Determining the timing of the initial continental collision is a fundamental step in accurately reconstructing the paleogeodynamic evolution of orogenic belts. This process necessitates a comprehensive integration of evidence gathered through various analytical techniques, both in the field and in the laboratory, to achieve a conclusive understanding. We here use comprehensive methods, including sandstone petrography, U-Pb dating, trace element and Hf isotopic compositions of the detrital zircon, in the Haji Abad (eastern Zagros Orogen) and the Shamil areas (west of the Minab-Zendan Fault) to constrain the timing of the initial collision between Arabia and Eurasia. Zircon U-Pb dating in the Haji Abad area reveals that detritus predominantly originates from the Arabia Pan-African basement (∼640 − 539 Ma, ƐHf (t): -10 to + 10) at the base of the Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene Razak Formation. This is subsequently replaced up-section by detritus from Cenozoic and Mesozoic Eurasia magmatic-arc sources (~ 54 − 10 Ma, ƐHf (t): -2 to + 16; ~110 − 89 Ma, ƐHf (t): -2 to + 20, and ~ 175 − 163 Ma, ƐHf (t): -4 to + 10). In contrast, the Shamil area shows that detritus from the Pan-African Arabia basement remained dominant until the Early Miocene. The minimum age of continental collision is characterized by a significant change in provenance, transitioning from detritus sourced from the Arabia lower plate to that derived from the Eurasia upper plate. This transition is documented from the Late Oligocene in the Neyriz and Haji Abad areas along the Main Zagros Thrust, to the Middle Miocene (Langhian) in the Shamil area along the Minab-Zendan Fault.

The Saheb skarn iron deposit is located about 16 km northwest of the Saheb district, in Saqez city, Kurdistan Province. This area lies within the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic-magmatic zone. The main rock units in the study area include dolomitic rocks of the Soltanieh Formation, Permian and Cretaceous limestones, shale and granitoid batholith. The Saheb batholith shows quartz monzodiorite, quartz monzonite and granite in composition. This batholith has intruded into Permian and Cretaceous sedimentary units during the Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeocene, causing contact metamorphism and skarnification. The contact metamorphism zone in the area includes endoskarn and exoskarn zones and garnet skarn, garnet pyroxene skarn, pyroxene skarn, epidote skarn, marble and mineralized skarn subzones. The Saheb iron mineralization has vein and lenzoid-shape with a length of 20 to 100 m and a thickness of 3 to 10 m which formed within marble and hornfelsic units (exoskarn) and to a lesser extent in the intrusive mass (endoskarn). The ore bodies occur as massive, brecciated, open space filling, banded, vein-veinlet, disseminated and relict. Magnetite is the main ore mineral, which is accompanied by pyrite, chalcopyrite, and secondary minerals such as hematite, goethite, azurite, chalcocite, covellite and malachite. Garnet, pyroxene, epidote, actinolite, tremolite, calcite and quartz are present as the gangue minerals. According to the field and microscopic studies, epidotization, chloritization, sericitization, propylitization, and argillic alterations are the most extensive alterations in the mineralized area, respectively. Based on remote sensing studies, it can be stated that carbonate, sericitic and propylitic and gossan alterations are well developed in the region and in some cases, the alteration zones in the study area overlap with together. Field studies, mineralogical and textural features show that the Saheb iron mineralization is classified as a calcium-type skarn deposit.

