Sport-specific well-being (WB) is a multidimensional concept for athletes' overall performance and mental health, yet few context-specific validated instruments exist to assess this construct. Two instruments were developed to provide a holistic assessment of athletes' WB and preliminary evidence for score validity was established using contemporary psychometric methods, including factor analysis and structural equation modeling (Boateng et al., 2018; Rose et al., 2025). The results demonstrated preliminary evidence of convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity across various psychosocial variables, including stress, global WB, and motivational factors, extending prior development work of the instruments. Cluster analyses identified four distinct WB profiles among athletes, offering deeper insights into the complexities of sport-specific WB. These findings suggest that the WBSQ and SWBEP may be valuable tools for practitioners seeking to enhance athletes' well-being and performance through targeted strategies and comprehensive assessment.

Abstract Background Despite the well-known benefits of physical activity (PA), non-communicable disease and premature mortality rates among adults continue to rise. The relationship between adults’ goals and exercise-specific motivation on the type of PA intensity one engages remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify physical activity (PA) profiles based on frequency and intensity (i.e., levels of PA) in an adult sample. A secondary purpose was to examine how the PA profiles differ on the reasons people have for exercising and behavioral regulation. Methods A Cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,169 (46.8 ± 16.7 years) participants solicited from a hospital-affiliated wellness center, social media promotions, and a research volunteer registry. The International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine frequency, intensity, and time spent engaging in PA. Additionally, the Reasons to Exercise (REX-2) scale, the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3), and demographics were assessed. K-cluster analyses were performed to identify profiles based on PA levels using the IPAQ guidelines. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to assess profile differences. Results Five distinct PA clusters were derived, and defined as: a Low, Walking, Moderate Intensity, High Intensity, and Sitting cluster (p < .001). These clusters differed significantly (p < .001) from each other with respect to motivation, the reasons adults have for exercise, and PA levels. Conclusion The results from this study support the important role of psychological factors such as motivation and reasons for exercise on behavioral outcomes (i.e., physical activity). For future research investigating adults PA- related behaviors, whether it be on adults starting a new exercise program or for PA maintenance, it may be beneficial to develop programs that encourage participants to reflect on the reasons they identify as important for exercising, and how such reasons contribute to their overall PA engagement behaviors.

Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Survey (HOOS) was developed as a region- and disease-specific outcome to assess hip disability. Despite the use of the HOOS in clinical practice and research, psychometric analyses of the scale in a large dataset of patients have not been performed. As such, the purposes of this study were to assess the structural validity of the HOOS in patients who underwent a total hip arthroplasty. Data were obtained from the Surgical Outcome System (SOS) global registry. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the scale structure of the 40-item HOOS and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify a parsimonious scale structure. The parsimonious model identified was subjected to multi-group and longitudinal invariance testing and LGC modeling. The original five-factor, 40-item HOOS did not meet recommended model fit indices values (CFI = 0.822, TLI = 0.809, IFI = 0.822, RMSEA = 0.085). Alternate model generation identified an alternative model (i.e., HOOS-9). Sound model fit was identified for the HOOS-9 (CFI = 0.974, TLI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.046). Invariance testing criteria were also met between groups (i.e., age and sex) and across time. Lastly, a nonlinear growth trajectory was identified in responses pertaining to hip disability. The original scale structure of the 40-item HOOS was not supported. The HOOS-9 met contemporary model fit recommendations, along with multi-group and longitudinal invariance testing. Our findings support the preliminary use of the HOOS-9 to assess hip function and disability in research and clinical practice.

The Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (HOOS-JR) was developed as a short-form survey to measure progress after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the longitudinal validity of the scale structure pertaining to the modified five-item HOOS-JR has not been assessed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural validity, longitudinal invariance properties, and latent growth curve (LGC) modeling of the modified five-item HOOS-JR in a large multi-site sample of patients who underwent a THA. A longitudinal study was conducted using data from the Surgical Outcome System (SOS) database. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to assess the structural validity and longitudinal invariance across five time points. Additionally, LGC modeling was performed to assess the heterogeneity of the recovery patterns for different subgroups of patients. The resulting CFAs met most of the goodness-of-fit indices (CFI = 0.964–0.982; IFI = 0.965–0.986; SRMR = 0.021–0.035). Longitudinal analysis did not meet full invariance, exceeding the scalar invariance model (CFIDIFF = 0.012; χ2DIFF test = 702.67). Partial invariance requirements were met upon release of the intercept constraint associated with item five (CFIDIFF test = 0.010; χ2DIFF = 1073.83). The equal means model did not pass the recommended goodness-of-fit indices (CFIDIFF = 0.133; χ2DIFF = 3962.49). Scores significantly changed over time, with the highest scores identified preoperatively and the lowest scores identified at 2- and 3-years postoperatively. Upon conclusion, partial scalar invariance was identified within our model. We identified that patients self-report most improvements in their scores within 6 months postoperatively. Females reported more hip disability at preoperative time points and had faster improvement as measured by the scores of the modified five-item HOOS-JR.

