The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of cold-knife conization (CKC) and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in treating cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and identify relevant risk factors within a recent cohort from a tertiary hospital in China. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent a conization procedure with a preoperative or postoperative diagnosis of AIS of the cervix from January 2021 to July 2024. Clinicopathological data and follow-up results were collected, with recurrence-free survival (RFS) as the primary endpoint. Among the 251 patients included, 161 (64.14

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a major complication in women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We aimed to develop and externally validate an early postoperative risk score to identify EOC patients at increased risk of VTE after debulking surgery. We retrospectively analyzed a development cohort (N = 358) to derive and internally validate a prediction model and an independent external cohort (N = 158) for external validation. Candidate clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariable logistic regression. The final model was presented as a nomogram and converted into an integer-based scoring system. Postoperative VTE within 30 days of surgery occurred in 12.01% of patients in the development cohort. Age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative international normalized ratio (INR), preoperative aspartate aminotransferase (AST), postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP), and postoperative platelet count (PLT) were retained as predictors. The score incorporated age, BMI, INR, AST, CRP, and postoperative platelet count. Using a cutoff of 5 points, discrimination was high in the training and internal validation cohorts and acceptable in external validation (AUC 0.990 [95% CI 0.981-1.000], 0.934 [0.874-0.995], and 0.791 [0.653-0.929], respectively). In external validation, discrimination was comparable to the G-Caprini score (AUC 0.759 [0.627-0.892]) with overlapping confidence intervals. Because the proposed score incorporates postoperative biomarkers, it is intended for early postoperative risk reassessment to support targeted surveillance and individualized post-surgical prevention strategies, rather than preoperative prophylaxis decision-making.

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause rare but clinically important immune-related neuromuscular adverse events. Early warning signals for ICI-associated neuromuscular toxicity remain poorly defined, particularly after PD-1 inhibitor rechallenge.Case presentationWe report a 71-year-old woman with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma who developed progressive bilateral ptosis and blurred vision approximately 20 days after camrelizumab rechallenge following a prolonged treatment-free interval. Repetitive nerve stimulation of the left orbicularis oculi muscle showed a 24.8% decremental response, suggesting possible ocular neuromuscular junction involvement. Serial laboratory data showed progressive increases in muscle injury-related biomarkers, including CK, CK-MB, MYO, LDH, and α-HBDH, before hospitalization and before overt neurological deterioration. Cranial MRI and MRA excluded structural central nervous system lesions. Flow cytometric immune profiling showed descriptive changes in CD4+ T-cell parameters and granzyme B-positive CD8+ T-cell proportions, but these findings were not interpreted as evidence of causal immune activation. cTnI was measured using an immunoturbidimetric assay and did not exceed the laboratory-reported reference range; therefore, myocardial injury or ICI-associated myocarditis could not be established with the available data. Based on the temporal association with camrelizumab rechallenge, ocular manifestations, a suggestive RNS finding, serial muscle injury-related biomarker abnormalities, exclusion of structural central nervous system lesions, and clinical improvement after glucocorticoid therapy, camrelizumab-associated immune-related neuromuscular toxicity or an MG-like ocular syndrome was considered.ConclusionsThis case highlights camrelizumab-associated MG-like ocular neuromuscular toxicity after PD-1 inhibitor rechallenge. Its main noteworthy feature is the availability of serial pre-hospitalization biomarker data showing progressive muscle injury-related biomarker abnormalities before overt neurological deterioration. Definite immune-related MG and ICI-associated myocarditis could not be established because confirmatory serological, electrophysiological, and cardiac investigations were incomplete. Longitudinal assessment of muscle injury-related biomarkers may help identify evolving immune-related neuromuscular toxicity in selected patients, although larger studies are needed for validation.

Cancer stemness-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression. This study aimed to identify stemness-related lncRNAs in cervical cancer (CESC) and evaluate the prognostic significance, clinical relevance, and biological functions. Transcriptome data from the Cancer Genome Atlas were used to construct a co-expression network of cancer stemness-related genes and CESC-specific lncRNAs, focusing on cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma. Identified stemness-related lncRNAs were used to develop a prognostic model through univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization were performed to measure EMX2OS expression in normal and cancerous cervical tissues. Statistical tests were applied to analyze the association between EMX2OS expression and clinicopathological features. The effects of EMX2OS overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated using using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, plate cloning assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assays. A prognostic model comprising five lncRNAs (FOXD3-AS1, KCNMB2-AS1, EMX2OS, LINC02446, SOCS2-AS1) was developed, demonstrating robust prognostic performance. EMX2OS expression was significantly down-regulated in CESC tissues compared to normal tissues. In situ hybridization showed a marked association between EMX2OS expression and tumor size (P = 0.005), depth of stromal invasion (P = 0.009), and 5-year survival status (P = 0.003). The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in the low expression group (P = 0.006). Overexpression of EMX2OS significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The prognostic model based on 5 lncRNAs reflecting the stemness of CESC stem cells can reliably predict the prognosis of patients with CESC. Additionally, EMX2OS serves as a significant tumor suppressor marker in CESC.

