The habitat of Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ) is mainly influenced by the interaction of topography, climate, vegetation, soil quality, land cover, and water availability. The purpose of this study is to assess land suitability in habitat areas, integrating the Soil Stories Index Rating and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis that are based on key environmental variables. The Soil Stories Index was calculated based on soil physical and chemical characteristics and then reclassified into soil grades to quantify the land’s potential and productive capacity for elephants’ vegetation growth. A multi-criteria evaluation framework using Liebig’s law of the minimum was applied to identify the most significant factors that constrain habitat quality. Results indicate that areas with high soil fertility, gentle slope and low elevation, appropriate land cover, and proximity to a river constitute the most suitable elephant habitats. The integration of the Stories Index and Multi-Environmental Criteria Decision Analysis significantly provides the ecological relevance for captive elephants, ensuring that their survival requirements are adequately addressed. The final habitat suitability class provides current land conditions and a scientific basis for conservation planning, habitat management, long-term suitability for elephant habitat, and protection strategies for captive elephant populations in tourism camps.

Tailings, the waste residue from gold mining processes, typically contain hazardous heavy metals that have the potential to contaminate the environment, particularly soil. This study aims to evaluate the changes in the chemical properties of gold mine tailings following nanobubble flotation treatment as an initial step toward sustainable remediation. Tailings samples were collected in a composite from two mining sites using different processing methods: cyanidation (GMBU Antam Pongkor, Bogor) and amalgamation (ASGM Kertajaya, Sukabumi). Nanobubble flotation was applied using combinations of reagents consisting of collectors (EDTA or NaOH), a frother (MIBC), and depressants (Na₂SiO₃ or Na₂CO₃). Parameters analyzed included pH (H₂O, KCl, H₂O₂), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), and exchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na), measured using standard soil chemical methods. Comparative analysis was performed to assess changes in tailings chemistry before and after treatment. Results showed that nanobubble flotation slightly increased the pH of both tailings, indicating the neutralization of residual acidity. Varied CEC values depending on reagent composition, reflecting differences in the interaction between reagents and clay mineral surfaces. Base saturation in both sites remained low, suggesting that additional amelioration, such as gypsum or organic matter, is still required to improve cation balance. Nanobubble technology affected the tolerated tailings’ chemical properties for soil and plants and demonstrated potential as a preliminary step toward the reclamation and reutilization of gold mine tailings for future land use.

Soils in gold mining areas have the potential to contain heavy metals from rock weathering. Such soil was planted with sweet sorghum to increase land productivity in Boto Village, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java during the dry season. The harvested crop was not used for food, but processed into biofuels through fermentation and distillation. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to trace the presence of several heavy metals in vinasse, a by-product of sweet sorghum stem juice fermentation process, from plants grown on soil in a community of gold mining area. Two varieties of sweet sorghum, Samurai 1 and Samurai 2, were cultivated on this soil. Then, they were harvested and the sorghum stem extract was fermented to produce ethanol. Distillation process was carried out on the fermented juice to increase the ethanol concentration, leaving behind vinasse. Chemical analysis was carried out on the chemical properties of the soil (pH, CEC, Organic-C, total-N, available-K, and potential-P), and content of the heavy metals of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Cu in the soil, juice, and vinasse. The soil exhibits a neutral reaction, low salinity, organic-C, total-N, available P and CEC. The levels of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Cu in soil are 7.8%, 0.1%, 76.00 ppm, 23.81 ppm. In the juice, these concentrations were 9.66, 21.14, 1.49, 1.64 in ppm. In the vinasse, they were 5.29, 28.15, 1.05, 0.73 ppm, respectively. These results indicate that heavy metals in soils could be absorbed by sorghum crops and they were absorbed in the stems of Samurai 1 and 2 sweet sorghum varieties, extracted into the juice, and partially remained in the vinasse.

