The mammalian X and Y chromosomes share little homology and are largely unsynapsed during normal meiosis. This asynapsis triggers inactivation of X- and Y-linked genes, or meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Whether MSCI is essential for male meiosis is unclear. Pachytene arrest and apoptosis is observed in mouse mutants in which MSCI fails, e.g., Brca1(-/-), H2afx(-/-), Sycp1(-/-), and Msh5(-/-). However, these also harbor defects in synapsis and/or recombination and as such may activate a putative pachytene checkpoint. Here we present evidence that MSCI failure is sufficient to cause pachytene arrest. XYY males exhibit Y-Y synapsis and Y chromosomal escape from MSCI without accompanying synapsis/recombination defects. We find that XYY males, like synapsis/recombination mutants, display pachytene arrest and that this can be circumvented by preventing Y-Y synapsis and associated Y gene expression. Pachytene expression of individual Y genes inserted as transgenes on autosomes shows that expression of the Zfy 1/2 paralogs in XY males is sufficient to phenocopy the pachytene arrest phenotype; insertion of Zfy 1/2 on the X chromosome where they are subject to MSCI prevents this response. Our findings show that MSCI is essential for male meiosis and, as such, provide insight into the differential severity of meiotic mutations' effects on male and female meiosis.

The definitive guide to deriving business value from IP video solutions Using todays rich new IP-based technologies for video, voice, and web collaboration, businesses can streamline and accelerate processes, increase productivity, and improve both top and bottom lines. In The Power of IP Video, a team of Cisco experts shows you exactly how to make the most of these powerful new IP video solutions. Writing for both business and technical decision makers, the authors present new best practices for optimizing virtually any program or process and for improving collaboration between virtually every employee, customer, supplier, and stakeholder. Drawing on their pioneering experience working with IP video internally and supporting the top Cisco customers, the authors show you how to make the business case for IP video and offer practical guidance for successful implementation. To demonstrate IP video at work, they also present an extensive set of case studies from large, medium-size, and small companies in many leading industries. Along the way, they demonstrate the real-world application and value of several key Cisco solutions, including Cisco Unified MeetingPlace, Cisco Unified Video Advantage, Cisco Unified Communications Manager, Cisco TelePresence, Cisco Digital Media Management, video surveillance, and WebEx. Use IP video to meet the needs of knowledge workers while reducing travel and other costs Extend IP video from the office to anywhere work takes you Identify opportunities to leverage IP video in finance, marketing, sales, manufacturing, and R&D Apply IP video in financial services, healthcare, e-learning, high tech, sports and entertainment, and other industries Use IP video to scale the impact of your senior executives Use rich media to systematically eliminate barriers to global collaboration while saving money Estimate the business value of visual networking applications Jennifer Baker, senior manager in the Worldwide Technology Practice group at Cisco, leads marketing efforts around TelePresence, Digital Media Management, and related solutions. Felicia Brych Dalke is marketing operations manager for Collaboration Business Services. Mike Mitchell is currently director of the Collaboration Business Solutions team at Cisco, responsible for connecting business processes with visual networking tools. Nader Nanjiani is marketing manager for Unified IP Communications at Cisco, and co-author of The Business Case for E-learning (Cisco Press). This volume is in the Network Business Series offered by Cisco Press. Books in this series provide IT executives, decision makers, and networking professionals with pertinent information about todays most important technologies and business strategies. Category: Networking: IP Communications Covers: IP Video

This application report describes and shows how to implement a single-chip thermo- couple interface without using the signal conditioning circuitry normally required for thermocouples. The thermocouple interfaces directly to the MSP430F42x devices from Texas Instruments, Inc. The MSP430 uses its internal 16-bit sigma-delta ADC to convert the thermocouple readings to a digital value, convert them to temperature, and display them on an LCD. A complete schematic and code listing are given at the end of this report. This application report describes and shows how to implement a single-chip, direct thermocouple interface, without using the signal conditioning circuitry normally required for thermocouples. The thermocouple interfaces directly to the MSP430F42x microcontroller from Texas Instruments, Inc. The MSP430F42x device is an ultralow-power microcontroller with integrated 16-bit sigma-delta ADC. The integrated ADC is used to convert the thermocouple voltage into digital values and the MSP430F42x CPU is used to convert the digital values into temperature and display them on an LCD. A complete schematic is given in the appendix and the complete code used for this report is downloadable from the Internet. For this application report a type K thermocouple was used and the measured temperature range was limited to 0 - 99.9 ° C. Thermocouples are constructed of two dissimilar metals welded at one end. They produce a voltage at the non-welded end relative to the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermocouple. So, it is not enough to simply measure the thermocouple voltage to determine its temperature. That will only tell you the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermocouple. The temperature of the cold junction (the connection of the thermocouple to the measuring device) must also be known. As a result, some type of cold junction compensation is required. Often, circuits are employed to produce a voltage proportional to the cold junction temperature. This voltage is injected into the circuit and is part of the typical thermocouple signal conditioning circuitry.

Recent empirical work provides evidence that people take actions out of a concern for relative income standing, and recent theoretical work illustrates that more can be explained if we move beyond standard choice theory to recognize “positional income concerns”. However, because most income is derived from allocating time toward labor and away from leisure, any observed positional concern for income is potentially confounded with a positional concern for leisure. Our work addresses this potential confounding problem. Among our survey participants, we find “follower behavior” to be more prevalent when positional concerns for income and leisure can be confounded than when only a positional concern for income is possible. This implies that what we perceive as people trying to “keep up with the Jones' income” may also partly be an effort to keep up (or down) with the Jones' leisure. A positional concern for income was more likely exhibited by those who were younger, more competitive, non-Caucasian, less satisfied with how much they are accepted by others, more satisfied with their religious fulfillment, and by those who gambled more often.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemKits: A Teacher-Training and Instrument-Sharing ProjectMike Mitchell , Carolyn Herman , and David Shubert View Author Information Vice President and Academic Dean, Bethany College, Lindsborg, KS 67456 formerly at Department of Chemistry, Southwestern College, Winfield, KS 67156-2499 Department of Chemistry, Newman University, Wichita, KS 67231Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 10, 1409Publication Date (Web):October 1, 1999Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed076p1409https://doi.org/10.1021/ed076p1409research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:High school chemistry,High school teachers,Probes,Students Get e-Alerts

In many process areas atmospheric corrosion problems are often most severe in areas where high temperature surfaces are subject to cyclic conditions and also where these areas are insulated. Solutions are proposed to prevent this corrosion by the use of non-zinc coatings. Also, a route to inherent corrosion protection, along with thermal insulation is presented. This also gives damage resistance, ease of application, adhesion and personnel protection. Further derivatives of this technology, which will also be discussed, allow thermal insulation of sub- structures, even to depths in excess of 3000 metres.

Where guidance states this is recommended practice or text is given in italics then this should be followed to ensure quality of service. It is recommended that genetic testing for haemophilia in the UK should be performed in a member laboratory of the UKHCDO Haemophilia Genetics Laboratory Network. This is a consortium of laboratories, within Comprehensive Care Haemophilia Centres and Regional Genetics laboratories, which work to agreed peer-reviewed standards of quality. Retention and storage of records and specimens relating to molecular diagnosis in the UK must conform with the Human Tissue Act 2004 and guidance from the Royal College of Pathologists and Institute of Biomedical Science on the retention and storage of pathological records and specimens, 4 edition, 2009.