Objective: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has requested hospitals collect and report patient-reported outcomes (PROs) beginning in 2024 including the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement (HOOS-JR). However, scale structural validity of the HOOS-JR has minimally been assessed. The purpose of this study was to assess internal consistency, structural validity, and multi-group invariance properties of the HOOS-JR in a large sample of patients who underwent a total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: A cross-sectional study using the Surgical Outcomes System was retrospectively queried for patients who underwent a THA. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the HOOS-JR using a priori cut-off values. Multi-group invariance testing was also performed on the sample of patients across sex and age groups. Results: Internal consistency was acceptable for 6-item (alpha ​= ​0.88; omega ​= ​0.88) and 5-item (alpha ​= ​0.86; omega ​= ​0.86) HOOS-JR. The one-factor, 6-item CFA did not meet the recommended fit indices. The one-factor, 5-item CFA had acceptable fit for the sample data. Invariance testing criteria were met between the age groups; however, scalar invariance was not met for sex. Conclusion: The 6-item HOOS-JR did not meet contemporary model fit indices indicating that scale refinement is warranted. The 5-item met most goodness-of-fit indices and invariance criteria. However, further scale refinement may be warranted as localized fit issues were identified.

The purpose of this study is to identify profiles based on the reasons adults have for being physically active. A secondary purpose was to examine how profiles differ on motivational regulation and physical activity (PA). A total of 1275 (46.5 ± 16.8 years) participants were solicited from a hospital-affiliated wellness center, social media promotions, and a research volunteer registry. The Reasons to Exercise (REX-2) scale, International PA Questionnaire, Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3, and demographic questionnaire were utilized to assess variables of interest with a cross-sectional survey. Using SPSS Version 26, K-cluster analysis was used to identify profiles based on the reasons for exercise that individuals identified as important. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to assess profile differences followed by ANOVA. Four profiles were derived based on reason for exercise scores: a multi-reason positive (N = 361), a multi-reason negative (N = 232), an autonomous-focused (N = 259), and a control-focused cluster (N = 382) (p < .001). These unique clusters differed significantly (p < .001) from each other with respect to motivation to be active and PA. The multi-reason positive cluster engaged in higher levels of total moderate and vigorous PA minutes/week compared to the other clusters. Therefore, adult's motivation for PA may be likely to be affected by a combination of different informal goals and valuing a number of goals that are both extrinsic/controlling (e.g., to look good) and autonomous/intrinsic (e.g., to feel good), may promote greater autonomous motivation regulation and greater PA levels than highly autonomous/intrinsic goals alone.

Background Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), HOOS-Joint Replacement (JR), HOOS Physical Function (PS), and HOOS-12 item scale have been suggested as reliable and valid instruments for assessing hip disability. However, factorial validity, invariance across subgroups, and repeated measures of the scale across different populations have not been well supported in the literature. Purpose The primary study objectives were to: (1) assess model fit and psychometric properties of the original 40-item HOOS scale, (2) assess model fit of the HOOS-JR, (3) assess model fit of the HOOS-PS, and (4) assess model fit of the HOOS-12. A secondary objective was to perform multigroup invariance testing across physical activity level and hip pathology subgroups for models that met recommended fit indices. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study Methods Individual confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted for the HOOS, HOOS-JR, HOOS-PS, and HOOS-12. Additionally, multigroup invariance testing (i.e., activity level, injury type) was conducted on the HOOS-JR and HOOS-PS. Results Model fit indices did not meet contemporary recommendations for the HOOS and the HOOS-12. Model fit indices for the HOOS-JR and the HOOS-PS met some, but not all, contemporary recommendations. Invariance criteria was met for the HOOS-JR and HOOS-PS. Conclusion The scale structure of the HOOS and HOOS-12 were not supported; however, preliminary evidence to support the scale structure of the HOOS-JR and HOOS-PS was found. Clinicians and researchers who utilize the scales should do so with caution due to their limitations and untested properties until further research establishes the full psychometric properties of these scales and recommendations for their continued use.

