Background: The increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) suggests the need for early detection of risks. This study assessed the outcomes of community pharmacy-based screening for CVD risks and the association of sociodemographic characteristics with health parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy consumers of community pharmacy services aged 18 and above. Interventions included the measurement of blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, height/weight, visceral fat, and CVD risks. Study endpoints were outcomes of community pharmacy-based screenings and the association of sociodemographics with health parameters. Results: A high prevalence of elevated blood pressure 212 (53.1%), high visceral fat 167 (41.8%), high waist-to-hip ratio 176 (44.1%), and high body mass index (BMI) 251 (62.9%) were observed among the 400 study participants. Of the 152 (38.0%) with CVD risks, 84 (55.3%) had a medium risk. Age was statistically significant for CVD risks, blood pressure, heart rate, and BMI. Occupation was statistically significant for CVD risks and heart rate. Marital status was significantly associated with CVD risk. Conclusion: Several outcomes were observed, including a high prevalence of hypertension, high BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and overall medium CVD risks. These findings suggest the need for increased and targeted educational interventions.

Objectives: Health screening is essential for early detection and prompt management of diseases, particularly chronic conditions. The study assessed and classified participants’ health parameters according to standard classifications. Associations between participants’ socio-demographics and observed health parameters were also assessed. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 400 adults was performed in a community pharmacy in Nigeria, using a pretested questionnaire. Health parameters were measured and analyzed descriptively with SPSS version 24. Chi-square tests and Pearson’s correlation analysis were also performed (P < 0.05). Results: A 100% response rate was recorded in the study. Mean temporal temperature (TT) and respiratory rate (RR)/minute were 36.627°C ± 0.3143 and 18.20 ± 3.261, respectively. Almost half, (195; 48.8%) were 20–39-years-old. Almost all (399/400; 99.8%) had normal TT, normal RR (347/400; 86.8%), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (326/400; 81.5%), and about a third had pains (156/400; 39.0%). Age was significantly associated with RR (P = 0.008) and FBG (P = 0.002). Gender and educational levels were significantly associated with RR (P = 0.003) and FBG (P = 0.001), respectively. A weak negative correlation (r = −0.018; P = 0713) between participants’ FBG and TT was observed. FBG was negatively correlated with pain level (r = −0.091; P = 0.068), while pain level was negatively correlated with TT (r = −0.010; P = 0.832). Relationship between TT and RR showed weak positive correlation (r = 0.023; P = 0.637). Conclusion: Health parameters were mostly normal, but selectively associated with socio-demographics. The study shows the role of community pharmacists in routine point of care testings, and findings suggest a focus of healthcare on the correlation of age, gender and educational level with FBG and RR.

Introduction: Perceptions of pharmacy students as future health care providers can enhance the health and pharmaceutical care (PC) needs of older adults. The objective of this study was to investigate pharmacy students' awareness and perceptions of the health and PC needs of older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pharmacy students in Southwest, Nigeria for four weeks using a 39-item structured questionnaire. Unpaired t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were performed. A P < .05 was considered significant. Results: Based on 422 completed questionnaires, 299 (70.9%) were females, 283 (67.1%) were 20 to 24 years, 123 (29.2%) were in 200 Level, 402 (95.3%) had heard of PC with their first source of information being pharmacy school, 352 (83.4%). Reliability of the instrument was 0.92 (Cronbach's alpha). Mean + SD of pharmacy students' perceived health and PC needs of older adults were 3.73 +/- 1.176 and 4.21 +/- 1.031, respectively. The majority, 355 (84.2%), agreed on the importance of health care providers understanding their geriatric patients' family circumstances and social environment and 381 (90.3%) perceived that such will strengthen their professional relationship with older adults. Conclusions: Pharmacy students were aware of PC and indicated positive attitudes towards caring for older adults but few had provided care. Reinforcement of PC training and emphasis on geriatric topics in pharmacy curriculum are reiterated.

Older adults’ level of expectations about pharmaceutical care was assessed. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 196 patients attending the outpatient pharmacy of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State, Nigeria. An 18-item pretested questionnaire was self-administered for four weeks. Analysis was done with GraphPad Instat. P <0.05 was considered significant. Expectation score ranged from 12 to 60. The response rate was 65.8% (129/196). Nearly a half of the respondents (63, 48.8%) were 60-69 years old; seventy-three (56.6%) were females; 50 (38.8%) were businessmen/women; 104 (80.6%) were married; 61 (47.3%) had tertiary education; and 51 (39.5%) had an income of ˃N49, 999. Overall mean (SD) of expectations was 3.91 (0.96) with a score of 46.92 (78.2%). ‘Expectation to dispense prescriptions accurately’ had the highest (53.7), score. Respondents between 50-59 years of age, females, the unemployed, single, secondary educated and those with incomes of ₦40, 000- ₦49, 999 had higher expectations with no significant association. Keywords: Older adults, expectations, operational research.

Older adults are peculiar in diagnosis, medicine use and medication related problems. To categorize diagnosis, evaluate drug use and determine potentially inappropriate medications among ≥50 year olds, a 12 months retrospective audit was conducted using 300 medical files of adults aged 50 years and above attending outpatient clinics of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Information on sex, age, occupation, diagnosis and medicines prescribed was retrieved consecutively. Statistical Package for Social Science Version 20 was used for frequencies. Diagnosis was categorized using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM). Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were evaluated using the 2012 American Geriatric Society Beers Criteria. A majority of encounters were females, 173 (57.6%); traders by occupation, 144 (48.2%) and 60-69 years old, 107 (35.6%). Based on ICD-10-CM, hypertension (I10) 53 (17.7%) and osteoarthritis (M17), 47 (15.7%), were the most prevalent. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99), 85 (28.3%), was the most occurring title. The average number of medicines was 1.99. Antihypertensives (65.3%) were the most prescribed medicines. Diazepam, 35 (11.5%), and naproxen, 15 (5%), were the most prescribed Potentially Inappropriate Medications. Although numerous diagnoses and co-morbidities were encountered, medicine use was adjudged optimal. It is recommended that benefits be weighed against risk before use of such medicines. Keywords: Categorize, Diagnosis, ICD-10-M, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, OOUTH, Sagamu