The ophiolites in the Zagros orogen are relics of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean, which existed between the continents of Laurasia and Gondwana. There is much debate about the formation and evolution of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. Knowledge on its pre-collisional tectonic evolution is of critical importance in precisely constraining its timing and history. The Kamyaran ophiolitic complex consists of several tectonically dismembered units including peridotite lenses and various gabbroic rocks as part of a Mesozoic ophiolitic belt extending from Kermanshah to Khoy in northwestern Iran. Mineral chemistry of the peridotites indicates that they underwent medium degree of partial melting (14–18%) and produced melts of MORB-like character in a suprasubduction setting with weak subduction-related signatures. The beginning of intra-oceanic subduction in the northeast margin of the Arabian plate caused metasomatism in the residual mantle of depleted peridotites. Gabbroic rocks display tholeiitic to calc-alkaline signatures with negative Nb, Th and Ti and positive Sr, Ba, U and Eu anomalies. Granular and pegmatoid gabbroic rocks with slight depletion of LREE and HREE pattern, crystallized from parental melts of N-MORB composition. This magma, characterized by negative Th, Nb, and Ti anomalies, was generated from depleted mantle. Pegmatoid gabbros are distinguished from granular gabbros by features such as more depleted REE, negative Th, Nb, Ti anomalies and lack of Eu positive anomalies. Microgabbroic dykes show N-MORB affinities and lack negative Nb and Ta anomalies. Geological and geochemical data suggest a transitional setting from oceanic island arc to continental arc following the closure of the Neo-Tethys. The complex is part of the supra-subduction zone ophiolite that emplaced during the collision of the Arabian and Iranian plateaus.

