BACKGROUND:Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT) is the non-operative standard for breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), but many patients experience persistent subcutaneous stiffness, pain, and restricted mobility. This study systematically reviews the safety and clinical efficacy of Meridian Sinew Tuina (MST) protocols for BCRL. METHODS:Global and regional databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP) were searched from inception to January 15, 2026, with alerts monitored through April 30, 2026. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating MST (deep tissue mobilisation along the six-hand meridian sinew [Jingjin] lines via plucking, kneading, and pressing) were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data, evaluated risk of bias using Cochrane RoB 2, and assessed evidence certainty via GRADE using a random-effects model. RESULTS:Fifteen RCTs were included. For the primary anthropometric outcome, MST significantly reduced upper limb circumference compared to controls (SMD = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.44 to 1.74; Z = 20.81; p < 0.0001; I2=0.0%; N = 924; GRADE: Moderate certainty). The Clinical Response Efficacy Rate (≥ 30% swelling reduction and symptom relief) favoured MST (RR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.54 to 1.87; Z = 10.62; p < 0.0001; I2=0.0%; N = 1,114; GRADE: Moderate certainty). Trial Sequential Analysis confirmed sample size sufficiency. For secondary outcomes (N = 924; GRADE: Low to Very Low certainty due to performance bias and clinical heterogeneity), MST showed favourable 3-month improvements in DASH functional scores (SMD = -1.81; 95% CI: -2.11 to -1.51; I2=45.1%), pain intensity (SMD = -2.44; 95% CI: -2.93 to -1.95; I2=50.4%), and quality of life (SMD = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.29; I2=0.0%). No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS:MST protocols are associated with favourable short- and mid-term reductions in upper limb swelling. However, confidence is tempered by unblinded performance bias and control group variations. MST cannot be unconditionally recommended for standalone implementation but represents a promising, optional supportive adjunctive intervention within oncological rehabilitation.

Selectively converting lignin is advantageous for the advancement of renewable energy. Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) in a catalyst significantly influences its catalytic activity during lignin conversion. Therefore, reasonable regulation of SMSI can effectively enhance the catalyst activity. Nickel layered double hydroxide (Ni-LDH) was prepared by in-situ method. An induced oxidation strategy, which involves regulating the surface reconstruction process of the catalyst by controlling the oxidation temperature during the oxidation stage, was also revealed. Consequently, Ni/Al2O3-600, featuring SMSI, was successfully prepared and demonstrated effective catalysis in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin into cyclanes. Ni/Al2O3-600, prepared at the optimal calcination temperature of 600 degrees C, exhibits on high activity for the HDO of lignin, achieving a soluble portion yield of 95.3 %. Furthermore, the lignin-related model compound phenoxyethylbenzene (PEB) was completely converted over Ni/Al2O3. The frontier molecular orbital structure of the intermediates of PEB was determined by calculation with density functional theory, and a mechanism for the HDO of PEB over Ni/Al2O3 was also proposed. This strategy offers a theoretical framework for the value-added utilization of lignin and the expansion of liquid fuel sources.

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a promising technology for high-value utilization of lignin. However, the oxidative deactivation of active metals is still an insurmountable obstacle in the development of catalysts. NiCo/USY was prepared by Co sacrificial protection method and used for the HDO of lignin. A series of characterization and experimental results confirmed that the electron transfer from Co to Ni inhibited the oxidation of Ni and activated the intrinsic catalytic activity of Ni. Lignin was subjected to catalytic HDO over NiCo/USY in n-hexane under 2 MPa of initial hydrogen pressure (IHP) at 220 oC for 4 h. The result shows that NiCo/USY exhibits excellent HDO activity of lignin with the yield of cyclanes is 56.1%. In NiCo/USY, nickel nanoparticles (NNPs) with electron transferred from Co and mesoporous USY with abundant acidic centers play an important role in hydrogenation of aromatic rings and removal of oxygen atom, respectively. BPE and DBE were used as the lignin-related model compounds to investigate the mechanism for the HDO of lignin.