Background Non-invasive treatments, such as 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (5-ALA-PDT), has gained increasing attention among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) who have fertility requirements. To compare the effectiveness of 5-ALA-PDT and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in patients with CIN2, we conducted this prospective cohort study in Chinese patients with CIN2. Methods 229 patients with CIN2 were enrolled. They were divided into the PDT Group (n=94) and LEEP Group (n=135) according to the patient's willingness. Patients were evaluated at the 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up periods, using cytology, HPV testing, and colposcopy examination. Results At the 3-month follow-up, the rates of disease regression to normal or CIN1 in the PDT group were 76.6% (72/94) and 13.8% (13/94), respectively, whereas in the LEEP group, they were 80.7% (109/135) and 11.1% (15/135), respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the transformation zone type 3 was the only risk factor for both the PDT (OR=3.68; 95% CI, 2.43-5.26; P=0.008) and LEEP groups (OR=2.34; 95% CI, 1.84-4.53; P=0.02). The treatment efficacy in the PDT group increased gradually and peaked at the 18-month follow-up point with disease disappearance and regression rates of 90.4% and 8.5%, respectively. The disease disappearance and regression rates in the LEEP group were highest at the first half year posttreatment, with disease disappearance and regression rates of 87.4% and 12.6%, respectively. The hrHPV-negative rates in the PDT group and LEEP group were the highest at the 18-month follow-up (78.7% and 74.8%). There was no significant difference in the disappearance or regression rates between the two groups at the follow-up points (P > 0.05). Conclusions Our study revealed that both 5-ALA PDT therapy and LEEP were highly effective at treating CIN2. 5-ALA-PDT, as a non-invasive treatment, could be an effective option for CIN2 patients with fertility preservation needs.

Abstract Background The modeled CA-125 elimination constant K (KELIM) is a potential marker of tumor chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) before interval surgery. The objective of this study was to externally validate the KELIM (rate of elimination of CA-125) score in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) undergoing NACT and explore its relation to the completeness of IDS and survival. Methods The study was based on a retrospective cohort of 133 patients treated for advanced HGSC, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages III–IV, with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, folllowed by interval surgery, in two centres in China. CA-125 concentrations at baseline and during neoadjuvant chemotherapy were collected. We used standardized (std) KELIM for subsequent analysis. Clinicopathologic parameters were collected, and Kaplan‒Meier survival analyses were performed for PFS and OS. Results KELIM was an independent predictor of the probability of complete surgery and survival in our cohort. The median std KELIM score of patients with complete surgery was significantly higher than that of patients with incomplete IDS (1.20 vs. 0.71, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a std KELIM score $$ \ge $$0.925 was an independent predictive factor for achieving complete resection (OR = 5.480; 95% CI, 2.409–12.466, P < 0.001) and better PFS (HR = 0.544; 95% CI: 0.349–0.849, P = 0.007) and OS (HR = 0.484; 95% CI: 0.251–0.930, P = 0.030). Conclusions The tumor-primary tumor chemosensitivity, assessed by the modeled CA-125 KELIM, calculated during NACT, is a major parameter to consider for decision-making regarding IDS attempts and predicting patient survival.

To develop a nomogram based on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) image features and clinical factors for preoperatively predicting the expression level of Ki67 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One hundred eighty-three patients diagnosed with HCC were included in this study. All patients underwent CECT scans before surgeries or biopsies. The Ki67 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The nomogram was constructed based on a combination of CECT image features and clinical factors which showed an independent association with Ki67 expression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to verify the performance of the nomogram. In multivariate logistic regression, bumpy margin, blurred margin, intra-tumoral vessels and α-fetoprotein (AFP) were identified as independent predictors of Ki67 expression (p < 0.05). Three CECT image features and one clinical factor were selected to construct the nomogram, which showed great discrimination ability in the training and validation cohort with AUCs of 0.932 and 0.870 respectively. The calibration curve and DCA indicated that the nomogram had positive clinical application. The nomogram, developed based on CECT image features and clinical factors in this study, provide a non-invasive method for accurately predicting the expression level of Ki67, and has the potential to support clinicians in making pretreatment decisions.