IntroductionThe study area, situated 5 km northeast of Zanjan, is a component of the Tarom magmatic subzone within the Tarom-Hashtjin metallogenic province. This province is characterized by a variety of deposit types, including porphyry, skarn-type iron, IOCG, volcanic-sedimentary, and IOA deposits, all located in the Western Alborz magmatic arc (Nabatian et al., 2015; Ghasemi Siani and Ebrahimifard, 2023). Previous research in the Tarom-Hashtjin subzone has largely concentrated on intrusive igneous bodies (Nabatian et al., 2014a, 2014b; Aghazadeh et al., 2015; Saeedi et al., 2018; Ghasemi Siani et al., 2020), with less emphasis on the geochemical and petrological aspects of volcanic rocks. Specific iron deposits identified include skarn types (Qozlu, Arjin, Gozel Darreh- Moghaddasi et al., 2019; Mokhtari et al., 2019; Shafaiepour et al., 2020), iron oxide-apatite types (Zaker, Sorkheh Dizaj, Morvarid - Nabatian et al., 2014a; Nabatian and Ghaderi, 2013), volcanic-sedimentary types (Shah Bolaghi, Hossein Abad, Reyhan- Mokhtari et al., 2019), and placer type (Zarnan - Ebrahimi et al., 2016, 2017). Some studies highlight the influence of intrusive igneous masses on regional mineralization. For instance, Ghasemi Siani et al. (2020) suggest that the internal igneous masses of Tarom provided the necessary heat and chemical composition for hydrothermal fluids responsible for epithermal mineralization. The Eocene-Oligocene Alborz magmatism cycle, particularly in the Tarom-Hashtjin province, yielded diverse intrusive, semi-volcanic, and volcanic-sedimentary rocks, spanning acidic to intermediate compositions and belonging to calc-alkaline, high-potassium calc-alkaline, and shoshonitic series (Ghasemi Siani and Ebrahimifard, 2023).Given the debated origin of iron ore deposits, this study undertakes detailed geological and mineralogical research in the Chore Nab region. It aims to investigate the petrology of igneous and volcanic rocks to ascertain their role in iron mineralization, analyze the textures, structures, mineralogy, formation, and types of iron mineralization, and establish the magmatic series and tectonic setting of the local rock masses. Comprehensive geochemical and rare earth element studies will be conducted using XRF, XRD, ICP-MS, SEM, and EDS analyses.Regional GeologyChore Nab is located in the central part of Zanjan Province, Iran. The study area, covering approximately 20 km2, is located 5 km northeast of Zanjan city, with geographical coordinates of 36° 41′ 10′′ to 36° 43′ 40′′ N and 48° 32′ 25′′ to 48° 35′ 19′′ E. According to Tarom’s 1:100,000 geological map, several rock units with outcrops are present in the study area. These rocks are Eocene volcanic and pyroclastic rocks, including basalt, dacite, andesite basalt, andesite, sandstone and green tuff in the lower part(unit E5k.a), light green tuff breccia and lapilli tuff(E6k.a) and andesitic lavas with tuff breccia, green tuff, sandstone, and mudstone(unit E8k.a) The Late Eocene granitoid rocks have a lithological composition of quartz monzodiorite, quartz monzonite, quartz syenite(unit Qm), and microquartz diorite porphyry(unit P). Quaternary deposits consist of old alluvial terraces (unit Q1t) and new alluvial terraces (unit Q2t).Analytical methodsField sampling of rock units was performed, resulting in 50 collected samples. From these, 36 thin sections and 22 polished thin sections were prepared for petrographic, mineralogical, and alteration studies at Bu-Ali Sina University. Following this, 14 samples were chosen for chemical analysis. Zar Azma Company in Tehran conducted ICP-MS analysis for rare earth and trace elements, and XRF analysis for major and minor element oxides on these 14 samples. Additionally, SEM and EDS analyses were performed on ten mineral samples, and eight samples were selected for X-ray diffraction studies at Lorestan University.PetrographyRocks in the area are classified into volcanic rocks (basalt, andesite, dacite), intrusive masses (monzonite, quartz monzodiorite), and Quaternary sediments. Volcanic rocks primarily display porphyritic and glomeroporphyritic textures, while granitoid intrusives are predominantly granular, with some anti-rapakivi and granophyric textures. Exsolution texture in pyroxenes and sieve texture in plagioclases were noted. Main minerals are plagioclase and pyroxene in volcanics, and quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase in intrusives. Amphibole, epidote, and chlorite are common mafic minerals; apatite and monazite are minor. Laboratory studies reveal extensive mineralization and alteration in volcanic rocks. Magnetite mineralization appears as massive and dispersed grains, accompanied by secondary hematite, limonite, goethite, and copper minerals (malachite, chalcocite). Field studies confirmed significant limonite and goethite alteration. GeochemistryFor geochemical analysis, 14 minimally altered rock samples from the study area underwent whole-rock analysis using XRF and ICP-MS. Intrusive masses plot as quartz monzodiorite and monzodiorite on the SiO2 versus (Na2O + K2O) diagram. Volcanic masses appear as andesite-basalt, andesite, trachyandesite, and subalkaline basalt on the Nb/Y versus Zr/TiO2 diagram, and as andesite, andesite-basalt, trachyandesite, and basalt on the Nb/Y versus Zr/Ti diagram. The trace element Co versus Th diagram, along with the AFM diagram, indicate all samples are calc-alkaline. On the SiO2 versus K2O diagram, samples fall within the high-potassium calc-alkaline range. All samples are meta-aluminous based on the A/CNK versus A/NK diagram. Negative Ti and Nb anomalies suggest subduction-related magmatism and crustal involvement. Studied samples are enriched in LREE relative to HREE, showing a high LREE/HREE ratio and a subtle negative Eu anomaly.Discussion and ConclusionEocene igneous rocks in the Chore Nab region are linked to iron mineralization. The Chore Nab mine specifically features iron oxide-apatite mineralization in lenses, veins, and as disseminations within intrusive and, to a lesser extent, volcanic-sedimentary rocks. The region’s rocks are high-potassium calc-alkaline and meta-aluminous, with granitoids being Type I. Intrusive masses formed in an active continental margin setting during collision, while granitoids are associated with volcanic arcs. Volcanic masses are found in orogenic environments related to continental arcs. Geochemical diagrams (Th/Ta versus Ta/Yb, Th/Ta versus Yb, Nb versus Y) place the intrusive masses within active continental margin and volcanic arc settings, respectively. Geochemically, the mineralization falls within the range of iron apatite and titaniferous iron deposits based on Ni, V, Ti, and Fe content.AcknowledgementsThe authors sincerely appreciate the esteemed editor and referees for their invaluable scientific advice and insightful comments, which significantly enriched this article.

Geochemistry and tectonic setting of Aralan granitic intrusion (southwest of Marand), Central Iran zone

Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpions) are one of the medically important oldest arthropods. They have been one of the humans’ interests in terms of special morphology, painful stings, mortality, and behavioral attractions for many years. Diagnosis of scorpions is based on morphological characteristics and molecular methods. But, one of the most important and fundamental problems of identifying the Iranian scorpions is the lack of a comprehensive method. Due to the fact that a relatively long time has not passed since the classification of scorpions in Iran and there are no definitive divisions about the genera and species in the country, the current pictorial key was provided to identify the Iranian scorpions. In this study, various methods were used to catch the scorpions. For preparing the pictorial key, different genera of scorpions were collected from urban, rural, plain, and mountain areas in different parts of Iran as well as some archived specimens from the medical arachnid's Museum of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were used from 2010 to 2020 collection boxes. The key presented in this study was prepared only based on morphological features. It was necessary to remind a few points about this key and its use. Considering the above-mentioned points, this key was provided for 16 genera, 64 species, and 3 families of Iranian scorpions, and the results of other researchers are included in it. The study of various aspects of scorpion life, especially faunistic studies has been recently considered in Iran. Various methods such as molecular methods and composition of scorpion venom can be used for classification, the most common of which are morphological features that have a long history. Therefore, the need to provide a key to detect scorpions in the country has a special priority.

Petrological, geochemical and zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope studies were carried out on the Hajseyran pluton, along the Tarom-Hashtjin metallogenic zone, as part of the Alborz-Azerbaijan magmatic belt, which is located in the central part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt. The Hajseyran pluton, which is made up of syenite, monzonite, quartz-monzonite and granite, yields a zircon U-Pb age of 39.20 +/- 0.56 Ma (for a quartz-monzonite sample) with shoshonitic features. Enrichment in large ion lithophile elements, depletion in high-field-strength elements and negative anomalies of Nb, Ta and Ti in Chomalou samples suggest a subduction-related arc magmatic setting. The Chomalou epithermal Pb-Zn-Cu deposit occurs close to the Hajseyran pluton with the quartz-base metal sulfide veins predominantly hosted by Eocene volcanic rocks. The ore-forming processes include chalcopyrite and sphalerite-galena formation, with the latter the major mineralisation in this region. Microthermometric results from the liquid-vapour fluid-inclusion assemblages show that the homogenisation temperatures in the first-stage quartz range from 230 to 310 degrees C, in the sphalerite and second-stage quartz from 161 to 293 degrees C and in the late-stage quartz from 175 to 262 degrees C. The salinities of fluids decrease from early-stage quartz to late-stage quartz. The calculated stable isotope values of ore-fluid components (delta O-18(water) = +3.28 parts per thousand to -3.68 parts per thousand; delta S-34(H2S) = +5.5 parts per thousand to +7.8 parts per thousand) show that magmatic fluids have played a significant role during mineralisation. The Chomalou deposit is interpreted as a volcanic-hosted intermediate-sulfidation type of epithermal mineralisation formed through shallow-level emplacement of the Hajseyran pluton, which formed via partial melting of phlogopite-amphibole-bearing sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The Neotethyan slab roll-back and concomitant asthenospheric upwelling led to the decompression melting of metasomatised sub-continental lithospheric mantle and the formation of several K-rich plutons and associated epithermal deposits in the Alborz-Azerbaijan magmatic belt.

The Master surgical scheduling (MSS) program is used at the tactical level of operating room scheduling, and its optimal creation can reduce the waiting queue of patients, as well as hospital costs. The patients’ length of stay (LOS) has a great impact on the downstream resources management. The uncertain nature of LOS and surgeries demand increases the challenges of MSS creation. The aim of the article is to determine the MSS program integrated with combination of surgical operations of each block of the operating rooms. For this purpose, a novel mathematical model was proposed for multi-objective MSS problems with a probabilistic LOS. Then, the chance-constrained programming method was employed to cope with the uncertain demands. The ε-constraint method was used for small-scale problems. Moreover, two metaheuristic algorithms including the multi-objective gray wolf optimizer (MOGWO) and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGAII) were designed to deal with large-scale problems. Based on the results, the MOGWO outperforms the NSGAII in terms of both the MID measure and the run time. The sensitivity analysis on the capacity of the wards parameter at different levels of demand uncertainty was performed to help managers to decide about the appropriate capacity of the wards.

