An attempt was made to design a low cost floating house suitable for people in low lying areas such as Bangladesh. The prototype house considered for the present study has the carrying capacity of 1850 kg loads with sufficient freeboard of 30% excluding the self weights of the supporting ten airtight empty steel drums in water and having a floor area of 120 ft2. These steel drums that are locally available and provide an atmosphere to live in without the fear of losing possession during flood. The value of metacentric height (10.22 ft) of the designed house was found to be positive indicating its stability at floating condition. The angular displacement of the house due to wind action was also calculated and this floating structure would be stable up to the wind speed of about 160 km/hr. To provide sanitation a floating toilet can be hinged with the structure. It would definitely give an eco-friendly out look to the structure. For variable fencing, flooring, roofing and floating elements costs were estimated to determine the most economic feasibility. The most economic house was supposed to be made of locally available materials such as chhon and golpata. But from the engineering point of view the most stable and durable house was found to be CI- sheet and angle bar. Above all, the house made of Bamboo could be used on the basis of availability and durability. This house could be used all the round year as a permanent address for landless people and gypsies.

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymenshingh to study the effect of weeding regime on the weed infestation and crop performance on transplant aman rice. The treatments included 10 weeding regime - i) no weeding, ii) one hand weeding at 21 DAT, iii) two hand weeding at 21 and 42 DAT, iv) three hand weeding at 21, 42 and 63 DAT, v) Ronstar 25 EC @ 2.0 1ha-1 at pre-emergence, vi) 2, 4-D amine @ 1.84 1ha-1 at 42 DAT, vii) Ronstar 25 EC @ 2.0 1ha-1 at Pre-emergence + 2, 4-D amine @ 1.84 1ha-1 at 42 DAT, viii) Ronstar 25 EC @ 2.0 1ha-1 at Pre-emergence + one hand weeding at 42 DAT, ix) one hand weeding at 21 DAT + 2. 4-D amine @ 1.84 1ha-1 at 42 DAT and X) weed free. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Weeding regime had significant effect on weed density and dry weight. Weed density and dry weight were significantly highest in the crop not weeded at all and lowest in Ronstar 25 EC @ 2.0 l ha -1 + one hand weeding . Plant height, total number of tillers hill-1, number of ear bearing tillers hill-1 , number of non ear bearing tillers hill-1 , number of grains panicle -1 ,number of sterile spike lets panicle -1, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index were significantly affected by weeding regime. Ronstar 25 EC @ 2.0 1ha-1 + one hand weeding controlled the weeds to the greatest extent and produced the yield and yield attributes similar to those in weed free treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14645 J. Sci. Foundation, 9(1&2): 27-41, June-December 2011

Changes in the size, distribution and composition of the population of the United States will have significant effects on health care professionals in the coming years. For dentists and other professionals involved in health care provision, it is likely that among the effects of demographic change will be change in the characteristics of their patient base, change in the characteristics of health professionals, and potential change in the socioeconomic resources of their patients. In this article, we describe current and expected future patterns of change in the population of the United States and discuss their significance for dentistry in the twenty-first century.

In this paper we examine the effects of socioeconomic development, the status of women, and family planning on fertility and the extent to which these effects vary among the nineteen districts of Bangladesh. The 1983 and 1991 Bangladesh Contraceptive Prevalence Survey data are used to examine the effects of these factors on differences in contraceptive use among currently married women aged 15-49. The proportion of currently married women aged 15-49 using contraception was 46.3 per cent in 1991, a considerable increase from 26.5 per cent in 1983. Contraceptive use rates for all the districts increased substantially over the period between 1983 and 1991 and the gap between Dhaka's rate and those of other districts was narrower in 1991 than in 1983. An analytical model composed of socioeconomic development, status of women, and family planning variables is tested using logistic regression. The logit model is used to evaluate the effects of a selected group of variables on the probability of using contraceptive methods. The analysis demonstrates clearly that socioeconomic development and women's status significantly impact the use of contraceptive methods in Bangladesh. The results also suggest that better-educated, employed women are more likely to use contraception than those who have little or no formal education and who are not employed. In 1983, rural-urban differences in contraceptive use were significant, but in 1991 area of residence was not significant, which suggests that family planning programs may have played an important role in providing contraceptive information and technology to rural areas. Our analysis also suggests that family planning programs operated more efficiently in some districts than in others, and regional differences remained important in 1991 as they were in 1983. Decomposition analysis suggests that shifts in population structure favored increased contraceptive use in Bangladesh. This analysis also indicates that change in rate is also important, contributing about 21 per cent of the overall increase in contraceptive use.