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal lesions, with gynecological PEComas accounting for just over a quarter of cases. Limited reports exist on gynecological PEComa, primarily treated with surgery; adjuvant therapy is considered in high-risk cases. This systematic review aims to summarize the origin and clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics of uterine PEComa, focusing on treatment options for gynecological PEComa. A comprehensive PubMed review of gynecological PEComa reports was conducted. A detailed examination of the literature ensured a thorough understanding. Gynecological PEComa diagnosis relies on histology and immunology. Despite therapy controversies, surgery remains the mainstay. Adjuvant therapy efficacy in high-risk cases is uncertain. mTOR inhibitors are the first line; alternative treatments, including angiogenesis and aromatase inhibitors, should be considered.

Constructing and validating two nomograms to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) correlated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was the main goal of this study. We constructed predictive models for OS and CSS incidence in HPV infection-associated CSCC using information from 2238 patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and screened the variables by LASSO regression, Cox univariate regression, and Cox multifactorial regression models, which were calibrated and validated by internal and external cohorts. Finally, all patients were categorized into intermediate-risk, low-risk, and high-risk groups based on the optimal threshold calculated from the total score. Multivariate analysis showed that HPV infection status, marital status, tumor metastatic stage, surgical status, radiotherapy status, lymph node biopsy, local lymph node dissection, primary tumor status, and bone metastasis were risk factors for OS and CSS. The C index, the time-dependent area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, and the column-line diagrams of the calibration plot were among the excellent-performance metrics that were effectively displayed. Moreover, the decision curve analysis of the two nomograms consistently revealed their favorable net benefits spanning 1, 2, and 3 years. In addition, the survival curves indicate that each of the two risk classification systems clearly differentiates high, medium, and low risk groups. These meticulously crafted nomograms stand poised to serve as indispensable instruments in clinical practice, empowering clinicians to adeptly communicate with patients regarding their prognostic outlook over the forthcoming 1, 2, and 3 years.

Cervical cancer remains a significant health issue in developing countries. However, finding a preclinical model that accurately reproduces tumor characteristics is challenging. Therefore, we established a patient-derived organoids (PDOs) biobank containing 67 cases of heterogeneous cervical cancer that mimic the histopathological and genomic characteristics of parental tumors. The in vitro response of the organoids indicated their ability to capture the radiological heterogeneity of the patients. To model individual responses to adoptive T cell therapy (ACT), we expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ex vivo and co-cultured them with paired organoids. The PDOs-TILs co-culture system demonstrates clear responses that correspond to established immunotherapy efficiency markers like the proportion of CTLs. This study supports the potential of the PDOs platform to guide treatment in prospective interventional trials in cervical cancer.

High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is the cause of most cervical cancers. Since therapeutic vaccines are not yet available for clinical practice, the administration of HPV prophylactic vaccines in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) arouses great interest and its value after excisional treatment of CIN remains unclear. We conducted this prospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of HPV prophylactic vaccination on preventing women from subsequent infection and cervical lesions after excision treatment. 148 patients after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for CIN2+ disease received HPV prophylactic vaccination (6/11/16/18 vaccine, Gardasil (R), Merck) after surgery (V-group) and 273 didn't get vaccination (NV-group). The HPV infection rates at the first and second year after LEEP were significantly lower in the Vgroup than that in NV-group (P = 0.049 and P = 0.026). CIN2+ recurrence was observed in 29 cases (10.62 %) in the NV-group and 2 cases (2.03 %) in the V-group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the HPV16/18 infection, the CIN3 pathology after LEEP and no vaccination after LEEP were significant risk factors of recurrence. Patients without HPV vaccination had a higher CIN2+ recurrence rate (OR = 12.35, 95 % CI 1.919-79.492, P = 0.008). Our study showed the quadrivalent prophylactic HPV vaccination after LEEP had a significantly protective role in the prevention of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion recurrence. Further randomized, controlled trials are required in elucidating the efficacy of the prophylactic HPV vaccines using shortly after LEEP in patients with CIN disease.