The Qazikandi iron ore mineralization is located in the 70 km northwest of Zanjan and belongs to the Central Iran Zone. The rock units in the study area include Precambrian to Cenozoic formations as well as Cretaceous granite bodies. Iron mineralization in the Qazikandi area has occurred in the form of lensoid and vein in the basal part of the Barout Formation with carbonate and shale composition. The main ore minerals consist of magnetite, primary hematite, pyrite, secondary hematite and goethite. The secondary minerals which formed through supergene process and evolved during weathering of magnetite and pyrite are secondary hematite, goethite and lepidocrocite. The alteration in the study mineralization includes chloritization, epidotization, silicic, sericitization and argillic. The current research suggests that the intrusion of plutonic body with granite to quartz-monzonite composition into the Barout Formation has led to the formation of iron mineralization in the area. Due to the intrusion of the plutonic body into the shale parts of the Barout Formation, the hornfels developed and anhydrous minerals such as phlogopite were formed. Following the mineralization in this area, magnetite and then small amounts of primary hematite were formed. The mentioned alteration products developed simultaneously with this stage of mineralization. It is noteworthy that the silicic veins and veinlets which formed after mineralization, have cut the primary phases of mineralization. The field and microscopic evidence suggest that the Qazikandi ore deposit is classified as the magnesian skarn iron ore deposit.

The Zorrati granitoid (ZG) pluton exposed on the eastern edge of the Lut block trending north-south. The Lut block surrounded in the north by the Darone fault, in the south by the Jazmurian fault and in the east and the west by Nahbandan and Naiband faults respectively (Naderi Miqan and Akrami, 2006). A number of investigations have been carried out by various researchers regarding how and when the magmatism and volcanism of the Lut Block was initiated among which Eftekharnezhad (1980) can be notable, who predicted the subduction of the oceanic crust towards the west and under the Lut Block based on the volume and time distribution. Saccani et al. (2010) suggested that the subduction of the oceanic crust took place towards the east and under the Afghan block. The closest intrusive bodies to the Zorrati granitoid are the Shah Kouh granitoid, the Deh Salam granitoid, the Chahar Farsakh granitoid, and the Sefidkoh granitoid.Regional GeologyThis dominant rocks of the pluton under study are biotite tonalite and syenogranite-alkali feldspar granite together with biotite and tourmaline porphyritic granodiorite, and granite. The ZG consisting of igneous and metasediment enclaves as well as felsic veins and dykes. According to several studies including field observations, petrology, and geochemical studies the rock units make up the studied pluton have possibly different origins.Materials and methodsFor lithological and geochemical investigations of the Zorrati granitoid pluton and its tonalitic enclaves, after microscopic studies, 11 fresh samples were selected and sent to the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for XRF and ICP-MS analyses.PetrographyThe constituent minerals of the granitoid rocks are quartz, plagioclase, microcline, orthoclase, biotite, muscovite and tourmaline.Whole Rock ChemistryThe Zorrati granitoid (ZG) is a high potassium calc-alkaline, peraluminous, and S-type granitoid. Trace element plots show at least two trends, which probably point to different origins for the rock units forming this pluton. The studied rocks are Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb enrichment and depleted in Nb, Sr, P, Ti, and Zr, indicative of the crustal origin of the relevant magmas in a collision zone. Tourmaline porphyritic granodiorite and syenogranite-alkali feldspar granite were formed by melting a clay-rich metapelitic protolith with upper crust origin due to muscovite dehydration without the intervention of the mantle in a continental collision zone. Porphyritic biotite granodiorite along with granite, biotite tonalite, and igneous enclaves were formed by melting of a metagreywacke-poor clay protolith with upper crustal origin due to biotite dehydration without the intervention of the mantle in a collision and a post-collision settings, respectively. Water pressure of ≥5 kbar and temperature of 650 to 700 °C were estimated for the tourmaline-biotite porphyritic granodiorites and the syenogranite-alkali feldspar granite. Likewise, temperature of ~775 °C was determined for the granite, biotite tonalite and igneous enclaves.DiscussionBiotite tonalite and syenogranite to alkali feldspar granite units are the two main and large granitoid units covering most of the area. The other units including granite, biotite, and tourmaline porphyritic granodiorite along with dikes and aplitic and pegmatite veins show high potassium and peraluminous calc-alkaline series related to S-type granites. The remarkable features of these rocks are of the Rb, Th, U, K, Pb enrichment and the Nb, Sr, P, Ti, and Zr depletion as well as having different origins and different tectonic environment. For example, the tourmaline-bearing porphyritic granodiorite and syenogranite to alkali feldspar granite were originated by melting of a metapelitic clay-rich source in the upper crust without mantle intervention, in a collisional tectonic environment while muscovite dehydration plays a significant role. Biotite-bearing porphyritic granodiorite along with granite, biotite-bearing tonalite, and its enclaves formed by melting of a plagioclase-rich metagreywacke in the upper crust without mantle interference, in a collisional and post-collisional tectonic environment, respectively, while dehydration of biotite was involved in their formation. According to their lithological, geochemical, tectonic characteristics and different origin, like the other granitoids in this part of the Lut block (Moradi Noghondar et al., 2012), two different ages of the Middle Jurassic (biotite-bearing tonalite) and the Eocene - Oligocene (syenogranite - alkali feldspar granite) can be suggested for the Zorrati granitoid (ZG) pluton. ReferencesEftekharnezhad, J. (1980) Division of Different Part of Iran Base on Structural Position in Related to Sedimentary Basins. Journal of Iranian Petroleum Association, 82(1), 19-28 (in Persian).Moradi Noghondar, M., Karimpour, M. H., Farmer, L. and Stern, Ch. (2012) Geochemistry of Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopes, U-Pb zircon geochronology, and petrogenesis of Najmabad Granodiorite- granite batholith, Gonabad. Journal of Economic Geology, 2 (3), 127- 145.Naderi Miqan, N., Akrami, M. (2006) Geology map of Chah Dashi, scale 1/100000. Geological Survey of Iran (in Persian).Saccani, E., Delavari, M., Beccaluva, L. and Amini, S. A. (2010) Petrological and geochemical constraints on the origin of the Nehbandan ophiolitic complex (eastern Iran): Implication for the evolution of the Sistan ocean. Lithos, 117, 209-228.