Context Sleep has long been understood as an essential component for overall well-being, substantially affecting physical health, cognitive functioning, mental health, and quality of life. Currently, the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ) is the only known instrument designed to measure sleep behaviors in the athletic population. However, the psychometric properties of the scale in a collegiate student-athlete and dance population have not been established. Objective To assess model fit of the ASBQ in a sample of collegiate traditional student-athletes and dancers. Design Observational study. Setting Twelve colleges and universities. Patients or Other Participants A total of 556 (104 men, 452 women; age = 19.84 ± 1.62 years) traditional student-athletes and dancers competing at the collegiate level. Main Outcome Measure(s) A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was computed to assess the factor structure of the ASBQ. We performed principal component analysis extraction and covariance modeling analyses to identify an alternate model. Multigroup invariance testing was conducted on the alternate model to identify if group differences existed for sex, sport type, injury status, and level of competition. Results The CFA on the ASBQ indicated that the model did not meet recommended model fit indices. An alternate 3-factor, 9-item model with improved fit was identified; however, the scale structure was not consistently supported during multigroup invariance testing procedures. Conclusions The original 3-factor, 18-item ASBQ was not supported for use with collegiate athletes in our study. The alternate ASBQ was substantially improved, although more research should be completed to ensure that the 9-item instrument accurately captures all dimensions of sleep behavior relevant for collegiate athletes.

Demand for acceptance-based performance enhancement in the military has increased. This demand has created a need for effective measurement of mental skills training interventions. There is evidence for measuring per-formance enhancement interventions with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), a measure of psychological inflexibility (PI). The existence of multiple versions of the AAQ-II has caused confusion, and practitioners and researchers currently use both the 7-and 10-item versions. To address this need, responses from Special Operations Forces personnel were used to assess the psychometric properties of two versions of the AAQ-II, and to make a recommendation for the preferred model of the AAQ-II. In Study 1 (n = 416), the factor structure was examined using confirmatory factor analysis and alternative model testing. The AAQ-II was determined to be a unidimensional structure and analyses supported removal of the three reverse-scored items from the 10-item version of the scale. Removal of these items decreases cognitive load for participants and improves direct measurement of PI. Two problematic items were also removed, resulting in a 5-item model of PI. The recommended 5-item model demonstrated convergent and criterion validity, similar in magnitude and di-rection to the 10-and 7-item versions of the model. In Study 2 (n = 284), the retained 5-item model of PI fit a more diverse sample of Special Operations Forces personnel. The 5-item model demonstrated good internal reliability and demonstrated significant moderate relationships with convergent mindfulness factors. Future research should focus on creating response options which are more sensitive to differences in low levels of PI.

This article explores and develops the concept of the horizon as a figurative and analytical device used to negotiate the relations between experience, everyday life and historical time. Its central focus is Reinhart Koselleck's application of the concept, though it also draws on the work of Karl Mannheim (through his distinction between conjunctive and communicative experience) and Raymond Williams (through his concept of structure of feeling) in order to add to and refine Koselleck's use of the term in examining the temporal structures of experience and expectation. Our sense of historical time is generated through the tensions between experience and expectation, everyday life and social process. These are, of course, historically variable and contingent. During the course of modernity and late modernity, experience and expectation have become increasingly divergent. Their separation has profoundly affected how we think about historical time in relation to everyday life and the span of a generation and a lifetime. It also turns the conception of history as historia magistra vitae on its head, with modernity increasingly forced to fund itself ethically out of its own transient present. The article discusses the main aspects of these changes and how they have altered the balance between the space and horizon of experience and expectation. It attends both to the need to examine historical concepts in terms of their various meanings and implications, and to the ways in which the particular concept of the horizon can help illuminate the consequences of accelerating time in the conditions of modernity and late modernity. The diminution of historical understanding in relation to everyday life is seen as among the most serious of these consequences.

Background Patient-centered care and evidence-based practice (EBP) are core competencies for health care professionals. The importance of EBP has led to an increase in research involving clinical outcomes; current recommendations emphasize collecting patient focused measures, thus increasing the need for psychometrically sound patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) of health. Disablement has been identified as a valuable multi-dimensional construct for patient care. The Disablement in the Physically Active Scale Short Form-8 (DPA SF-8) has been proposed as a tool to be used in the physically active population that assesses a physical summary component of health and a quality of life component however, further analysis is necessary to ensure the instrument is psychometrically sound. Methods Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted on the DPA SF-8 at each time point to ensure factor structure. Reliability of the scale and internal consistency of the subscales were assessed, and a minimal detectable change (MDC) calculated. Additionally, a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was also established, and invariance testing across three time points and groups was conducted. Results The CFAs at all three visits exceeded recommended model fit indices. The interclass correlation coefficient value (.924) calculated indicated excellent scale reliability and Cronbach’s alpha for subscales PHY and QOL were within recommend values. The MDC value calculated was 5.83 and the MCID for persistent injuries were 2 points and for acute injuries, 3 points. The DPA SF-8 was invariant across time and across subgroups. Conclusions The DPA SF-8 met CFA recommendations and criteria for multi-group and longitudinal invariance testing, which indicates the scale may be used to assess for differences between the groups or across time. Our overall analysis indicates the DPA SF-8 is a valid, reliable, and responsive instrument to assess patient improvement in the physically active population.

