Wisdom and psychological resilience function as critical adaptive mechanisms that buffer against mounting academic stressors and attenuate the risk of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Despite their theoretical importance, empirical inquiry into the interplay among wisdom, resilience, and PLEs within the undergraduate population remains underexplored. Therefore, the present study explores the mediating role of psychological resilience between wisdom and psychotic-like experiences to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the mental health of college students. A total of 1,974 college students from a selected medical college were included in the data analysis using a convenience sampling method. All participants completed three scales: the San Diego wisdom scale (SD-WISE), Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P15), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). And participants’ sociodemographic characteristics were collected. Mediation analysis indicated that psychological resilience mediates the association between wisdom and CAPE-P15 (a = 0.28, b = − 0.39, c = 0.08, c′ = 0.19). Corroborated by cluster analysis and network analysis, the findings suggest that resilience significantly buffers against the potential adverse impact of wisdom.

BACKGROUND:Schizotypal personality (SP) is characterized by cognitive-perceptual disturbances, interpersonal difficulties, and disorganized behavior. We examined associations between SP traits and affect, and insula-centered neural mechanisms underlying this link. METHODS:One hundred sixty-one university students completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and underwent resting-state fMRI. Seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analyses used bilateral ventral anterior, dorsal anterior, and posterior insula seeds. Pearson correlations and mediation analyses tested associations among SP traits, negative affect, and FC. RESULTS:Cognitive-perceptual traits correlated positively with negative affect (r = 0.36, p < 0.001). FC between the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL.R) and the left ventral anterior insula (vAI.L) was positively correlated with cognitive-perceptual traits (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), whereas FC between the right cerebellar Crus I and the vAI.L was negatively correlated (r = -0.37, p < 0.001). FC between the right ventral anterior insula (vAI.R) and the Left Calcarine Gyrus (CAL.L) was also negative (r = -0.30, p < 0.001). vAI.L-IPL.R FC partially mediated the cognitive-perceptual traits-negative affect association (indirect effect = 0.1883, 95% bootstrap CI [0.0246, 0.4022]). CONCLUSION:vAI.L-IPL.R FC partially accounts for the link between cognitive-perceptual traits and negative affect, highlighting a potential neural pathway underlying affective vulnerability in SP.

IntroductionThe neural mechanisms that underpin cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia remain unclear. Previous studies have typically treated patients as a homogeneous group, despite the existence of distinct symptom presentations between deficit and non-deficit subtypes. This approach has been found to be inadequate, necessitating separate investigation.MethodsThis study was conducted at Daizhuang Hospital in Jining City, China, from January 2022 to October 2023. The study sample comprised 30 healthy controls, 19 patients with deficit schizophrenia, and 19 patients with non-deficit schizophrenia, all aged between 18 and 45 years. Cognitive abilities were evaluated using a change detection task. The NeuroScan EEG/ERP System, comprising 64 channels and utilising standard 10-20 electrode placements, was employed to record EEG signals. The multiscale entropy and sample entropy of the EEG signals were calculated.ResultsThe healthy controls demonstrated superior task performance compared to both the non-deficit (p < 0.001) and deficit groups(p < 0.001). Significant differences in multiscale entropy between the three groups were observed at multiple electrode sites. In the task state, there are significant differences in the sample entropy of the β frequency band among the three groups of subjects. Under simple conditions of difficulty, the performance of the healthy controls exhibited a positive correlation with alpha band sample entropy(r = 0.372) and a negative correlation with beta band sample entropy (r = -0.411). Deficit patients demonstrated positive correlations with alpha band sample entropy (r = 0.370), whereas non-deficit patients exhibited negative correlations with both alpha and beta band sample entropy (r = -0.451, r = -0.362). Under difficult conditions of difficulty, the performance of healthy controls demonstrated a positive correlation with beta band sample entropy (r = 0.486). Deficit patients exhibited a positive correlation with alpha band sample entropy (r = 0.351), while non-deficit patients demonstrated a negative correlation with beta band sample entropy (r = -0.331).ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that cognitive impairment in specific subtypes of schizophrenia may have distinct physiological underpinnings, underscoring the need for further investigation.