Esophageal cancer is an invasive tumor with rapid growth and a poor prognosis. The annual incidence of esophageal cancer in the United States is 6 per 100 000 men and 1.6 per 100 000 women. This is different in the case of Iran, and the number of patients in the country is higher than in other countries. In this evaluation, the researchers present the experience with open Transhiatal Esophagectomy (Orringer) technique outcomes. This study aimed at evaluating the Orringer technique and its complications in patients with esophageal cancer for 25 years at the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. This is a descriptive study conducted from the beginning of 1988 to 2016. In this study, 114 patients with a mean age of 55 years and a gender classification of 60% male and 40% female were evaluated. The present study and other experiences showed that non-radical surgery such as the Orringer technique is acceptable and compassable compared to radical surgery in 3 fields.

Polyaniline nanocomposite with controllable properties was used to design and fabricate a novel electrochemical immunosensor for the early detection of type 2 diabetes. Insulin receptor antibody is a powerful predictor of type 2 diabetes development in individuals. A systematic study was carried out to investigate the effects of different polyaniline layers and the Nafion layer on the morphological, chemical, and electrochemical properties of nanocomposite immunosensor, especially the stability. The bioengineered Nafion-Au nanoparticles-polyaniline/gold electrode demonstrated outstanding electrocatalytic performance in the detection of insulin receptor antibodies with a high sensitivity (136.21 µA.ng−1.ml.cm−2) in a linear range from 0.001 to 200 ng.ml−1 as well as a low detection limit of 1.827 pg.ml−1, response time within 10 min, remarkable selectivity, and significant stability of 80 days. Therefore, the developed immunosensor is a suitable nanocomposite platform for insulin receptor antibody level determination in human plasma.

Sign languages commonly serve as an alternative or complementary mode of human communication Tracking is one of the most fundamental problems in computer vision, and use in a long list of applications such as sign languages recognition. Despite great advances in recent years, tracking remains challenging due to many factors including occlusion, scale variation, etc. The mistake detecting of head or left hand instead of right hand in overlapping are, modes like this, and due to the uncertainty of the hand area over the deaf news video frames; we proposed two methods: first, tracking using particle filter and second tracking using the idea of the rough set theory in granular information with deep neural network. We proposed the method for Combination the Rough Set with Deep Neural Network and used for in Hand/Head Tracking in Video Signal DeafNews. We develop a tracking system for Deaf News. We used rough set theory to increase the accuracy of skin segmentation in video signal. Using deep neural network, we extracted inherent relationships available in the frame pixels and generalized the achieved features to tracking. The system proposed is tested on the 33 of Deaf News with 100 different words and 1927 video files for words then recall, MOTA and MOTP values are obtained.

