The authors' research group had excogitated a conceptual architecture and its functional reference model [1] for realizing a process-aware services over Internet of Things collaborative community computing environments, and it had released it to the academic worlds of the Internet of Things and the workflow technologies, as well. As a consecutive research work, we are now on the validation phase of the proposed architecture through modeling and enacting process-aware services over a practical Internet of Things community computing environment. The purpose of this paper1 is to model a process-aware service and organize an ARDUINO-based Internet of Things community computing environment to show the feasibility of the concept of the process-aware Internet of Things. In order to define the process-aware service, we especially, use a business process modeling tool, which is supporting the business process modeling notations based upon the standard specification of OMG-BMIDTF. Each of the activities made up of a process-aware service is associated with either a sensor or an actuator of ARDUINO with a control program embodying its related service. As an operational example, we model an imaginary process-aware service fulfilled by two ARDUINO-sensors such as hygrometer and thermometer, and two ARDUINO-actuators such as buzzer and LED-lighter, and implement their control programs. Through the operational example, we are able to practically prove that the concept of process-aware Internet of Things services ought to be a reasonable and applicable concept in any forms of the real Internet of Things community computing environments.

This paper proposes an abstract language for describing process-aware goals to be accomplished by collaborative smart-objects communities over the Internet of Things (IoT) platforms. The proposed abstract language is based upon the process-driven IoT-community computing model [1] that is derived from a conceptual integration of the process-aware collaborations and the standardized IoT framework announced via the ITU-T SG13 1 Y.2060. We assume that a group of collaborative smart-objects communities can be built-up statically, dynamically, or autonomously and their process-aware goals can be specified and achieved adaptively over an IoT-based community computing environment. We also strongly expect that the proposed abstract language will deliver us a meaningful means in specifying and achieving adaptive process-aware goals of the IoT-based communities formed in a ubiquitous computing society.

This paper tries to extend the conventional conceptual framework of the Internet of Things (IoT) so as to reify an advanced pervasive IoT-community collaboration concept, which is called the process-aware Internet of Things. The extended conceptual framework is embodied as a referential architecture that can be a standardized reference model supporting the conceptual integration of the Internet of Things and the process awareness. The extended referential architecture covers the full range of the architectural details from abstracting the process-aware behavioral semantics to reifying the IoT-process enactments. These extended framework and architecture ought to be the theoretical basis for implementing a process-aware IoT-community computing system supporting process-aware collaborations of Things in pervasive computing environments. In particular, we do point up that the proposed framework of the process-aware Internet of Things is revised from the Internet of Things framework announced in ITU-T SG13(3) Y. 2060 [26] by integrating the novel concept of process awareness. We strongly believe that the extended conceptual framework and its referential architecture are able to deliver the novel and meaningful insight as a standardized platform for describing and achieving the goals of IoT-communities and societies.

본 논문에서는 가중치 및 방향성 워크플로우 소셜네트워크의 사이중심도 분석방법과 그에 따른 알고리듬을 제안한다. 기존의 워크플로우 소셜네트워크는 워크플로우 모델을 구성하는 단위업무를 처리하는 과정에서 수행자들간의 업무전달관계 유무를 이진 소셜네트워크 모델로 표현한 것이다. 그러나, 워크플로우 기반 조직을 구성하는 수행자들간의 업무전달관계를 효과적으로 분석하기 위해서는 기존의 수행자들간의 관계유무를 기본으로 하는 이진 소셜네트워크 정보 뿐 만 아니라 수행자들간의 정량적 업무전달관계와 그 업무전달관계의 방향성 또한 효과적인 분석결과를 획득하는데 있어서 매우 중요한 요인이다. 결과적으로, 본 논문에서는 수행자 그룹의 효과적인 업무전달관계 분석을 수행하기 위하여 정량적 업무전달관계 수준과 그의 방향성을 고려한 가중치 및 방향성 워크플로우 소셜네트워크 개념과 수행자 그룹의 사이중심도 분석방법 및 알고리듬을 제안한다. 특히, 제안한 분석방법을 검증하기 위하여 기존의 이진 워크플로우 소셜네트워크에 대한 사이중심도 분석방법과 본 논문에서 제안한 가중치 및 방향성 워크플로우 소셜네트워크에 대한 사이중심도 분석방법을 특정 워크플로우 모델에 적용하여 그 분석결과를 비교한다. In this paper, we propose a novel analysis method and its algorithms to perform the betweenness centrality measurements on a valued and directed workflow-supported social network. The conventional workflow-supported social network model is to represent the existences of task transferring relationships among their performers by using a binary social network. However, it is necessary to consider not only the existences of task transferring relationships but also their quantities and directions in order to obtain much more effective and sophisticated analysis results. In conclusion, this paper newly defines a concept of valued and directed workflow-supported social network, and its betweenness centrality analysis method and algorithms. Especially, to verify the proposed method and algorithms, we try to apply the conventional method and the proposed method to an example workflow model respectively, and compare their betweenness centrality analysis results.

본 논문에서는 워크플로우 기반 엔터프라이즈 소셜 네트워크의 비연결성 결정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 워크플로우 기반 엔터프라이즈 소셜 네트워크는 워크플로우 모델에서 업무를 할당받은 수행자들의 관계를 발견한 것이며, 업무 수행자의 능력을 분석하고 수치화하는데 유용하다. 그러나 워크플로우의 특성상 비연결 네트워크가 존재할 수 있으며, 이로 인해 논리적/수학적으로 수행자 분석에 타당하지 않은 결과를 도출할 수 있다. 즉, 워크플로우 네트워크를 분석하기에 앞서 해당 네트워크의 비연결성 여부를 판단해야한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 비연결성의 생성 원인을 규명하고, 워크플로우 기반 엔터프라이즈 소셜 네트워크 모델의 비연결성을 결정하기 위한 알고리즘을 제안한다. In this paper, we propose a disconnectedness determination algorithm for workflow-supported enterprise social networks. this networks can be discovered from the work-allocation relationships between activities and performers in workflow procedures and It networks are useful to analyze, evaluate and numerically explain the work-performance of performers. But there could be the disconnectedness due to the characteristics of workflow, and therefore analysis result of performers can be inappropriate logically as well as mathematically. So, we have to decide whether or not this network is disconnectedness before we analyze workflow-supported enterprise social networks. Conclusively, we try to carry out a thorough investigation into the formation reasons of the disconnectedness, and propose a determination algorithm of the disconnectedness for workflow-supported enterprise social networks.

This paper tries to extend the conventional conceptual architecture of the Internet of Things in order to implement an advanced pervasive community computing platform, which is called “process-aware Internet of Things (IoT)”. The extended conceptual architecture is embodied in a standardization reference model through a conceptual integration of the Internet of Things and the process automations. Conclusively, we briefly describe the process-aware IoT platform and its standardization reference model to be applied to IoT-based pervasive computing systems and environments.