Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Hypericum Perforatum ointment on perineal pain intensity following episiotomy among primiparous women. Methods This triple-blind clinical trial was performed on 98 eligible primiparous women referring to selected educational hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for normal vaginal delivery. Block Randomization (in 1; 1 ratio) was used to categorize the participants continuously into two groups: intervention (using Hypericum Perforatum ointment) and control (using placebo ointment). Participants in each group used ointments (about 3 grams each time) on episiotomy site, twice a day and for a period of ten days. Our primary outcome was the pain intensity in different intervals following episiotomy. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 13) using student's t test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test. Results: We missed 14 participants during the study and analyzed the data from 42 participants in each group. The mean of pain scores revealed no significant differences before (mean difference=-0.33; P=0.46) and four hours (mean difference=0.57; P=0.13) after ointments use, between the intervention and control groups, while these differences were significant after eight hours (mean difference=2.17; P<0.001), five days (mean difference=2.20; P<0.001) and ten days (mean difference=2.21; P<0.001) following the intervention. Conclusion: Using Hypericum Perforatum ointment as a noninvasive, simple and effective topical formulation, can significantly reduce pain intensity of episiotomy site.

Appetite disorder and energy imbalance cause weight change and several complications such as obesity or malnutrition. Despite extensive researches on appetite and modifier factors, treatments of appetite disorders are still associated with many problems. This study aims at determining and investigating the relationship between four humors (Akhlat Arbaee) and appetite, causes and drugs affecting appetite referring to the books written by Avicenna, Razes and other Iranian Traditional Medicine Authoritative. This study showed that each natural humors has a specific effect on appetite and any change in the quantity and quality of humors can changes appetite. In addition, every variation in the temperament of organs, such as brain, heart and particularly stomach and liver has a great impact on the change of appetite and by repairing it we can control appetite disorders. There are also many other underlying diseases which can cause changes in appetite. Examining different drugs revealed that many simple substances which exist in drugs (advie mofrade) have a kind of effect on the appetite and can be used in order to control the appetite. According to Iranian traditional medicine viewpoints regarding the issue of appetite and the drugs prescribed to control it, by researching and studying in this field of study, approaches might be revealed to treat appetite disorders.

One of the proposed mechanism by which varicocele induces its damage is excessive release of nitric oxide (NO). Several studies have shown the role of NO in poor sperm quality in infertile patients with varicocele. Scientific studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of curcumin on the sperm parameters. Curcumin as an atoxic antioxidant can reduce production of NO. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of curcumin on NO levels and investigate if curcumin can improve sperm parameters in varicocelized male rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (V1 and V2 (varicocele), T (treatment), Sh (sham) and C was control). In groups V1, V2, T and Sh, the left renal vein was partially ligated to induce varicocele. In groups V1 and V2, sperm parameters and NO level were evaluated 8 and 16 weeks respectively after varicocele induction. Groups T and Sh received 100 mg/kg curcumin and placebo respectively, daily for 8 weeks after 2 months of induced varicocele. Sperm parameters (count, motility, viability and morphology), epididymis and testis weight and also NO concentration were measured. Sperm parameters (count, motility and viability) in groups V1, V2 and Sh were significantly low in comparison with control and treatment groups. The level of NO was significantly increased in serum of rats in groups V1 and V2, whereas group T rat serum in which curcumin was administered, showed decreased NO levels. The values of the epididymis and testis weight had no significant changes (P <= 0.05) in all groups. Administration of curcumin as a free radical scavenger, can decrease NO level and improve sperm parameters in varicocelized male rats.

OBJECTIVE(S):Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) maintain spermatogenesis throughout the life of the male. Because of the small number of SSCs in adult, enriching and culturing them is a crucial step prior to differentiation or transplantation. Maintenance of SSCs and transplantation or induction of in vitro spermio-genesis may provide a therapeutic strategy to treat male infertility. This study investigated the enrichment and proliferation of SSCs co-cultured with STO cells in the presence or absence of growth factors.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Spermatogonial populations were enriched from the testis of 4-6 week-old male mice by MACS according to the expression of a specific marker, Thy-1. Isolated SSCs were cultured in the presence or absence of growth factors (GDNF, GFRα1 and EGF) on STO or gelatin-coated dishes for a week. Subsequently, the authors evaluated the effects of growth factors and STO on SSCs colonization by alkaline phosphates (AP) activity and flow cytometery of α6 and β1 integrins.RESULTS:SSCs co-cultured with STO cells and growth factors developed colonization and AP activity as well as expression of α6 and β1 integrins (P≤0/05).CONCLUSION:Our present SSC-STO co-culture provides conditions that may allow efficient maintenance and proliferation of SSCs for the treatment of male infertility.

Since the last two decades researchers have demonstrated an association between affective states and health outcomes, especially cardiovascular safety. Relation between negative and positive emotions and survival in coronary artery disease [ [1] Brummetta B.H. Boylea S.H. Siegler I.C. Ratings of positive and depressive emotion as predictors of mortality in coronary patients. Int J Cardiol. 2005; 100: 213-216 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (49) Google Scholar ]; impact of anger and anger expression on cardiovascular health [ [2] László K.D. Janszky I. Ahnve S. Anger expression and prognosis after a coronary event in women. Int J Cardiol. 2010; 140: 60-65 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar ]; kinship of mood and anxiety disorders with congenital heart disease [ [3] Kovacs A.H. Saidi A.S. Kuhl E.A. Depression and anxiety in adult congenital heart disease: predictors and prevalence. Int J Cardiol. 2009; 137: 158-164 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (202) Google Scholar ]; and depression as a common co-morbid condition in patients with coronary artery disease [ [4] Parissis J.T. Fountoulaki K. Filippatos G. Depression in coronary artery disease: novel pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 116: 153-160 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (55) Google Scholar ] are instances of this association.

The human body is made of four humors and moderation in the quality and quantity of them can lead to health. If value of one or all humors is high can cause humors dominance and specific diseases related to humor and if some humor less than the amount required may cause diseases and even death. Deficiency of a humor can cause false signs and symptoms of increase the opposite humor so Deficiency of a humor is one of the most important differential diagnosis of humor dominance and if this disorder is not detected and to be treated as a conquering humor not only Improvement does not follow, but may also have undesirable side effects. This subject In Iranian traditional medicine has not been discussed in separate chapters and practitioners have referred to as distributed. This article reviewed the most important books on traditional medicine and expressed practitioner‘s belief about this subject.