Magneto-/ electro-responsive polymers (MERPs) are a class of stimuli-responsive materials that are actuated when triggered by external magnetic/ electric fields. MERPs exhibit rapid, reversible, and safe multifunctional and dynamic (i.e., changing with time) properties, which can effectively be manipulated at different length scales. These features make MERPs very attractive particularly in biomedical engineering (e.g., drug delivery systems and tissue engineering), soft matter engineering (e.g., soft robotics), and structural design of smart materials with unprecedented properties (e.g., complex shape morphing). Due to the recent progress in the design and development of MERPs, here, we highlighted the current advances in fabricating MERPs using various manufacturing methods including 3D/ 4D printing and conventional techniques. We also summarized the methods used for the characterization of MERPs and discussed their important structure-property relationship. We also highlighted the potential applications of MERPs in biomedical engineering, soft robotic, and the design of smart materials and systems. MERPs show great potentials for creating smart materials with predictable dynamic properties. More studies are necessary to investigate the biological responses of MERP both in-vivo and in-vitro , which is essential for biomedical engineering applications. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Oligocene Nasrand intrusive rocks (NIRs), located in the central part of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc, are mainly composed of granite and subordinate diorite and gabbro. These rocks are characterized by the enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs), Nb‐Ta negative anomalies, and high LILE/HFSE, suggesting a subduction‐related origin. The felsic rocks with granite compositions have high SiO2 content (69.77–77.88 wt.%), low Mg# (0.02–0.43), low Nb/Ta, and Zr/Hf (Avg: 12.53, and 33.08, respectively). The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio and εNd(t) values in felsic rocks range from 0.70577 to 0.70576 and 0.4 to −0.3, respectively. These data suggest that these felsic rocks originated from juvenile crust by heat rising from basaltic magmas in an orogenic setting. The mafic‐intermediate rocks and dikes are gabbro, gabbroic diorite, and monzodiorite, with low SiO2 content (48.08–56.11 wt.%) and high Mg# (0.37–0.68), with average ratios of Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf are 27.88 and 39.84, respectively. The initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio and εNd(t) values for mafic‐intermediate rocks and dikes are 0.70583 to 0.70476 and −0.1 to +2.6, respectively. These characteristics indicate magma from a mantle source that had undergone minor mixing with juvenile crust. It seems mantle‐derived juvenile magma underplating played an important role in the crustal growth in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt during the Ediacaran to Early Cambrian, relative to other time frames.

Zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes, integrated with bulk-rock major, trace element, and isotopic compositions of amphibolites from the Makran ophiolitic mélange complex (OMC), carry implications on the evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Field and petrographical-geochemical data confirm these amphibolites as products of the metamorphism of a mafic protolith. Zircons from the amphibolites have U-Pb ages of Late Early Permian (273 Ma) to Late Triassic (210 Ma), and their εHf(t) values vary from +6.32 to +15.4. The Makran amphibolites are geochemically similar to transitional- or enriched-MORBs. The 143Nd/144Nd(t) ratios for amphibolites range from 0.51260 to 0.512551, and 87Sr/86Sr(t) from 0.704433 to 0.706244. The Pb-isotope composition of these rocks is radiogenic, ranging from 15.61-15.64 for 207Pb/204Pb(t), 18.98-19.21 for 206Pb/204Pb(t) and 38.88-39.36 for 208Pb/204Pb(t). The isotopic and geochemical signatures of these rocks suggest that they were most likely formed during continental rifting and originated from a relatively enriched mantle source. This is also attested by their high zircon Ce/Ce* ratios. We interpret these amphibolites related to the Permian-Triassic plumes that triggered Gondwana rifting to open the Neo-Tethyan Ocean before metamorphosed, fragmented, and accreted into the Makran accretionary complex probably during Early to Late Cretaceous time.