针对远距航空相机视场角较小的问题,介绍了目前常用的几种像移补偿技术,并对各种补偿方法进行了比较。采用小面阵相机并结合系统光学元件通过在横滚方向的摆扫实现大场景地面成像,对摆扫过程进行了数学分析,得出了摆扫所需的扫描指令。通过仿真实验验证了推导的数学公式的正确性,仿真结果表明,应用该扫描指令即可通过小面阵航空相机实现地面大场景图像的获取。

在捷联惯导飞行器姿态优化的研究中,为了克服不可交换误差对计算精度的影响,目前常采用基于旋转矢量的姿态算法,利用陀螺仪的多次采样数据对不可交换误差进行补偿。因此采样的子样数越多,姿态计算精度越高。但是随着子样数目的增加,运算量及数据采集处理的复杂度也提高了,从而降低了工程实用性。为了既能够满足工程应用对运算量的限制,又能够保持姿态计算的精度,就需要对旋转矢量的姿态算法进行优化。优化算法的主要内容就是如何在低子样情况下提高姿态计算的精度,因此如何运用陀螺的子样数据就成为优化算法的主要难点。根据对子样的不同运用方式,将旋转矢量优化算法归纳为利用多阶叉乘项和利用前周期采样值的两类算法优化途径。采用双子样采样方式,对上述两类算法表达式进行了推导;采用仿真圆锥运动的方法,分析比较了两类优化算法的误差水平。仿真结果表明,同利用多阶叉乘项优化算法相比,利用前周期采样值的双子样优化算法精度更高,已经达到了传统三子样算法的精度水平,且运算量增加不多,因此上述优化方法具有较较高的工程应用价值。

The paper introduces the mechanism of temperature drift of fiber optic gyroscope(FOG),a temperature compensation model is established by using polynomial model.The established model is used to make temperature compensation on new experimental data.It is proved by the experiment that this method could reduce the gyro's temperature drift from 2.5°to 0.5°.The effect of compensation is distinct.

The LOS drift caused by the earth’s rotation is a knotty problem to the tank fire control system. A LOS drift suppression method based on inertial system parameters is proposed. By virtue of the vehicle inertial system,geographic coordinates and attitude information of aiming mirror are obtained,and the earth rate components respect to the stabilized aiming mirror frame is calculated. A stabilized control system is used to control two directional channels by adding the respective compensations and then the influence of earth rotation is counteracted. As a result,in view of the observer,LOS is still following the goal and not need operator to manually fine-tune it. This method is not only suitable for tank combat training system,but also can be used in stabilized sighting device of shipboard or airborne system.

Proposed in this paper is a fast sub-pixel algorithm based on phase correlation and image down-sampling for sub-pixel global motion estimation. First,down-sampling of the two images, then the pixel-level global motion vector of two images calculated. Then chooses the repeated area of the two images and interpolated them,the global motion estimation of sub-pixel-level is achieved. Finally,weighted calculate the results of pixel -level and sub -pixel -level,the global motion displacement of sub-pixel-level of the two images will be calculated out. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good robustness to noise,illumination and partial occlusion,and can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of motion estimation.

There are many algorithms in strapdown inertial navigation attitude calculation field. But it al-ways puzzled the designers about how to classify them and how to select appropriate attitude algorithm. To solve this problem,some widely used attitude algorithms such as quaternion method and direction cosine matrix method were classified based on angle velocity sampling and angle increment sampling. Analysis and comparison of these algorithms were presented by simulation method.

捷联惯性姿态计算中,传统观点认为,方向余弦法由于需要维护9个参数,而四元数法只需要4个参数,从而四元数法得到了广泛应有,成为经典算法.但是从捷联惯性导航与制导的整个过程看,方向余弦矩阵是必不可少的,而四元数却是中间变量.通过对方向余弦与四元数姿态算法进行深入分析比较,并对2种算法进行仿真表明:这2种算法精度相当,且方向余弦法具有容易使用、计算量小、编程方便等优点,因此完全可以替代四元数法.

Aiming at the inherent disadvantage of inertial navigation system (INS )that the posi-tioning error are accumulated over time ,the method of compensating errors in INS /dead reck-oning(DR) integrated system was put forward .The main factors which begot errors in dead reckoning were analyzed ,and the positioning error equation was given ,then the Kalman filter was built for errors compensation of integrated system .The difference of velocity between INS and DR was used as the input of Kalman filter ,the attitude error ,velocity error ,positioning error and the scale factor error of odometer were to be estimated which compensated the errors of integrated navigation system by feedback closed loop rectification .Two non-closed paths were selected in verification experiments .The positioning error of the first path is 3 .49‰ and 2 .3‰ before and after compensation respectively .And that of the second path is 2 .4‰ and 2‰before and after compensation respectively .Experiment results indicate that the system posi-tion accuracy is improved effectively by dead reckoning compensation method .

针对单兵综合观瞄仪对目标侦察定位的需要,从工程实用的角度出发,通过对观瞄仪中的各个功能模块进行分析,融合电子罗盘,GPS以及激光测距机等传感器进行信号综合处理,探讨了单兵综合观瞄仪中的一种有效目标位置解算方法.根据惯性空间坐标转换原理,通过三次坐标系变换导出由空间大地坐标求解观瞄目标坐标的直接计算公式.通过实验验算,结果表明,提出的直接解算方法引起的位置误差小于0.05m,可以满足目标侦察实际需要.

Advantages and disadvantages of several digital handle controller were discussed in this article . Considering pratical demand of one digital servo control system , a new-style digital handle controller with the communication of CAN-bus was de-signed . Basing the principle of angle rate integral , the hardware structure and software flow chart is persented in this paper . E-valuating after testing through the practice atempt and effect , this handle controller not only outputs discretionary angle-position , but also generates consecutively changing angle-rate of track . It has more flexibility and stability , and advantages of simple struc-ture , low cast and high reliability . There are potential application in digital servo control area such as radar track and monitoring around vision .