Secondary mineral deposits in caves, such as stalagmites, constitute valuable paleoclimate archives because they are largely protected from degradation due to stable in-cave conditions and can be precisely dated up to 600,000 years using 230Th/U-dating. [1] In addition to established climate proxies, such as stable isotopes and trace elements, organic proxies have become increasingly attractive in recent years for investigating local vegetation and soil dynamics. [2] Lignin, a biopolymer, is one of the main constituents of higher plants and consists of three monomeric units: sinapyl-, coniferyl-, and coumaryl alcohol. Lignin can be degraded into its monomeric units by alkaline CuSO4-oxidation [3]. Determination of the ratios among different oxidation products in a speleothem allows the reconstruction of the type of vegetation above the cave [4]. Biomass burning events are major sources of atmospheric particulate matter that influences global and local climate. [5] Investigating fire proxies in paleoclimate archives may therefore help to determine the interactions of climate, hydrology, and fire activity. Levoglucosan, an anhydrosugar, naturally only originates from the combustion of cellulose and thus constitutes a biomass burning marker. To date, no data on levoglucosan in speleothems have been published, whereas the anhydrosugar has already been utilised in other paleoclimate archives, such as sediments and ice cores. [2,5] Here we present preliminary results for samples from two flowstone cores from Cueva Victoria in south-eastern Spain. The investigated samples cover MIS 1 and 7-11. Speleothems from this cave are known to have grown in intervals for at least 450 000 years. [6] Due to the semi-arid climate in this region the speleothems have mostly grown during interglacials, thereby responding and documenting changes in paleoclimate. We aim to reconstruct vegetation changes, investigate the occurrence of fires, and compare the results with existing δ13C and δ18O data. [1] D. Scholz, D. Hoffmann, Quat. Sci. J. 57 (2008) 52–76 [2] A. Blyth et al. Quat. Sci. Rev. 149 (2016) 1-17. [3] G. Yan, K. Kaiser, Anal. Chem. 90 (2018) 9289–9295. [4] C.N. Jex, G.H. et.al. Quat. Sci. Rev. 87 (2014) 46–59. [5] P. Yao et al. J. of Glaciology 59 (2013) 599-611 [5] V. O. Elias et al. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta 65 (2001) 267-272. [6] L. Gibert, C. Ferrandez-Canadell (eds) (2015) Geology and Paleontology of Cueva Victoria (Mastia 11–13). Cartagena: Ayuntamiento de Cartagena.

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 85, Issue 9 p. 1424-1424 VortragFree Access Modellgestützte Beschreibung von Blasensäulen Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Grünewald, Corresponding Author Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Grünewald marcus.gruenewald@fluidvt.rub.de Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, GermanyRuhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. J.-B. Große Daldrup, Dr.-Ing. J.-B. Große Daldrup INEOS Phenol GmbH, Dechenstraße 3, D-45966 Gladbeck, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. M. Weber, Dr.-Ing. M. Weber INEOS Phenol GmbH, Dechenstraße 3, D-45966 Gladbeck, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. rer. nat. M. Weber, Dr. rer. nat. M. Weber INEOS Phenol GmbH, Dechenstraße 3, D-45966 Gladbeck, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDipl.-Ing. L. Schlusemann, Dipl.-Ing. L. Schlusemann Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDipl.-Ing. N. Abel, Dipl.-Ing. N. Abel Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Grünewald, Corresponding Author Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Grünewald marcus.gruenewald@fluidvt.rub.de Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, GermanyRuhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. J.-B. Große Daldrup, Dr.-Ing. J.-B. Große Daldrup INEOS Phenol GmbH, Dechenstraße 3, D-45966 Gladbeck, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. M. Weber, Dr.-Ing. M. Weber INEOS Phenol GmbH, Dechenstraße 3, D-45966 Gladbeck, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDr. rer. nat. M. Weber, Dr. rer. nat. M. Weber INEOS Phenol GmbH, Dechenstraße 3, D-45966 Gladbeck, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDipl.-Ing. L. Schlusemann, Dipl.-Ing. L. Schlusemann Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorDipl.-Ing. N. Abel, Dipl.-Ing. N. Abel Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 August 2013 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.201250701Citations: 4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume85, Issue9Special Issue: Jahrestagung der Fachgemeinschaft Fluiddynamik und TrenntechnikSeptember, 2013Pages 1424-1424 RelatedInformation

Allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for a variety of hematologic malignancies. Graft-versus-Host disease (GvHD) is a key contributor to treatment related morbidity and mortality and consequently limits the efficacy of allogeneic HSCT. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a well-known cytokine with immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, also important in context of GvHD. B cells have been described as potent IL-10 producers in various situations. Here we show how host as well as donor derived B cells contribute to GvHD amelioration through IL-10 production. We address the role of IL-10 in GvHD in an acute murine MHC mismatch model: Mice on a C57BL/6 background received bone marrow and CD90+ T cells from mice on a BALB/c background or vice versa. Transplantation experiments with IL-10 deficient donor or host cells clearly show the importance of donor derived IL-10 in general. To further dissect the cells contributing to IL-10 production in this situation we employed an IL-10 knock-in reporter mouse in which expression of eGFP is under control of the Il-10 locus. Lethal irradiation as used in the conditioning regiment before transplantation revealed B cells as major contributors of host derived IL-10. In addition, transfer of cells from reporter mice into preconditioned recipients showed also donor B cells as contributors to IL-10 production. A phenotypical characterization of the eGFP+ B cells exhibited a CD1d+TIM-1+CD5int phenotype, in line with immunoregulatory B cells. To finally confirm the relevance of B cells derived IL-10 in GvHD, we employed B6.B-IL-10-/- mice that have a B cell specific IL-10 knock-out as donors or recipients. Here we found a reduced survival associated with the incapability of the B cells to produce IL-10 in both cases. Taken together, our results provide new insights in the mechanisms and the variety of cells contributing to the course of GvHD. An improved understanding of these aspects might help to pave the way for new treatment options to overcome current limitations of allogenic HSCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The "motor unit number index" (MUNIX) is a new electrophysiological method to track motor neuron loss over time in neuromuscular diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This review gives an overview about this method and its advantages and limitations. Compared to other motor unit number estimation (MUNE) techniques, MUNIX is easy and quickly performed, non-invasive and applicable to several muscles in a reasonable amount of time. However, the patient's cooperation and accurately and carefully performed standard neurographical procedures are required and technical features have to be kept in mind in order to obtain reliable results. The available literature demonstrates a good inter-and intra-rater reproducibility in healthy volunteers and ALS patients. In ALS patients, longitudinal data suggests that the decline of MUNIX exceeds other established markers of disease progression and functional rating scales. This supports the concept that MUNIX is able to detect early motor neuron loss before clinical symptoms like weakness and atrophy and therefore before functional deterioration occurs. This makes the method a favourable candidate as a sensitive biomarker in longitudinal ALS trials and other progressive neuromuscular disorders.

BACKGROUND:Recently, mutations in the TARDBP gene encoding the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) have been identified in some familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and sporadic ALS patients. The phenotype and frequency of TARDBP mutation carriers reportedly varies greatly among European populations.OBJECTIVE:To define the phenotypic spectrum of TARDBP mutations and their frequency in a Swiss population.METHODS:A total of 225 patients diagnosed with ALS (182 sporadic cases, 43 familial cases) were screened for TARDBP mutations. All patients were carefully examined and interviewed for a familial predisposition. Except for 1 patient who was followed at the University of Geneva, all patients were followed at the Kantonsspital St. Gallen.RESULTS:43 patients (19.5%) had a definite family history for ALS. A TARDBP mutation was identified in 4 of these (9.3%). Two female ALS patients carried the p.Asn352Ser mutation. Both had limb onset and a slowly progressive course of the disease. A novel mutation (p.Gly376Asp) was identified in a 44-year-old female patient. Survival amongst affected family members varied between 6 and 18 months. The patient and also the other siblings affected with ALS had an accessory nipple. A fourth male patient carried the p.Ala90Val mutation. None of the patients had overt cognitive impairment. TARDBP mutations were not found among patients with sporadic forms of ALS.CONCLUSION:In this Swiss population, the frequency of familial ALS is higher than reported earlier in other populations. The novel p.Gly376Asp TARDBP mutation is associated with rapid disease progression and may be associated with an accessory nipple while the p.Asn352Ser mutation is associated with slow disease progression.

