Background Recent studies have shown that emergence from general anesthesia and arousal may share the same neuropath,as the activation of the brain region and cortex during arousal with the increased neurotransmitters are consistent with the change during the emergence.Objective This paper summarized the role of ascending arousal systems in emergence and provided new ideas for advanced research.Content This paper reviewed related research on emergence from three aspects,including introduction of emergence,ascending arousal systems and ascending arousal neural pathways in emergence.Trend The key role of the ascending arousal systems in emergence will deserve further attention and in-depth study,and provide new clues for delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction related to delayed emergence from general anesthesia.

目的 探讨多奈哌齐治疗脑梗死后失语的疗效和安全性.方法 选择脑梗死后失语患者60例,按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,两组均给予神经内科常规治疗,治疗组给予多奈哌齐5 mg/d,共10周；对照组给予安慰剂(维生素C)1片(0.1 g),1次/d,共10周.收集两组的一般资料、血管危险因素及临床神经功能缺损评分(CNDS)；采用中国康复中心汉语失语检查量表(CRRCAE)评定患者语言功能.结果 两组年龄、性别构成、文化程度及居住地等比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组血管危险因素(高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、颈动脉斑块、冠心病、心房颤动、高纤维蛋白原血症、吸烟史和饮酒史)和CNDS比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组治疗前CRRCAE评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；两组治疗后口语表达、听理解、复述、命名评分均较治疗前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；且治疗组治疗后口语表达、听理解、复述评分改善显著优于对照组[(5.50±1.04)分比(4.20±1.88)分、(8.27±1.34)分比(6.77±2.53)分、(7.60±1.57)分比(5.73±2.84)分],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组无严重不良反应.结论 多奈哌齐治疗脑梗死后失语安全有效.

Aim: To reveal the relationship between aphasia and infarct lesion defined by MRI through analysis of 68 patients with aphasia performance after acute cerebral infarction.Methods: The potential patients were evaluated by the hand evaluation standard of Aphasia Battery of Chinese.Chinese Aphasia Examination was applied to classify the type of aphasia.The lesion site and volume of cerebral infarction in patients were determined by MRI.Results: All 68 cases of aphasia patients were right-handed.There were 18 global aphasia(GA) cases,25 broca aphasia(BA) cases,7 wernicke aphasia(WA) cases,7 conduction aphasia cases,7 transcortical motor aphasia(TCM) cases and 4 anomic aphasia(AA) cases.There were 32 cases with the classic language center and 36 cases with non-language center.Conclusion: The aphasia types were not agreed with the traditional aphasia anatomical localization,and the non-language center may also cause aphasia.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease and its correlated factors.Methods: For the diagnosed PD patients,evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),the mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and the Webster rating scale,analysis of the incidence of depression and related factors.Results: 32 PD patients were associated with depression,and the frequency of depression was 49.2%.There were significant differences in duration of disease,educational level,webster score and MMSE score(P<0.05).There were no statistical relationships between age,gender,marital status and economic situation(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the most important predictive factors for depression were duration of disease and severity of disease.Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was high in PD patients,and may be occur for social psychology,neurobiology result of many factors.