Abstract The population resulting from mutations in the M3 generation generally has a diversity that can be selected to obtain mutants with the desired character. This study aimed to observe the agronomic performances of the M3 generation of sorghum and to estimate its genetic parameters as information for selection. The genetic materials used in this research were 242 sorghum mutant lines of the M3 generation, and six comparison genotypes, namely Numbu, Samurai-1, Kawali, Pahat, B-35, and Watar Hammu Putih (parent). This experiment used an augmented design. The result analysis revealed that the genotype treatments affected the differences in performance of panicle length, stem diameter, and chlorophyll content characters. Significant differences were also seen between the control genotypes on all the observed characters. The appearance of sorghum mutant lines and control genotypes showed substantial differences in panicle length, stem diameter, panicle weight, biomass weight, leaf chlorophyll content, and seed yield characters. The wide genetic diversity and high heritability values were indicated by plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, and chlorophyll content characters. Using panicle weight as a selection character in M3 populations has increased the differential selection of stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, biomass, and seed yield characters.

Liquefaction is a secondary impact of earthquakes that can cause severe land degradation, including damage to agricultural areas. Bantul Regency experienced liquefaction during the 2006 earthquake, making it prone to further liquefaction, especially in the Jetis subdistrict. This study investigates the physical characteristics of soils prone to liquefaction and examines the correlation between the soil maturity index and liquefaction potential. Sampling points were determined using purposive sampling. The liquefaction potential index value was calculated using qualitative geological techniques at depths of 0–300 cm, yielding values of 28.40 and 18.01 for perennial tree and seasonal crop areas, respectively. Soil samples were collected, and laboratory analyses, including soil particle size, texture, organic matter, maximum moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC), permeability, redox potential (Eh), and plasticity index, were conducted. The results show key characteristics supporting liquefaction potential, including a dominant sand fraction (79.15%), maximum moisture content (88.94%), moderately fast permeability, high EC (0.416 mS/cm), and Eh values indicating aerobic tendency. All soil samples were categorized as physically immature based on the soil maturity index, reflecting weak interparticle bonding and high dispersion when saturated. Regression analysis between the soil maturity index and median grain size (D50) revealed insignificant correlations, with R = -0.56 (R2 = 0.3161) and 0.38 (R2 = 0.145) for perennial and seasonal crop areas, respectively. Visually, quadratic regression yielded R² values of 0.4109 and 0.4226, suggesting a potential nonlinear pattern. These findings indicate that soil maturity index influences liquefaction propensity. Further research is necessary to understand other controlling variables.

The Bogowonto River estuary is a coastal area in the open water category because it faces the Indian Ocean directly, it has high wave energy, which will cause erosion and abrasion, and the presence of mangrove and pond ecosystems (silvofishery) can support the development of coastal areas as conservation land. So it is necessary to conduct research to examine the influence of soil physical properties on silvofishing and determine the types of mangroves in the Bogowonto River estuary area. The method used was a survey, where soil samples were tested at the Yogyakarta BPTP Laboratory and the Yogyakarta "Veteran" National Development University at a depth of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. Sampling was conducted in a zigzag method from the left (near the pond) and right sides of the river. The results of the research found that there are 2 types of mangroves, namely the Tan cang (Bruguiera sp.), which grows far from the coastline and close to fish pond areas (silvofishery), has a has a relatively stable pH, is dominated by clay texture, and has a low salinity level. White Mangrove (Avicennia sp.) grows near the coastline, with a dominant sandy loam texture, low-normal pH, and high salinity levels. Mangroves that grow along the southern river in the presence of silvofishery can help with the deposition process of mud that is transported along the river and maintain the sustainability of fish populations, and litter from mangroves tends to increase the organic matter content of the soil.

The eruption of Mount Semeru at the end of 2021 was responsible for emitting volcanic ash with specific characteristics. These unique mineralogy and chemical properties have both positive and negative effects on soil fertility, as excessive heavy metals adversely affect soil, plants, and the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the distribution of volcanic ash cover from the eruption of Mount Semeru and investigate elemental composition as well as mineral characteristics of volcanic ash and soil covered by volcanic ash. The investigation was carried out in Supiturang village, Pronojiwo District, Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia. Sampling was carried out following the toposequence method, covering agricultural land within approximately ± 15 km from Mount Semeru. Pure volcanic ash was collected at sites not contaminated with soil. At the site location, it was found that the depth of volcanic ash cover ranged from “thin” (<2 cm) to “very thick” (>10 cm). The results of SEM and XRD analyses showed that of the pure volcanic ash contained quartz (50%), rock fragments (15%), plagioclase (12%), hornblende (10%), opaque (8%), and pyroxene (5%) minerals. The results of XRF analysis showed that the dominant elements in volcanic ash and soil were silica (Si), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and potassium (K). Several non-essential heavy metal elements found were Pb, Sn, and As, while rare minerals discovered were Y, Nb, Eu, and Yb at relatively low concentrations. The SEM analysis showed the structure of volcanic ash dominated by prismatic and blocky.