Contraceptive prevalence differs in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. This study examines in logistic models the probability of using contraceptive methods. The findings demonstrate that socioeconomic development and womens status significantly impact on the use of contraceptive methods. Data are obtained from the 1983 1989 and 1991 Bangladesh Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys among a nationally representative sample of currently married nonpregnant women 15-49 years old. Contraceptive use patterns show a doubling during the study period in urban and rural areas. Modern method use prevalence increased from 21.5% in 1983 to 49.5% in 1991 (43.7% in rural and 53.8% in urban areas). Contraceptive use levels changed differently among subgroups (age education urbanization child loss and region). Only among highly educated women was change in contraceptive use minimal. The results of multivariate logistic analysis reveal that educated employed women were more likely to use contraception than women who had little or no education. Women with the highest levels of education were 3 times more likely to use modern methods than women who had no education in rural areas. In urban areas highly educated women were 2 times more likely to use modern methods than women with no education. Child mortality was not a significant predictor in either rural or urban areas. Desire for no more children was positively and significantly related to use even with controls for other variables. Religion was a positive and significant determinant of contraceptive use in rural and urban areas. Women with modern conveniences such as flush toilets were more likely to use contraception regardless of place of residence. Women who visited a hospital or health center were 2 times more likely to use contraception. Efforts to increase accessibility of contraception by region may have been more efficient in some regions. Urban-rural differences in educational composition were found to play a significant role in contraceptive use differences. 12% of absolute differences in use are explained by educational differences; 15% is explained by toilet facilities and hospital visits and 10% is explained by region of residence.

Nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) residential segregation in 1990 and change in the preceding decade have received insufficient attention. A set of empirical hypotheses are derived and assessed using nonmetro and metropolitan (metro) counties in Texas. Places in nonmetro counties were more segregated than places in metro counties in 1990 as in 1980 Substantial declines in segregation occurred in both nonmetro and metro places but were largest in growing places in nonmetro counties. An analysis controlling for other determinants of segregation supports the premise that population change was a major determinant of 1980-1990 change in segregation. Implications for nonmetro areas in the 1990s are discussed.

The future U.S. population will grow slowly, age significantly, and have larger minority components. These factors' effects on recreational behavior have received extensive attention, but analyses of the future number of participants have inadequately examined the simultaneous effects of demographic variables.The results from a national cohort-component population projection employing age, race/ethnicity, and activity-specific rates of cohort participation through the year 2025 suggest that the number of participants will grow slowly due primarily to age effects, but race/ethnicity effects will also be important. The results demonstrate that detailed demographic analyses must be utilized to plan services for the future population of participants.

In rural areas of Bangladesh almost in every house earthen Chula is used for cooking purpose. Mostly single mouth Chula is used in this purpose. The Heat Use Efficiency (HUE) of this Chula is needed to be increased by proper design for better utilization of fire wood to reduce the cost of cooking especially in the rural areas of Bangladesh. In this regard the effect of dimensions such as hearth height and diameter of the traditional single-mouth Chula on HUE were tested. The effects of dimensions of triple mouth Chula on HUE were also tested. Thus varieties of single mouth and triple mouth Chula both series and triangular were constructed. The variations of triple mouth Chula were made on size and shape, fuel inlet and exit, providing stone and without stone, providing lid and without lid etc. The HUE of single mouth Chula was found varied from 17.02% to 22.3%.The maximum HUE of triple mouth Chula was found varied from 31.52% to 39.74%. The highest HUE of this Chula was found to be 39.74% in earthen Chula encased with iron drum. This most efficient Chula has identity of separate air entry with stone, fuel inlet and smoke and ash exit at bottom. It is portable and its cost is with in the afford of rural people. It can be made even cheaper by making with only soil. Thus it can be produced commercially which can save fire wood, money as well as time of the user. Keywords: Heat use efficiency; Portable; Triple mouth Chula DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6411J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 141-145, 2010

A study was conducted to investigate the role of dietary fatty acids (such as palm oil and soybean oil) on body weight and the level of serum cholesterol in goat in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Three equal groups of goats were structured as control (n = 5), palm oil (n = 5) and soybean oil (n = 5) group and fed with normal feed, palm oil (@ 25g)and soybean oil (@ 25g) mixed feed twice a week for 2 months respectively. It was observed that the serum cholesterol of palm oil and soybean oil treated groups decreased significantly (p<0.05) with the advancement of experimental period. The growth performance was not significantly affected by these fatty acids. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed and tissues from stomach and intestine were examined grossly and histologically in all groups. There were no lesions in the tissues of the animals fed on either palm oil or soybean oil.