On 26 September 2022, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the satellite of binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This demonstrated the efficacy of a kinetic impactor for planetary defense by changing the orbital period of Dimorphos by 33 minutes (Thomas et al. 2023). Measuring the period change relied heavily on a coordinated campaign of lightcurve photometry designed to detect mutual events (occultations and eclipses) as a direct probe of the satellite's orbital period. A total of 28 telescopes contributed 224 individual lightcurves during the impact apparition from July 2022 to February 2023. We focus here on decomposable lightcurves, i.e. those from which mutual events could be extracted. We describe our process of lightcurve decomposition and use that to release the full data set for future analysis. We leverage these data to place constraints on the post-impact evolution of ejecta. The measured depths of mutual events relative to models showed that the ejecta became optically thin within the first ~1 day after impact, and then faded with a decay time of about 25 days. The bulk magnitude of the system showed that ejecta no longer contributed measurable brightness enhancement after about 20 days post-impact. This bulk photometric behavior was not well represented by an HG photometric model. An HG1G2 model did fit the data well across a wide range of phase angles. Lastly, we note the presence of an ejecta tail through at least March 2023. Its persistence implied ongoing escape of ejecta from the system many months after DART impact.

"Recurrent cornual pregnancy, successfully treated with methotrexate, following a ruptured pregnancy in the contralateral cornu." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 34(1), p. 85

Context. The ESO public survey VISTA variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) started in 2010. VVV targets 562 sq. deg in the Galactic bulge and an adjacent plane region and is expected to run for about five years.Aims. We describe the progress of the survey observations in the first observing season, the observing strategy, and quality of the data obtained.Methods. The observations are carried out on the 4-m VISTA telescope in the ZYJHK(s) filters. In addition to the multi-band imaging the variability monitoring campaign in the K-s filter has started. Data reduction is carried out using the pipeline at the Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit. The photometric and astrometric calibration is performed via the numerous 2MASS sources observed in each pointing.Results. The first data release contains the aperture photometry and astrometric catalogues for 348 individual pointings in the ZYJHK(s) filters taken in the 2010 observing season. The typical image quality is similar to 0 ''.9-1 ''.0. The stringent photometric and image quality requirements of the survey are satisfied in 100% of the JHK(s) images in the disk area and 90% of the JHK(s) images in the bulge area. The completeness in the Z and Y images is 84% in the disk, and 40% in the bulge. The first season catalogues contain 1.28 x 10(8) stellar sources in the bulge and 1.68 x 10(8) in the disk area detected in at least one of the photometric bands. The combined, multi-band catalogues contain more than 1.63 x 10(8) stellar sources. About 10% of these are double detections because of overlapping adjacent pointings. These overlapping multiple detections are used to characterise the quality of the data. The images in the JHK(s) bands extend typically similar to 4 mag deeper than 2MASS. The magnitude limit and photometric quality depend strongly on crowding in the inner Galactic regions. The astrometry for K-s = 15-18 mag has rms similar to 35-175 mas.Conclusions. The VVV Survey data products offer a unique dataset to map the stellar populations in the Galactic bulge and the adjacent plane and provide an exciting new tool for the study of the structure, content, and star-formation history of our Galaxy, as well as for investigations of the newly discovered star clusters, star-forming regions in the disk, high proper motion stars, asteroids, planetary nebulae, and other interesting objects.

We have completed a low-inclination ecliptic survey for distant and slow-moving bright objects in the outer solar system. This survey used data taken over 34 months by the University of Arizona's Spacewatch Project based at Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak. Spacewatch revisits the same sky area every three to seven nights in order to track cohorts of main-belt asteroids. This survey used a multiple-night detection scheme to extend our rate sensitivity to as low as 0.012 arcsec hr(-1). When combined with our plate scale and flux sensitivity (V approximate to 21), this survey was sensitive to Mars-sized objects out to 300 AU and Jupiter-sized planets out to 1200 AU. The survey covered approximately 8000 deg(2) of raw sky, mostly within 10 degrees of the ecliptic but away from the Galactic center. An automated motion-detection program was modified for this multinight search and processed approximately 2 terabytes of imagery into motion candidates. This survey discovered 2003 MW12, currently the tenth largest classical Kuiper Belt object. In addition, several known large Kuiper Belt objects and Centaurs were detected, and the detections were used with a model of our observational biases to make population estimates as a check on our survey efficiency. We found no large objects at low inclinations despite having sufficient sensitivity in both flux and rate to see them out as far as 1200 AU. For low inclinations, we can rule out more than one to two Pluto-sized objects out to 100 AU and one to two Mars-sized objects to 200 AU.