Objective:While human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women is associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer, HPV testing is not often performed in routine practice for renal transplantation patients. The genotype-specific prevalence of HPV and risk factors for HPV infection are still unclear.Methods:From 2010 to 2020, patients receiving renal transplantation surgery (referred to as RTRs), who had been screened for HPV infection one year after transplantation were enrolled. A comparison cohort of four age- and marital status-matched healthy individuals was selected for RTRs. The clinical characteristics and cervical screening results of RTRs were analyzed.Results:Our study included 196 female renal transplant recipients (RTRs), none of whom had been vaccinated against HPV. Overall high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection and abnormal cytology rates in the RTR group were 23.5% and 20.9%, respectively. The odds ratios of hrHPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ in RTRs vs. non-RTRs were 3.033 (95% CI, 2.013-4.568) and 3.628 (95% CI, 1.863-7.067), respectively. The prevalence of HPV16 in RTRs was much higher (30.4% vs. 8.3%, P=0.002). The multi-infection rate was much higher in HPV-infected RTRs (23.9% vs. 1.14%, P<0.001). The only risk factor for hrHPV infection was the duration of immunosuppression, which increased with time.Conclusion:RTRs had significantly higher HPV infection rates and increased risks of HPV-related cervical premalignancies and cancers due to the immunosuppressed state. The duration of immunosuppression is a risk factor for transplant recipients. Female RTRs may benefit from more frequent cervical cancer screening after renal transplantation than healthy women. Prospective research on HPV infection dynamics in RTRs and optimal screening methods should be further explored in the future.

Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of a variety of cancers. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and the rate of advanced tumor progression or recurrence is as high as 80%. Current salvage strategies for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer are rarely curative. Recurrent ovarian cancer is a "cold tumor", predominantly due to a lack of tumor antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In trials testing programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade as a monotherapy, the response rate was only 8.0-22.2%. In this review, we illustrate the status of cold tumors in ovarian cancer and summarize the existing clinical trials investigating PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in recurrent ovarian cancer. Increasing numbers of immunotherapy combination trials have been set up to improve the response rate of EOC. The current preclinical and clinical development of immunotherapy combination therapy to convert an immune cold tumor into a hot tumor and their underlying mechanisms are also reviewed. The combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 with other immunomodulatory drugs or therapies, such as chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapies, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and oncolytic therapy, could be beneficial. Further efforts are merited to transfer these results to a broader clinical application.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is associated with poor prognosis. However, current stage-based clinical methods are insufficient for survival prediction and decision-making. This study aimed to establish a novel model for evaluating the risk of LUAD based on hypoxia, immunity, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signatures.Methods: In this study, we used data from TCGA-LUAD for the training cohort and GSE68465 and GSE72094 for the validation cohorts. Immunotherapy datasets GSE135222, GSE126044, and IMvigor210 were obtained from a previous study. Using bioinformatic and machine algorithms, we established a risk model based on hypoxia, immune, and EMT gene signatures, which was then used to divide patients into the high and low risk groups. We analyzed differences in enriched pathways between the two groups, following which we investigated whether the risk score was correlated with stemness scores, genes related to m6A, m5C, m1A and m7G modification, the immune microenvironment, immunotherapy response, and multiple anti-cancer drug sensitivity.Results: Overall survival differed significantly between the high-risk and low-risk groups (HR = 4.26). The AUCs for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival were 0.763, 0.766, and 0.728, respectively. In the GSE68465 dataset, the HR was 2.03, while the AUCs for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival were 0.69, 0.651, and 0.618, respectively. The corresponding values in the GSE72094 dataset were an HR of 2.36 and AUCs of 0.653, 0.662, and 0.749, respectively. The risk score model could independently predict OS in patients with LUAD, and highly correlated with stemness scores and numerous m6A, m5C, m1A and m7G modification-related genes. Furthermore, the risk model was significantly correlated with multiple immune microenvironment characteristics. In the GSE135222 dataset, the HR was 4.26 and the AUC was 0.702. Evaluation of the GSE126044 and IMvigor210 cohorts indicated that PD-1/PD-LI inhibitor treatment may be indicated in patients with low risk scores, while anti-cancer therapy with various drugs may be indicated in patients with high risk scores.Conclusion: Our novel risk model developed based on hypoxia, immune, and EMT gene signatures can aid in predicting clinical prognosis and guiding treatment in patients with LUAD.

Although high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) accounts for >70% of ovarian epithelial cancers, it is rarely associated with endometriosis. No previous study has reported an association between the malignant transformation of uterine ligament endometriosis and HGSC. Here, we reported two cases of Chinese female patients with HGSC arising from endometriosis in the uterosacral ligament. They had a long-term history of endometriosis and dysmenorrhea. Both were diagnosed with HGSC at stage IIB. They underwent operations and six cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin and have remained disease-free to date. Genomic analysis showed no known/suspected pathogenic variations or somatic homologous recombination deficiency in the two cases. In conclusion, these rare cases of HGSC from endometriosis might indicate a new origin of ovarian type II carcinoma. Patients with a long-term history of endometriosis and sudden aggravation of dysmenorrhea or vaginal bleeding should be aware of the possibility of endometriotic malignant transformation.