Background: The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on physical, psychological and social health in elderly life remains to be explored. Methods: This study utilized data from the 2020 Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the impact of adverse childhood experiences on physical, psychological, and social health in later life. Results: Linear regression showed that childhood experiences of parental death (for physical health: β = -0.067, P < 0.001; for psychological health: β= -0.065, P < 0.001) and starvation (for physical health: β = -0.108, P < 0.001; for psychological health: β = -0.057, P< 0.001; for social health: β = -0.132, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with poorer health status in old age. Conversely, limited access to medical resources in childhood was positively correlated with health status in later life (for physical health: β = 0.043, P< 0.001; for psychological health: β = 0.075, P < 0.001; for social health: β = 0.074, P < 0.001). Conclusions: ACEs including parental death, starvation, and limited healthcare access, have lasting effects on physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults. Integrating medical and social support systems should be considered by policymakers to mitigate the long-term health impacts of ACEs.

Background: Previous studies have documented brain structural changes in major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation (MDDSI). While sex differences in brain structure have been observed in MDD, the specific differences in MDDSI remain underexplored. This study aims to examine sex-specific cortical structural changes in MDDSI patients, with the goal of improving suicide risk assessment and supporting the development of sex-specific interventions. Methods: High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 177 participants, including 117 patients with MDD (44 males and 73 females) and 60 healthy controls (HC; 23 males and 37 females). Using FreeSurfer, we assessed the main effects of both group and sex, as well as sex-by-group interactions, on cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), cortical volume (CV), and local gyrification index (LGI). Pearson partial correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between sex-specific regions and SI scores. Results: Patients with MDDSI exhibited significantly reduced LGI in the right inferior and superior parietal cortices, irrespective of sex. Significant sex-by-group interactions were identified and post hoc analyses revealed that male MDDSI patients showed significantly greater CT in the right lingual gyrus (LG) compared to their female counterparts, along with smaller SA in the right lateral occipital cortex (LOC) and reduced CV in the right pericalcarine cortex (PCAL) compared to their sex-matched MDD patients without SI (MDDNonSI). No significant associations were found between these structural changes and SI scores. Conclusion: This study highlights sex-specific differences in cortical structures in MDDSI patients. These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying MDD with SI. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): ChiCTR2100049646.

The 33-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33) is a recently developed tool expanded from the 28-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28) to assess childhood trauma events, which showed good test-retest reliability over 2 weeks. However, little is known regarding the factor structure and long-term test-retest reliability of the CTQ-33. To fill such a gap, this study investigated the factorial validity of the CTQ-33 and test-retest reliability of the scale over a relatively long interval of 1 year. Data on demographics, the CTQ-33 scores, and mental health statuses such as depressive/anxiety symptoms were collected in Chinese adolescents (n = 188) twice across a one-year period. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the Chinese version of CTQ-33 has close factor validity when compared to the original CTQ-28 in college students. Furthermore, the total and most subscale scores of the CTQ-33 have fair to good test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients >0.6 for the total score, and > 0.4 for most subscales), except for the physical abuse subscale. Moreover, we replicated previous findings of significant positive relationships between levels of different childhood trauma subtypes using the CTQ-33. These findings provide initial evidence supporting that the CTQ-33 is overall reliable to assess childhood traumatic events in adolescents over relatively long intervals.

IntroductionThe childhood experiences of being overprotected and overcontrolled by family members have been suggested to be potentially traumatic. However, the possible associated factors of these experiences among young people are still not well studied. This study aimed to partly fill such gaps by a relatively large, nationwide survey of Chinese university students.MethodsA total of 5,823 university students across nine different provinces in China were included by the convenience sampling method in the data analyses. All participants completed the overprotection/overcontrol (OP/OC) subscale in a recently developed 33-item childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ- 33). Data were also collected on all participants’ socio-demographic profiles and characterization of mental health. Binary logistic regression was conducted to investigate the associated socio-demographic and psychological factors of OP/ OC.ResultsThe prevalence of childhood OP/OC was estimated as 15.63% (910/5,823) based on a cutoff OP/OC subscale score of ≥ 13. Binary logistic regression suggested that being male, being a single child, having depression, having psychotic-like experiences, lower family functioning, and lower psychological resilience were independently associated with childhood OP/OC experiences (all corrected-p < 0.05). The OP/OC was also positively associated with all the other trauma subtypes (abuses and neglects) in the CTQ-33, while there are both shared and unique associated factors between the OP/OC and other trauma subtypes. Post-hoc analyses suggested that OP/OC experiences were associated with depression in only females and associated with anxiety in only males.DiscussionOur results may provide initial evidence that childhood OP/OC experiences would have negative effects on young people’s mental health which merits further investigations, especially in clinical populations.

