphology (SD = 2.5 months in female children; 2.3 months in male children). Years 1–3.8 years (female) and 1–4.5 years (male) were represented by two or three images within the atlas, and therefore, individuals assigned to plates with a skeletal age falling within this range were placed within a second grouping (SD = 5.2 months in female children; 7.0 months in male children). As expected, variation was observed to decrease as developmental processes accelerated in the younger children. The newly calculated standard deviations offer tighter predictions for estimating age in young children while at the same time maintaining an acceptable width that accounts for normal variation in developmental timings.

It is well known that appearance and union times of epiphyseal/apophyseal elements can be used as a tool to estimate age in both living and deceased children. Radiographic documentation of ossification centers within the shoulder region however remains underexplored. This study fills that niche by recording the appearance and, or, union times of the proximal humerus, acromial process and coracoid angle/apex. Shoulder radiographs from 264 males and 189 females between the ages of 10 and 21 years were examined. These images were obtained via two sources including the Michigan State University׳s Clinical Center as well as Query Patricia, an online juvenile radiographic database. Developmental progress of each element was divided into a unique staging system based on the extent to which that center could be visualized. Observations were recorded for each of the three elements and their age/phase distributions are provided. A number of developmental milestones (phases) were observed to always occur before the age of 16 or 18 years. These results suggest that the shoulder region may be of particular value when evaluating the likely direction of an individual׳s age in relation to either of these two common threshold values.

Ankle sprain is a common occurrence in sports, accounting for 10–30% of injuries 9. Injury to the lateral ligamentous complex occurs under excessive foot inversion and is known as a “lateral ankle sprain” 1. Injury to the anterior deltoid ligament (ADL), which consists of the tibionavicular ligament (TiNL) and the anterior tibiotalar ligament (ATiTL), is known as a “medial ankle sprain” 13. High ankle sprains occur in the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, which is comprised of the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments (ATiFL and PTiFL) and the interosseous ligament (IOL) 2. While approximately 85% of ankle sprains are lateral ankle injuries, syndesmotic (high) and medial injuries typically result in more time off the field. The mechanism of both high and medial ankle sprain is commonly ascribed to excessive internal rotation of the upper body, while the foot is planted on the playing surface.

Journal of Forensic SciencesVolume 56, Issue 6 p. 1677-1677 BOOK REVIEW Review of: Age Estimation in the Living: The Practitioner’s Guide Maureen Schaefer Ph.D., Maureen Schaefer Ph.D. Anatomy, Michigan State University, A519 E. Fee Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1316.Search for more papers by this author Maureen Schaefer Ph.D., Maureen Schaefer Ph.D. Anatomy, Michigan State University, A519 E. Fee Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1316.Search for more papers by this author First published: 31 October 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01872.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume56, Issue6November 2011Pages 1677-1677 RelatedInformation

The utility of epiphyseal union as a means of estimating the age of juvenile remains is well known and documented. Less thoroughly investigated, however equally valuable, is the application of epiphyseal union in the recognition and sorting of commingled remains (Buikstra et al. 1984; L’Abbe 2005; Owsley et al. 1995; Schaefer and Black 2007). Detection of commingled remains is most easily accomplished through the recognition of duplicate elements within an assemblage, i.e., two left femora. In the absence of repeated elements, however, commingling episodes are more difficult to recognize and rely on the anthropologist to detect discrepancies between skeletal elements within the assemblage. Inconsistencies often include variations in size and shape of bilateral elements, disproportionate upper and lower body measurements, or discrepancies in the age, sex, or racial attributes of materials within the assemblage (Buikstra et al. 1984; Byrd and Adams 2003; L’Abbe 2005; Owsley et al. 1995; Snow 1948; Snow and Folk 1970). In much the same way, status of epiphyseal union can serve as a tool to recognize incongruities in the maturity level of different elements. This technique is useful for identifying commingling episodes between juvenile remains mixed with that of either additional juvenile or adult material. While discrepancies between juvenile and adult material may seem obvious, they are less conspicuous if the juvenile skeleton has approximated full maturity, and many epiphyseal elements would be expected to display complete union. The ability to detect discrepancies in the developmental status of juvenile material nearing maturity requires an understanding of the association between union phases of different epiphyses. Three lines of evidence can be used to guide this understanding: (1) the sequence in which the epiphyses initiate union; (2) the sequence in which the epiphyses complete union; and (3) an understanding of the epiphyses that complete union before other epiphyses begin union. Sequences of “beginning” and “complete” union have been previously documented by Schaefer and Black (2007), while the relationship between beginning and complete union will be formally examined within this chapter. Once phase associations between epiphyses are understood, the documented patterns can serve as a reference from which to recognize potentially incompatible material. Epiphyseal elements that do