We studied two deep-sea cores from the Scotia Sea to reconstruct past atmospheric circulation in the southern hemisphere and to resolve a long-standing debate on the interpretation of magnetic susceptibility (MS) records in Southern Ocean (SO) sediment. High-sedimentation sites MD07-3134 (0.2–1.2 m/kyr) and MD07-3133 (0.3–2.1 m/kyr) cover the last 92.5 kyr and 36 kyr, respectively. Both exhibit a one-to-one coupling of the MS and Ca2+ signal to the non-sea salt (nss) Ca2+ signal of the EDML ice core, clearly identifying atmospheric circulation as means of distribution. Comparison of additional proxies also excludes major influence by volcanic sources, sea-ice, icebergs, or oceanic current transport. The close resemblance of the dust proxies over the last glacial cycle, in turn, allows for the establishment of an age model of unprecedented resolution and precision for SO deep-sea sediment because atmospheric transport involves no major leads or lags. This is of particular importance because MS is routinely measured on deep-sea cores in the SO but the sediments usually lack biogenic carbonate and therefore had only limited stratigraphic control so far.

In February and 2010 and February 2012, we have collected 3D ground-pentrating radar (GPR) data across the lake of the artificial water catchment Huhnerwasser (“chicken creek”) situated in the post-mining landscape of the opencast mine Welzow-Sud (Germany). This study shows, that the GPR technique can provide information relevant for analyzing fluvial erosion processes within the artificial catchment. We employed a conventional GPR surveying approach based on cart-mounted100 MHz antennae and a combination of the GPR instrument with a self-tracking total station on the frozen lake. Clear reflection from the lake bottom in the entire processed data cube are visible. Furthermore, deeper reflections can be recognized. These are interpreted to represent sedimentary structures associated with fluvial sedimentary input into the lake. In addition to detailed 3D images, our GPR data allow to quantify the amount of sedimented material. I am a PhD student and I would like to be considered for the AGAP-Quality Award.

Pain and anxiety are commonly experienced by cancer patients and both significantly impair their quality of life. Some authors claim that there is a relationship between pain and anxiety, while others suggest that there is not a direct association. In any case, there is indeed a consensus that anxiety impairs the pain condition beyond be under diagnosed and undertreated in cancer pain patients. Herein we investigated if rats presenting heat hyperalgesia induced by orofacial cancer cell inoculation would display anxiety-like behaviors. In addition, we evaluated if pain blockade would result in alleviation of anxiety behaviors, as well as, if blockade of anxiety would result in pain relief. Orofacial cancer was induced in male Wistar rats by inoculation of Walker-256 cells into the right vibrissal pad. Heat facial hyperalgesia was assessed on day 6 after the inoculation, and on this time point rats were submitted to the elevated plus maze and the light-dark transition tests. The influence of lidocaine and midazolam on heat hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors was assessed. The peak of facial heat hyperalgesia was detected 6 days after cancer cells inoculation, and at this time point, rats exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors. Local treatment with lidocaine (2%/50 μL) caused a marked reduction of heat hyperalgesia, but failed to affect the anxiety-like behaviors, while midazolam (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment failed to change the heat threshold, but induced an anxiolytic-like effect. Altogether, our data demonstrated that rats with orofacial cancer present pain- and anxiety-like behaviors, but brief heat hyperalgesia relief does not affect the anxiety-like behaviors, and vice-versa, in our experimental conditions.