Purpose: To determine the hypnotic and sedative effects, and the mechanism of action of ChaihuLonggu-Muli Decoction (CLMD) in mice with insomnia. Methods: A mice model induced with insomnia using p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), was established. The sedative and hypnotic effects of CLMD on mice were evaluated by animal behavioral tests. The animals were separated into four experimental groups: (1) control group, (2) PCPA group, (3) PCPA + 5 mg/kg CLMD group, and (4) CPA + 10 mg/kg CLMD group. The 5-HTR1A expression was determined by western blot. The expression levels of the neurotransmitters were assessed using commercial ELISA kits, while the histological changes in hypothalamic tissues were examined microscopically after staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Results: CLMD exerted a sedative effect on and ameliorated anxiety-like and stressful behaviors in mice with insomnia. Moreover, CLMD induced sleep and enhanced 5-HTR1A to modulate neurotransmitter secretion. The data also indicate that CLMD exerted a protective role by alleviating hypothalamic damage and regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome associated with insomnia. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CLMD has sedative and hypnotic effects, and offers a new therapeutic modality for insomnia treatment.

Abstract Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common chronic inflammatory spondyloarthropathy. It is considered in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that the pathogenesis of AS is mainly due to Yang deficiency of kidney governor meridian and internal prosperity of cold evil. Thunder-fire moxibustion is a kind of moxibustion that is characterized in abundance in drug composition, high heat radiation, and strong penetration. Thunder-fire moxibustion on the spinal segment of the governor meridian in treating AS seems compatible with the main pathogenesis of kidney deficiency and governor meridian cold. The trial aims to explore the efficacy of thunder-fire moxibustion in patients with AS of kidney deficiency and governor meridian cold and its influence on bone metabolism, through a prospective randomized trial. Methods Sixty patients with AS of kidney deficiency and governor meridian cold will be recruited and randomly assigned to the treatment group (thunder-fire moxibustion three times a week plus basic treatment) and the control group (basic treatment) at the Center of TCM of Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (Beijing, China). Each patient will be treated for 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the efficacy of TCM syndrome, and the secondary outcome indexes will include the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Short-Form-36 Questionnaire (SF-36), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). TNF-α and RANKL with observation will be determined once respectively before and after treatment, while the other indexes will be observed once prior to the treatment, 2 weeks post-treatment, and at the end of the treatment. Side effects will be recorded and analyzed as well. Inter-group comparison and analysis will be performed based on the intention-to-treat set and per-protocol set. Discussion This prospective randomized trial will help verify the efficacy of thunder-fire moxibustion in treating AS of kidney deficiency and governor meridian cold, discuss preliminarily its mechanism in treating this disease, and provide high-quality evidences for scientific researches on clinical treatment with thunder-fire moxibustion against AS. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100044227 . Registered on 12 March 2021

This study aimed to explore the effect of ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis and evaluation of acupoint application in the treatment of idiopathic edema. In this study, an ultrasound imaging diagnosis based on the segmentation dictionary learning (S-DL) algorithm was proposed. In addition, the autoencoding algorithm (ASE) was compared with the traditional dictionary learning (DL) algorithm. The treatment effect, associated quantitative integral, and quality of life score of patients in two groups were compared. The results showed that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), root mean square error (RMSE), and structural similarity (SSIM) of the S-DL algorithm were 32.45 dB, 0.654, and 0.0012, respectively, which were quite different compared to the ASE and DL algorithms, showing statistical significance (P < 0.05). As the noise level increased, the image reconstruction quality gradually decreased, but the S-DL algorithm obtained better image quality than the DL and ASE algorithms, and the difference was statistically great (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the average age and average course of the disease between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05). The overall treatment effect of patients in the experimental group was 96.77%, while that in the control group was 45.16%, and the difference between the two was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the semiquantitative scores of fatigue, dizziness, palpitation, frequent urination, urgent urination, and dyspepsia of the experimental group were 1.18, 0.39, 0.72, 1.21, and 0.87, respectively, which were much lower than those of the control group statistically (P < 0.05). The score of quality of life of the experimental group of patients after treatment was 91.27 points, and that of the control group was 82.35 points, showing statistically great difference (P < 0.05). It showed that the algorithm performance of S-DL was relatively good, and the acupoint application therapy was better than traditional western medicine in the treatment of idiopathic edema, which reduces the discomfort of patients to a certain extent and improves the quality of life of patients.