The new edition of the highly respected Researching Communications is a comprehensive and authoritative guide to researching media and communication. Researching Communications, Third Edition is an invaluable guide to performing and analysing research tasks, introducing the major research methods, giving detailed examples of research analysis and practical step-by-step guidance in clear language.

CONTEXT:Psychometrically sound instruments are needed to accurately track the effectiveness of treatment and assess the quality of patient care. The Disablement in the Physically Active (DPA) scale Short Form-10 (SF-10) was developed as a more parsimonious version of the Disablement in the Physically Active scale to assess disablement in the physically active. Psychometric assessment of the DPA SF-10 has not been completed; specifically, the scale properties must be assessed among a sample of individuals who respond only to the 10-item scale at multiple time points.OBJECTIVE:To assess the psychometric properties of the DPA SF-10 using confirmatory factor analysis and invariance procedures across multiple time points.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):Confirmatory factor analyses and longitudinal invariance tests were conducted.RESULTS:The DPA SF-10 met contemporary fit index recommendations and demonstrated longitudinal invariance; however, localized fit concerns suggest further modification is needed.CONCLUSIONS:Adoption of the DPA SF-10 into widespread clinical practice and research is not recommended until further psychometric testing and scale modification are performed.

Background Suicide is a public health concern, with an estimated 1 million individuals dying each year worldwide. Individual psychological pain is believed to be a contributing motivating factor. Therefore, establishing a psychometrically sound tool to adequately measure psychological pain is important. The Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP) has been proposed; however, previous psychometric analysis on the OMMP has not yielded a consistent scale structure, and the internal consistency of the subscales has not met recommended values. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the OMMP in a diverse sample. Methods A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the 9-factor, 44-item OMMP was conducted on the full sample ( n = 1151). Because model fit indices were not met, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on a random subset of the data ( n = 576) to identify a more parsimonious structure. The EFA structure was then tested in a covariance model in the remaining subset of participants ( n = 575). Multigroup invariance testing was subsequently performed to examine psychometric properties of the refined scale. Results The CFA of the original 9-factor, 44-item OMMP did not meet recommended model fit recommendations. The EFA analysis results revealed a 3-factor, 9-item scale (i.e., OMMP-9). The covariance model of the OMMP-9 indicated further refinement was necessary. Multigroup invariance testing conducted on the final 3-factor, 8-item scale (i.e., OMMP-8) across mental health diagnoses, sex, injury status, age, activity level, and athlete classification met all criteria for invariance. Conclusions The 9-factor, 44-item OMMP does not meet recommended measurement criteria and should not be recommended for use in research and clinical practice in its current form. The refined OMMP-8 may be a more viable option to use; however, more research should be completed prior to adoption.

A nostalgia tem sido vista como o oposto conceitual do progresso, contra o qual é vista negativamente como reacionária, sentimental ou melancólica. Foi visto como um recuo derrotista do presente e evidência de perda de fé no futuro. A nostalgia é certamente uma resposta à experiência de perda endêmica na modernidade e na modernidade tardia, mas os autores argumentam que ela tem inúmeras manifestações e não pode ser reduzida a uma definição singular ou absoluta. Isso quer dizer que seus significados são múltiplos e, portanto, devem ser vistos como a acomodação de impulsos progressivos e até utópicos, bem como posturas regressivas e atitudes melancólicas. Suas contradições podem ser evidentes nas formas vernacular e midiática de lembrança e reconstrução histórica. Os autores argumentam que tais contradições devem ser vistas como mutuamente constitutivas, pois é nas suas inter-relações que surge o potencial para a crítica sociológica.

This chapter describes methods to locate and provenance Indigenous Ancestral Remains among the many museums and collections that hold them around the world. Its primary focus is information contained in published and archival sources, but it also briefly discusses scientific techniques. The chapter can be used by repatriation practitioners in (or working for) communities and also by museum staff engaged in repatriation. Community practitioners need to locate and provenance their Ancestral Remains in national and international collections. In order to facilitate repatriation, museum staff must also undertake provenance research and may also need to find out where an entire collection came from or where their museum sent remains to, whether as loans or exchanges. The importance of understanding the history of collections, collecting pathways, and collecting networks cannot be underestimated, nor can the effectiveness of rigorous historical research. Understanding this history helps to support successful repatriation practice and to avoid common pitfalls in repatriation processes.