The childhood experiences of being overprotected and overcontrolled by family members have been suggested to be potentially traumatic. However, the possible associated factors of these experiences among young people are still not well studied. This study aimed to investigate the possible associated factors of childhood overprotection/overcontrol (OP/OC) experiences in young populations in a relatively large, nationwide sample of Chinese university students. A total of 5,823 university students across nine different provinces in China were recruited and included in the data analyses. All participants completed the OP/OC subscale in a recently developed 33-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33) to assess their OP/OC experiences. Data were also collected on socio-demographic information and multiple psychological characteristics of all participants. Binary logistic regression was conducted to investigate the associated factors of OP/OC. The prevalence of childhood OP/OC was estimated as 15.63% (910/5,823) based on a cutoff of OP/OC subscale score ≥ 13. Binary logistic regression suggested that being male, being a single child, having depression, having psychotic-like experiences, lower family functioning, and lower psychological resilience were independently associated with childhood OP/OC experiences (all corrected- p <0.05). The OP/OC was also positively associated with all the other trauma subtypes (abuses and neglects) in the CTQ-33. Post-hoc analyses suggested that OP/OC experiences were associated with depression in only females, and associated with anxiety in only males. Our results may provide initial evidence that childhood OP/OC experiences would have negative effects on young people’s mental health which merits further investigations, especially in clinical populations.

Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are subclinical psychotic symptoms in the general population which are linked to increased risks for later psychiatric disorders. Male and female adolescents were reported to experience PLEs differently, but the results were mixed in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate possible sex differences in the prevalence of adolescent PLEs using a large pooled sample. A total of 21,248 Chinese adolescents aged 11 to 19 years were included, which were drawn from five separate cross-sectional surveys undertaken between 2015 to 2021 in China. PLEs were measured by the 8-item Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. Using binary logistic regression analyses, no significant sex differences were found in the overall prevalence of PLEs after controlling for age and dataset effects. As for specific PLE subtypes, however, being female was associated with a higher prevalence of delusion of reference and a lower prevalence of visual hallucinations. Furthermore, post-hoc subgroup analyses showed that the sex differences in visual hallucinations persist across both early (<= 14 years old) and late (> 14 years old) adolescence, while differences in the delusion of reference were significant in only early adolescence. These findings may help us to further understand the biological basis of PLEs.

Background: The association between childhood trauma (CT) and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is well-established. Many previous studies have recognized wisdom as a protective factor for mental health, but its role in the relation between CT and PLEs remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the mediating effect of wisdom in the above association among Chinese college students. Methods: We conducted a nationwide survey covering 9 colleges across China and recruited a total of 5873 students using online questionnaires between September 14 and October 18, 2021. Convenience sampling was adopted. We employed the San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), and the 15-item Positive Subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-15) to measure the wisdom, CT and PLEs, respectively. Descriptive, correlation, and mediation analysis were utilized. Results: The positive correlation between CT and PLEs was well-replicated among college students (Pearson’s r = 0.30, p < 0.001). Wisdom was negatively associated with CT (Pearson’s r = − 0.46, p < 0.001) and frequency of PLEs (Pearson’s r = − 0.25, p < 0.001). Total wisdom scores partially mediated the relationship between cumulative childhood trauma, neglect, abuse and PLEs, separately. The mediated model respectively explained 21.9%, 42.54% and 18.27% of the effect of CT on PLEs. Our model further suggested that childhood trauma could be related to PLEs through decreasing the following wisdom components: decisiveness, emotional regulation and prosocial behavior. Conclusion: For the first time, our results suggested that impaired wisdom played a role in the translation from childhood adversity to subclinical psychotic symptoms, implicating wisdom as a possible target for early intervention for psychosis among young individuals. Longitudinal work is warranted to verify the clinical implications.