This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of acupoint application therapy on specific edema by using denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN) ultrasound images. 144 patients with idiopathic edema were selected as the research objects, and they were randomly divided into the conventional treatment group and the acupoint application group. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score, quality-of-life score, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Ultrasound images based on the deep learning algorithm were used to evaluate the efficacy. The results showed that compared with conventional ultrasound, ultrasound based on DnCNN was more accurate in the diagnosis of idiopathic edema. The total effective rate of edema treatment in the acupoint application group was higher than that in the conventional treatment group (45% vs 93%, P < 0.01 ). After treatment, the scores of TCM symptoms in the acupoint application group were lower than those in the conventional treatment group, and the quality-of-life score in the acupoint application group was higher than that in the conventional treatment group P < 0.05 . There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups P > 0.05 . In summary, ultrasound-assisted examination based on the algorithm is accurate in the diagnosis of idiopathic edema. Acupoint application therapy has a significant effect on idiopathic edema and does not increase the incidence of adverse reactions, which has a guiding role in clinical treatment.

To date, the modeling method of point bar internal architecture has still not been fully developed. Traditional methods for point bar architecture modeling usually require a finer mesh, which is more expensive computationally, and upscaling the model can possibly generate a misleading model. The above restricts the industrial application of the architecture model to just oilfield development. Therefore, this paper explores and develops a hierarchical modeling method based on multilevel architecture interface constraints. This method attempts to introduce the surface-based method into the lateral accretion layer modeling of the point bars, and encapsulates and combines the top and bottom surfaces of different architecture elements as their spatial stack sequence to provide convenience for the subsequent model upscaling. During the modeling process, by using the nonuniform grid technology, different grid densities were implemented for the lateral accretion layer and lateral accretion body respectively to achieve the upscaling and simplification of the grid; In order to smooth the simulation and improve the convergence of the model, two grid orthogonalization correction schemes have also been proposed. Finally, the composite point bar sand body model can be formed by splicing and assembling different single-point bar with the hierarchical modeling method. This method has been validated in the B layer of M oilfield, which deposits the meandering river environment. Compared with older models, the new one can represent the 3D shape and physical properties of the underground architecture with a smaller number of grids. Due to the reasonable number and approximate orthogonal type of the grid, this model has a faster calculation speed and better convergence in the numerical simulation process. The simulation results show that in the oilfield development process, injected water will not spread in the traditional way, but is more affected by the architecture of the interface. In the vertical direction, the injected water flows along the bottom of the channel, and the residual oil existed in the upper part of the reservoir; in the horizontal direction, the injected water flows along the extension direction of the lateral accretion layer, and residual oil exists in the area of imperfect injection-production pattern. The above research can help us evaluate the reservoir better, and provide a specific guidance for adjustment and tapping the potential of residual oil and water-flooding optimization in a fluvial reservoir.

The experiments of chemical looping gasification of biomass based on Fe2O3–CaO oxygen carrier were studied in a fixed bed reactor using sawdust as a biomass feedstock. It was found that compared to the parent Fe2O3 and CaO, the combined oxygen carriers of iron oxide and calcium oxide demonstrated the best activity for chemical looping gasification of biomass. When the mass ratio of sawdust:Fe2O3:CaO was 2:2:1, the maximum syngas yield could reach 531.3 mL g−1 sawdust at the reaction temperature of 850 °C. Furthermore, from the results of cycle experiments, SEM and XRD characterizations, it was found that Fe2O3 could provide oxygen for sawdust gasification, while CaO played a dual role of absorbing CO2 and catalysis at mild temperatures and reforming tars to syngas at high temperature. Fe2O3–CaO oxygen carriers exhibited good cycling characteristics during chemical looping biomass gasification.

The coexistence of carbonates and evaporites is common for various petroliferous basins in geological periods globally. It holds much more significance to find out the interaction of these two. This paper expounds the macroscopical and microscopic relationship from petrography, facies, and geochemical analyses from core samples. The study area is dominated by successions of evaporites and carbonates, and three sulfate, five carbonates and mudstone lithofacies have been identified. And carbonates and evaporites are commonly lateral equivalents, both resulted from the similar sedimentary environment and chemical constituents. The intergrowth relationship was mainly reflected in the factors for their formation (including sea-level, evaporation, salinity, climate and so on), sedimentary cycle (including the vertical cycle and banded distribution) and the diagenetic transitions (including TSR, dolomitization, dedolomitization and dissolution). A depositional model has been developed that reveals a bull's-eye pattern which was dominated by restricted carbonate platform and evaporitic platform with shoal and reef facies developed around the platform margins. With gypsum salts served as the caprock, favorable dolomite reservoir which largely resulted from the diagenetic transition and source of high quality can form a large reservoir.