To evaluate whether low coverage whole genome sequencing is suitable for the detection of malignant pelvic mass and compare its diagnostic value with traditional tumor markers. We enrolled 63 patients with a pelvic mass suspicious for ovarian malignancy. Each patient underwent low coverage whole genome sequencing (LCWGS) and traditional tumor markers test. The pelvic masses were finally confirmed via pathological examination. The copy number variants (CNVs) of whole genome were detected and the Stouffers Z-scores for each CNV was extracted. The risk of malignancy (RM) of each suspicious sample was calculated based on the CNV counts and Z-scores, which was subsequently compared with ovarian cancer markers CA125 and HE4, and the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA). Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) were used to access the diagnostic value of variables. As confirmed by pathological diagnosis, 44 (70%) patients with malignancy and 19 patients with benign mass were identified. Our results showed that CA125 and HE4, the CNV, the mean of Z-scores (Zmean), the max of Z-scores (Zmax), the RM and the ROMA were significantly different between patients with malignant and benign masses. The area under curve (AUC) of CA125, HE4, CNV, Zmax, and Zmean was 0.775, 0.866, 0.786, 0.685 and 0.725 respectively. ROMA and RM showed similar AUC (0.876 and 0.837), but differed in sensitivity and specificity. In the validation cohort, the AUC of RM was higher than traditional serum markers. In conclusion, we develop a LCWGS based method for the identification of pelvic mass of suspicious ovarian cancer. LCWGS shows accurate result and could be complementary with the existing diagnostic methods.

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease. Several researches have reported the dysregulated circular RNAs (circRNAs) in endometriosis, whereas the functions of circRNAs are largely unknown. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of circ_0075503 in migration and invasion of eutopic endometrial stromal cells. 30 paired ectopic and eutopic endometrium tissues were collected from patients with endometriosis. And primary endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were stimulated with estradiol (E2) to establish the in vitro cellular model of endometriosis. The levels of circ_0075503, miR-15a-5p and Krüppel-like factor 12 (KLF12) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blot assays. Cell viability, migration and invasion were examined via 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, transwell assay or western blot assays. The target relationship between miR-15a-5p and circ_0075503 or KLF12 was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Circ_0075503 expression was elevated in ectopic endometrium and ectopic ESCs. Down-regulation of circ_0075503 suppressed E2-induced promotion of cell viability, migration and invasion in eutopic ESCs. Circ_0075503 could act as a sponge for miR-15a-5p, and KLF12 was targeted by miR-15a-5p. Inhibition of miR-15a-5p reversed the effects of circ_0075503 knockdown on E2-treated ESCs migration and invasion. Besides, miR-15a-5p repressed E2-induced promotion effects on cell migration and invasion via targeting KLF12. Circ_0075503 could regulate KLF12 expression by sponging miR-15a-5p. Knockdown of circ_0075503 inhibited E2-induced enhancement of cell migration and invasion in eutopic ESCs by regulating miR-15a-5p/KLF12 axis, indicating a novel target for the treatment of endometriosis.

Additional file 1: Supplement Table 1. CNVs and Z scores in all subjects.

To study the involvement and interrelationship of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in endometriosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of segmental bowel resection for bowel endometriosis and the impact of post-operative complications on clinical outcomes.Methods: 62 symptomatic patients with bowel endometriosis undergoing segmental bowel resection from Jun. 2010 to Jan. 2014 were recruited. A visual analogue scale (VAS) and SF-36 questionnaire were administered before and at least 5 years after surgery. Post-operative complications and pregnancy were also recorded. Median follow-up after operation was 76 months (62-105 months).Results: 62 patients underwent laparoscopic segmental bowel resection, one of which converted to laparotomy. All patients complained of obvious pain symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, bowel movement pain, chronic pelvic pain and tenesmus. Dysmenorrhea was the most frequent. The relief of all pain symptoms after surgery was statistically significant (P<0.001). The scores for 8 domains of SF-36 questionnaire were significant improved after operation (P<0.001), and the post-operative scores were improved to the level of Chinese female population. Post-operative complication included 18 cases of urinary retention, 4 rectovaginal fistulas, 2 cases of vaginal dehiscence, and 1 case each of thrombogenesis, diffuse peritonitis, peripheral nerve injury, bacteraemia, incomplete intestinal obstruction and mucus bloody stool. All of these patients recovered well. There was no significant difference in post-operative SF-36 questionnaire scores between the patients with and without complications.Conclusion: Segmental bowel resection can significantly relieve pain and improve long-term quality of life for patients with bowel endometriosis. Despite the relatively high complication rate, the complications had little impact on the improvement of quality of life.