Shoulder dystocia ‘skill drills’ are a requirement for the Maternity CNST standards. However, there is, as yet, no evidence that training in the management of shoulder dystocia improves outcome. We developed a mannequin for training and investigated its effectiveness. The management of shoulder dystocia improved following training with the mannequin. There was a reduction in the head‐to‐body delivery duration, and the maximum applied delivery force, following training; however, these did not reach statistical significance. After training no subject applied a delivery force of greater than 100 N, a level above which fetal injury has been shown to occur.

Shoulder dystocia is unpredictable and can result in unacceptably high morbidity. Currently there are no high fidelity training models available and this project evaluates a realistic mannequin which can be used to train midwives and doctors to correctly manage shoulder dystocia so as to reduce morbidity. Thirty-eight midwives and obstetricians in two South West hospitals were evaluated using the high fidelity training mannequin we developed. Practical skills required to deliver the baby were assessed using a validated checklist which assessed the timing and the execution of the manoeuvres. Force data were collected using a real-time force monitoring system, anatomically designed to simulate brachial plexus forces. There was a statistically significant increase in the total scores obtained by both groups after training (P-values <0.003). The data on force were obtained from only 10 participants, but still showed clinically significant findings. Peak traction forces ranged from 7 N to 379 N (95% CI of −2.3–163.9 N) before training, and 14 to 81 N (95% CI of 29.0–64.9 N) after training. Time to delivery also tended to be shorter (95% CI of 120.3–222.9 seconds before training and 88.0–154.4 seconds after training).

Language specific program editors have an unenviable reputation; they are generally regarded as not having fulfilled the potential that they appear to offer. On the other hand, editing mechanisms such as direct manipulation have been very effective in other editing contexts, such as in drawing editors. It may be that these kinds of editing mechanisms would be effective in program editors, but it is most unclear what form useful mechanisms would take. The ability to generate prototype program editors that incorporate novel editing mechanisms, such as direct manipulation, from a description of the desired editing mechanisms (along with other information, including that describing the programming language) would greatly facilitate the empirical studies necessary to evaluate and refine these editing mechanisms. This paper describes an approach to the generation of program editors that incorporate novel editing mechanisms such as direct manipulation. The technique employed to describe the editing mechanisms is presented, along with an outline of how the various components of the generator interact to produce a complete program editor.

By establishing separate timetables for senior house officers and registrars, an obstetrics and gynaecology department has been able to reduce out-of-hours work while offering training relevant to the doctors' proposed careers. Following the establishment of a daily, open-access gynaecology clinic, extending the role of midwives has reduced the out-of-hours workload of junior doctors. Emergency admissions, a major feature of out-of-hours work, have fallen by a quarter.

Debugging remains a difficult part of software development. In essence, it involves understanding the relationship between the static program description (i.e., the “source code”) and the dynamic executing program (which presumably is not functioning in a way which is totally consistent with the program’s specification). The traditional tools at a programmer’s disposal for assisting with the process of understanding the relationship between the static and dynamic programs have been to use a textual program listing or display for the former and trace printing of evidence of program execution for the latter. More recently, some developers have started to use tools that provide more extensive information about program execution, but these tools are generally not well integrated with the remainder of the software development environment and are not widely used in practice as yet. This paper describes some steps towards providing improved support for debugging activities via run-time views in a multiple view software development environment. This environment contains a range of views of the static program, including textual, treebased, and flowchart views, and the work described here has extended these with some simple views of the executing program, as part of the process of adding execution support to the environment. These views of the dynamic program illustrate how a multiple view environment may provide information about both the static and dynamic programs in an integrated fashion, and hence provide improved debugging support for software development.

There is an increasing trend towards non-invasive diagnosis and conservative treatment for early pregnancy problems. Although there are enormous potential benefits for women being treated thus, the ideal treatment methods and diagnostic algorithms have yet to be elucidated, Further large-scale studies are required.

Visualisation has the potential to greatly enhance the ability of software developers in both the comprehension and construction of programs. A number of systems have been developed that present programs graphically; a relatively small subset of these systems also permit these graphical presentations to be used as the basis of manipulating the programs. However, given that the best way to present and manipulate programs graphically is unclear, it is important to be able to experiment with different visualisations and interaction styles. The ability to generate prototype editors from a description of the desired visualisation and interaction mechanisms (along with other information, such as that describing the programming language) would greatly facilitate the empirical studies necessary to evaluate and refine these editing mechanisms. This paper describes and illustrates an approach to specifying highly interactive, visual program editors; this approach permits the automatic generation of prototype editors. Some indicative editing mechanisms are specified and the resulting prototypes presented.