Using the stress-strain oscillation method, we conducted experiments on a sandstone over a frequency range of 1-100 Hz at a differential pressure of 5 MPa to investigate the effects of oil saturation and oil/water substitution on modulus dispersion and attenuation. We first saturated the sandstone with a low viscosity oil (2#) at different saturation degrees, then replaced the 2# oil with a more viscous oil (68#) and finally injected distilled water in the oil-saturated sample. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and extensional attenuation were measured during these saturation processes. The measured moduli of this sandstone, when saturated with the 2# oil at different saturation degrees (0% to 100%) or when fully saturated with the 68# oil, manifest little dispersion over the frequency range of 1-100 Hz, and low attenuation was observed. The measured bulk modulus for the oil-saturated sandstone agrees well with the prediction of Gassmann's fluid-substitution theory, suggesting that wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) plays an insignificant role in control of the bulk modulus when the sandstone is filled with oil. However, as oil saturation and viscosity increase, the shear modulus keeps increasing, violating the Gassmann's fluid-substitution theory, which may be caused by the viscous coupling mechanism. When water was injected into sandstone fully saturated with the 68# oil, distinct modulus dispersion and attenuation were observed. The characteristics of the modulus dispersion and attenuation are consistent with mesoscopic WIFF theory, indicating that mesoscopic WIFF is the main cause of modulus dispersion and attenuation for this sandstone saturated with oil-water mixture at seismic frequencies.

In fully fluid-saturated rocks, two common phenomena are documented both experimentally and theoretically for frequency-dependent elastic moduli and attenuation, that is, the drained/undrained transition and the relaxed/unrelaxed transition. When investigating these transitions with the forced oscillation method in the laboratory, it is crucial to consider the boundary differences between the laboratory and the underground. A 1-D poroelastic numerical model was previously established to describe these differences and their effects; however, the boundary conditions used in the model are actually different from the real experiment case, thus leading to inaccurate predication of the measurement results in a laboratory. In this paper, we established a 3-D poroelastic numerical model with a new set of boundary conditions that better represent the experiment conditions. Furthermore, the 3-D poroelastic modelling results were compared with laboratory measurements under the same boundary conditions, showing a much better fit than the 1-D model. Therefore, the 3-D model provides a more accurate and reliable approach to understand the regimes and transitions of elastic modulus dispersion and attenuation, and thus has great importance in interpreting the measurements of frequency-dependent properties of rocks in the laboratory.

Lignite methanolysis is an effective method to investigate the lignite structure and obtain valuable chemicals from lignite. In this paper, pentamethylphenol was first isolated as a nearly pure compound from Shengli lignite methanolysate by the basification–acidification process, column chromatography, and recrystallization. Its structure was unambiguously identified with mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Large quantities of pentamethylphenol detected in methanolysate indicate that methylation is one of primary reactions during low-rank coal methanolysis.

Compared to the high porosity and high permeability sandstones with relatively simple pore geometry, the rock skeleton and pore structure of tight sandstones often exhibit heterogeneity at different scales. The velocity of the rock is partly controlled by mineral composition, porosity and fluid type; however, pore microstructure may be more important than other factors, especially for tight sandstones. In this study, we measured the P-wave and S-wave velocities of 3 tight sandstones saturated with water, oil and glycerin under varying confining pressures, using the ultrasonic transmission technique. We focused on the effects of pore structure on the elastic parameters of these tight sandstones. We first used two different methods to calculate the pore aspect ratio spectrum, modeled the velocity data under different saturation conditions with the Gassmann fluid substitution theory, the K-T model and the squirt flow model. The Gassmann fluid substitution theory fails to explain the velocity changes. We find that the K-T model and the squirt flow model considering the pore structure can better explain the velocity variation of the fluid-saturated tight sandstones, but the fitting of the K-T model is better than that of the squirt flow model. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 17, 2019 Session Start Time: 8:30 AM Presentation Start Time: 9:45 AM Location: 305 Presentation Type: Oral

Based on well logging responses, sedimentary patterns and sandstone thickness, the distribution characteristics of meandering river sedimentary sand body of Neogene Minghuazhen Formation NmIII2 layer in the west of Shijiutuo Bulge, Chengning Uplift, Bohai Bay Basin were investigated. A new approach to calculate the occurrence of the sand-mudstone interfaces using resistivity log of horizontal well was advanced to solve the multiple solution problem of abandoned channel's orientation. This method uses the trigonometric function relationship between radius, dip and length of the resistivity log to calculate the occurrence qualitatively – quantitatively to help determine the true direction of the abandoned channels. This method can supplement and improve the architecture dissection technique for meandering river sandbodies. This method was used to study the dip angle and scale of the lateral accretion layers in point bar quantitatively to help determine the spatial distribution of lateral accretion layers. The fine architecture model of underground meandering river reservoir in the study area has been established. Different from traditional grids, different grid densities for lateral accretion layers and bodies were used in this model by non-uniform upscaling to establish the inner architecture model of point-bars and realize industrial numerical simulation of the whole study area. The research results can help us predict the distribution of remaining oil, tap remaining oil, and optimize the waterflooding in oilfields.

Denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) are two major processes of dissimilatory nitrate reduction in aquatic ecosystems. The competition between DNF and DNRA controls the dissimilatory reduction pattern and the final fate of nitrate in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, DNF and DNRA processes at the sediment-water interface (SWI) in Lake Kuilei (a shallow freshwater lake in Lake Taihu basin) were studied by using the stable nitrogen isotope tracing method. DNF and DNRA rates at the SWI and potential contributions to the total dissimilatory nitrate reduction from both processes were quantitatively estimated. Results showed that sediments served as the source of NH4+-N and the sink of NO3--N in Lake Kuilei. DNF and DNRA rates at the SWI were 18.88~54.00 μmol/(kg·h) (mean value of 36.39±3.86 μmol/(kg·h)) and 1.02~5.88 μmol/(kg·h) (mean values of 36.39±3.86, 3.21±1.15 μmol/(kg·h)), respectively. The DNF rate was significantly correlated with the sediment organic matter and the water content, while the DNRA rate was correlated with the sediment oxygen demand (SOD). Moreover, DNF was confirmed as the predominant process of dissimilatory nitrate reduction process in Lake Kuilei, which contributed 84.23~96.90% to the total dissimilatory nitrate reduction compared with only 3.10%~15.77% from DNRA. Compared with marine and estuarine areas, lower DNRA rates and fewer DNRA contributions to the total nitrate reduction were observed in freshwater lake ecosystems.

Nitrogen fixation (N-2 fixation) in benthic sediment contributes a certain amount of bioavailable nitrogen (N) to aquatic systems. However, data on sediment N-2 fixation have been poorly documented and the contribution of sediment N-2 fixation to the N budget in lakes has rarely been studied. In this study, N-2 fixation rates in sediments of Lake Taihu were measured periodically using the traditional acetylene reduction assay. Results showed that the highest sediment N-2 fixation rate occurred in winter in Meiliang Bay, with a value of 258nmolNkg(-1)hr(-1), and the lowest rates occurred in all seasons at some sites, with values near zero. East Taihu Bay, Meiliang Bay, the southwestern coastal area, and Zhushan Bay were found to be hotspots for sediment N-2 fixation activity. The annual N-2 fixation rate and volume in sediments of Lake Taihu were 0.083g Nm(-2)year(-1) and 195tN, respectively. The N inputs via fixation were much lower than those from river inflow, sediment release, and atmospheric deposition. This study reveals that N-2 fixation in sediments contributes only a minor part to the overall N budget, while it compensates for about 1.8% of sediment N-2 loss via denitrification. The minor contribution of sediment N-2 fixation to the overall N budget in Lake Taihu may be closely linked to sediment characteristics.

Water diversion projects are one of the major tools for counteracting water resource shortage in China. Many diversion projects aimed at diverting water from the Yangtze River or other rivers. This study, using one of the lakes receiving Yangtze River water as a case study, illustrated how nutrient, O2, and N2 fluxes across the sediment-water interface (SWI) changed with increasing nitrate loads during in situ benthic chamber incubation. Increasing nitrate loads in the overlying water caused complex changes in the SWI fluxes. Furthermore, responses of the SWI fluxes to increasing nitrate loads were largely driven by season. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), ammonium (NH4+), CO2, and N2 fluxes increased with enhanced nitrate loads, likely induced by stimulated anaerobic mineralization. DIC had a stronger response to nitrate additions in late summer versus in winter. Nitrate influxes were enhanced by increasing nitrate loads in winter and showed a similar but stronger response in summer, with a shift from sediment release to influx. Sediment oxygen consumption decreased with increasing nitrate loads in both late summer and, especially, winter. Nitrate addition may have changed the proportions of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, i.e., nitrate competed with O2 as an electron acceptor. With increasing nitrate loads, anaerobic respiration was strengthened in the dark benthic chamber. Water diversion from the heavily polluted Yangtze River to Lake Dazong may be disadvantageous for controlling eutrophication, especially during the summer.