目的:探讨认知扭曲问卷(CDQ)中文版在抑郁症人群中的效度和信度.方法:选取抑郁症患者347例,其中145例(样本1)用于条目分析与探索性因子分析,202例(样本2)用于验证性因子分析;对所有样本进行信度分析,功能失调性态度量表(DAS)、负性自动思维问卷(ATQ)、贝克抑郁量表-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ)、贝克焦虑量表(BAI)测评用以检验效标效度.选取样本1中48人间隔2周重测.结果:条目与总分相关均有统计学意义(均P＜0.001);探索性因子分析获得3个公因子,累积贡献率为50.84％;三因子模型优于单因子模型(IFI=0.93,TLI = 0.91,CFI = 0.93,FMIN =0.76,RMSEA =0.06);CDQ 总分与 DAS、ATQ、BDI-Ⅱ、BAI 总分均正相关(r=0.51、0.64、0.62、0.39,均P＜0.01).总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.85,3个因子的α分别为0.84、0.62、0.58;总量表重测相关系数(ICC)为0.85,3个因子的ICC分别为0.83、0.86、0.92.结论:认知扭曲问卷(CDQ)中文版测评抑郁症人群具有良好的效度和信度.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest) among Chinese college students. Material/Methods A total of 460 college students from Jining were recruited in the study. Sample 1, including 239 college students, was tested for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Sample 2, including 221 college students, was tested for confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validity. The criterion validity was tested using the Negative Automatic Thoughts questionnaire (ATQ) and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS). Test-retest reliability was evaluated in 40 college students from sample 1 with 4 weeks interval. Results The corrected item-total correction (ITC) ranged from 0.675 (emotional reasoning) to 0.829 (unfair comparison). Exploratory factor analysis revealed the variance of the CD-Quest items was unidimensional, and it explained 55.261% of the data variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated all regression coefficients were higher than 0.4. The criterion validity was excellent, as shown by the relationships among CD-Quest, DAS, and ATQ (r=0.447, 0.566, respectively). Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.941 and the test-retest reliability was 0.928. Conclusions The Chinese version of CD-Quest had good reliability and validity, suggesting it is a reliable tool to evaluate cognitive distortion of Chinese college students.

Objective To explore the attitudes of medical students toward psychiatry. Method 419 medical students were investigated with a questionnaire of 22-items. Results Majority of the students had positive attitudes toward psychiatry. There were still some misunderstanding of psychiatry among medi- cal students especially those who majored in clinical medicine. Conclusion It was necessary to strengthen the teaching of psychiatry for medical students.

目的:采用Jacoby提出的加工分离程序为实验方法,以具体图形和抽象图形为实验材料,分析额叶损伤对意识、无意识记忆的影响。方法:于2004-06/2005-12在济宁医学院附属医院、济宁医学院第一教学医院和山东大学第二附属医院选取16例额叶损伤患者（额叶损伤组）和20例正常人（正常组）进行对照研究,采用Jacoby的加工分离程序,对意识性提取成绩和无意识提取成绩进行分离,同时选用两种图形材料（具体图形和抽象图形）对知觉启动和语义启动进行分离。结果:16例额叶损伤患者和20例正常人均进入结果分析。①两种实验材料（具体图形和抽象图形）的实验结果均显示,额叶损伤组的意识性提取成绩明显低于正常组（具体图形:0.531±0.175,0.825±0.130;抽象图形:0.288±0.201,0.590±0.185）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.001和P=0.004）。②额叶损伤组的知觉启动成绩也明显低于正常组（0.325±0.140,0.544±0.121）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.003）;而额叶损伤组的语义启动成绩与正常组比较,差异无统计学意义（0.740±0.116,0.850±0.188,P=0.167）。结论:额叶损伤易导致意识记忆损伤和无意识记忆的知觉启动损伤,而对无意识记忆的语义启动无影响。语义启动的存在可以帮助额叶损伤患者部分填补其由于意识记忆和知觉启动丧失所造成的记忆功能的损害,这一发现对记忆康复工作具有良好的促进作用。