Language spectfic editors, since they are cognisant of the syntax and semantics of the programming language they manipulate, -should provide a number of advantages for software developers. Howevel; they have not been widely accepted by software developers for serious soflware de- velopment. In other domains, such as drawing and VLSI design, direct manipulation editors (which are also cog- nisant of the entities they manipulate) have proven to be successful. Consequently, the incorporation of direct ma- ' nipulation into program editors is worthy of investigation. Furthermore, the generation of editors from descriptions of the language to be handled and the editing mechanisms to be used has a number of advantages. Thus, this paper out- lines a technique for specifying direct manipulation editing of programs which is amenable to the generation of lan- guage speciJc editors from a spectfkation of the desired editing mechanisms.

The MultiView programming environment, which uses a specialisation of the MultiView architecture for multiple view systems, stores program components as abstract syntaz trees and unparses these trees into each of the views of interest. One possible limitation of this approach, however, is that the views may be tied too rigidly to the canonical representation employed and suffer from some of the undesirable characteristics of some past language-specific editors.! This paper describes .some on-going work to investigate novel editing mechanisms which are more flexible and which may thus be more attractive to users than some past editing mechanisms. This work also aims to allow the generation of these views from a description of how the program components should be displayed and manipulated. In this paper, we describe how these ideas have been applied to the specijication of direct manipulation editing of program components in MultiView views.

SummaryWe assessed the effect of introducing a rapid, serum /?-hCG assay as part of a routine ‘early pregnancy assessment’ service in a District General Hospital on treatment costs and the negative laparoscopy rate.Eighty-five consecutive women presenting who had an empty uterus on transvaginal scan and a positive urinary pregnancy test had a serum β-hCG measured. They were managed according to a simple algorithm. Laparoscopy was performed when a serum β-hCG was above a threshold level of 1000 iu/1.he algorithm had a sensitivity of 100 per cent and the negative laparoscopy rate was reduced from 61 to 9 per cent. There were no false negative diagnoses and no emergency admissions in those patients discharged home.This simple addition to an already established early pregnancy assessment service, in our unselected population, has provided a safe and cost effective method which can reduce unnecessary admissions and operative morbidity in the management of suspected ectopic pregnancy.

Language specific editors, since they are cognisant of the syntax and semantics of the programming language they manipulate, should provide a number of advantages for software developers. However they have not been widely accepted by software developers for serious software development. In other domains, such as drawing and VLSI design, direct manipulation editors (which are also cognisant of the entities they manipulate) have proven to be successful. Consequently, the incorporation of direct manipulation into program editors is worthy of investigation. Furthermore, the generation of editors from descriptions of the language to be handled and the editing mechanisms to be used has a number of advantages. Thus, this paper outlines a technique for specifying direct manipulation editing of programs which is amenable to the generation of language specific editors from a specification of the desired editing mechanisms

SummaryWe prospectively offered 100 women early or standard postoperative hospital discharge after abdominal hysterectomy. Questionnaires were circulated to patient and genera] practitioner 3 months later. The early discharge policy resulted in the median postoperative hospital convalescence being reduced from 5 to 3 days (p<0–00l). General practitioner consultation rates were increased, home visiting rising threefold (P<005). There was not. however, a significant difference in complication rates, subjective pain, analgesic requirements or postoperative recovery time between the two groups, and the early discharge policy was acceptable to the majority of patients.We conclude that the majority of women having an abdominal hysterectomy do not require a prolonged postoperative hospital convalescence, consequently there is potential for considerable financial savings within the hospital service but this is at the expense of an increased primary health care workload.

Educating housing and planning professionals and workers about housing issues is only a partial solution to the more efficient, equitable and environmentally-sensitive delivery of housing. Policy and planning reforms must carry with them the support of the wider public, of the residents who have to live in and pay for housing. This means educating the public about housing and related urban reform.

SummaryTubal pregnancies in 39 patients were treated by injection of 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2α into the tubal wall over the site of implantation. Postoperative stay varied from 12 to 60 hours. Patients were subsequently monitored as outpatients with serial estimations of β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) levels. Two women required a second injection with subsequent satisfactory resolution of the ectopic gestation and 3 women subsequently underwent salpingectomy. All women were offered hysterosalpingography 6 months after the procedure. Ten are still waiting to have the X-ray, 4 declined the offer, 11 women conceived with intra-uterine pregnancies before the hysterosalpingogram and 14 have had the X-ray performed. Of these 14, 10 have patency of the affected tube; in 3 of these there are peritubular adhesions. Three showed definite block of the affected tube and the other patient had findings suggestive of tubal spasm.