PT Akarna Marindo is a limestone mining company located in West Bandung that will carry out revegetation activities with Arabica coffee plants on ex-mining land. PT Akarna Marindo did this by mixing a combination of 5 mm limestone waste from crusher activities and humic acid in Arabica coffee growing media. This research aims to analyze the response of Arabica coffee seedlings to the use of a combination of humic acid and limestone waste. The research used an experimental method with experimental polybags consisting of 5 treatments with 3 repetitions. The response of Arabica coffee seedlings includes seed height and seed diameter. Data processing uses the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. The results of the analysis showed that the response of Arabica coffee seedlings to the combination of 15 mL humic acid and 4 kg limestone waste (A15L4) was an optimal combination of humic acid and limestone waste compared to other treatments in the response of Arabica coffee seedlings. There was an increase in the average height of seedlings from 19.23 cm to 24.90 cm and the diameter of seedling stems from 2.13 mm to 2.53 mm.

Hole enlargement in shale formations poses significant challenges in the drilling industry, particularly in maintaining wellbore stability and preventing operational delays. This study focuses on addressing these challenges through the application of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) analysis in well HES-003, located in the North West Java region of Indonesia. By employing XRD and CEC analysis, we aim to identify the mineralogical composition of the shale and understand its impact on hole enlargement. The study reveals that certain clay minerals within the shale are prone to swelling and dispersion when exposed to drilling fluids, leading to hole instability. By correlating mineralogical data with drilling performance, we develop a targeted approach to mitigate hole enlargement. The findings underscore the importance of tailoring drilling fluid compositions to the specific mineralogy of the formation, ultimately enhancing wellbore stability and reducing non-productive time. This case study demonstrates the effectiveness of XRD and CEC analysis in diagnosing and solving drilling problems in shale formations, providing a valuable reference for future drilling operations in similar geological settings.

The Biting Wonogiri area is an area composed of Oligocene-Miocene volcanic deposits and volcanic deposits from Lawu Volcano. The rocks in this area consist of pyroclastic rocks, volcanic breccia, and dacite intrusions. Residents in this area more commonly grow herbal plants such as turmeric. Turmeric plants are mostly planted on old volcanic rocks, namely the Oligocene-Miocene age. By studying the planting patterns of residents, an analysis was carried out regarding the heavy metal chemical elements contained in turmeric. The research methodology was carried out using geological mapping to determine the distribution of the rocks that make up the research area and AAS analysis (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy). This AAS method is used to determine heavy metal content. The heavy metal elements analyzed in turmeric were Hg, Pb, As, Fe, Al, and Mn. From the analysis results it was found that the heavy metal elements Hg, Pb, and As had very low levels, namely around 0.005-0.400 mg/Kg. Meanwhile, the elements Al, Fe, and Mg have high contents. Turmeric grown on dacite and volcanic breccia has higher Al (622.3-1362.76 mg/Kg) and Fe (271.32-806.27 mg/Kg) content compared to turmeric planted on sedimentary rock. Meanwhile, the metal element Mn varies around 6.85-122.01 mg/Kg. By knowing the content of these Western metal elements, it is hoped that turmeric, which contains heavy metal elements, can be used as a superior herbal herbal medicine. These metal elements, which are very important nutrients, come from old volcanic rocks.

Marginal land and geological disaster-prone in the Opak Fault zone area need to be studied for the basic potential for the development of multi-purpose crops for food, feed, and renewable energy. The study was aimed to determine the potential of the soil and evaluate the suitability of the land for sweet sorghum (Shorgum bicolor) crop in Gunung Kelir, Pleret District, Bantul, Yogyakarta as part of the Opak Fault line. A total of 20 sample points were collected based on geological data, land use, slope, and administrative maps. Analysis of soil physical and chemical properties was carried out to classify soil types and land suitability for sweet sorghum plants. The developing soils in the study area were originated from volcanic breccias, Young Merapi Volcano, and the alluvial of the Opak River, with included in orders of Entisols and Inceptisols. The cation exchange capacity of soils that develop from volcanic breccias is higher than those that develop from Merapi volcanic soils. Suitability of land for sweet sorghum plants includes S2 class with limiting factors for nutrient retention, temperature, and erosion hazard area of ± 24,011 Ha (76.23%), S3 class with limiting factors for erosion hazard and surface stonies of ± 3.85 Ha (12.22%), and N class with a root zone constraint of ± 0.139 Ha (0.44%), and others are not agriculture. Based on the results of this study it is expected that sweet sorghum is able to be developed in the Opak Fault zone to enhance the use of marginal land.

Indonesia is characterized by a diverse topography and low to very high rainfall intensity. In addition, the population density in fertile Indonesian hilly areas is also increasing. These conditions translate to high potential for landslide hazard in Indonesia with threats of loss ranging from economic, social, to fatalities. One of the areas with a high level of landslide hazard is Padalarang Subdistrict, West Bandung Regency, West Java Province. The purpose of this research is to identify the landslide hazard in Padalarang Subdistrict, West Bandung Regency. Geographic Information System Analysis was used in this study by using an overlay technique presented on the map. The analytical method used was a survey-exploratory analysis with descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the landslide hazard in Padalarang Subdistrict could be divided into three categories; having landslide hazard in the north, having landslide potential in the north to the west and southeast, and having no landslide hazard in the central to southern parts which are alluvial plains. Analysis of the landslide hazard in Padalarang Subdistrict provided a spatial picture so that it could be potentially employed to be part of disaster mitigation to minimize material and non-material losses.

The global energy crisis, predominantly affecting fossil fuel sources, poses significant challenges to numerous sectors worldwide, leading to escalating fuel prices and rising costs of living and production. The aviation industry, in particular, faces severe repercussions as domestic avtur production fails to meet the soaring demand, jeopardizing economic profitability and energy security. To tackle these issues, this study employs a qualitative modeling approach using system dynamics to investigate the interconnections among social, economic, technological, and environmental components within the biofuels development system. The research highlights the urgency of implementing several measures, including land conversion restrictions, regulation of palm oil trade schemes, and technological advancements in bioavtur production in Indonesia, to mitigate potential adverse consequences. The findings underscore the aviation industry’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and emphasize the need for sustainable biovehicles. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, scientists, and professionals in the agricultural environment, ecology, and resources field, offering strategies to address the aviation sector’s environmental impact while ensuring sustainable energy alternatives.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of most serious environmental problems facing mining industries. It results from oxidation of sulfide minerals contained in mining wastes, such as rock disposals in mine sites. This study was to investigate AMD formation from waste rocks containing potentially-acid forming (PAF) materials treated with dolomite and compost in a mesocosm system. The system comprised a plastic drum of 150-cm height and 50-cm diameter filled with 15-cm sand at the botom layer, over-laid by 50-cm mixture of PAF+10% of either dolomite or compost, and 35-cm top-soil layer on the top. The drum surface of the sand layer was equipped with a valve to drain leached water into a collecting container. The control was a similar constructed mesocosm without addition of either ameliorant. The drums were installed into the ground of the mined land so that their surfaces were as high as the surrounding soil surface and left under field condition. The leachate samples were taken two-weekly in the early two months and monthly until the day 487. The system demonstrated that both dolomite and compost significantly increased pH from around 3 to pH>6 and reduced dissolved Al and Fe concentrations. However, the dissolved Mn concentration was still high (>20 mg L −1 ) in all treatments even at the pH reached >6. .

Soil develops from the rocks of the Waturanda Formation in Lebakwangi Village is from sedimentary tertiary volcanic activity. The purpose of this study was to identify the soil morphology and soil classification in the Waturanda Formation with forest and dry land use according to the Soil Taxonomy 2014, World Reference Base 2015, and National Soil Classification 2016. The soil profile from the topsoil to subsoil under the forest land use was dominated by clay texture (49.04%-56.46%), with particle density 1.20-1.24 g cm-3, bulk density 1.64-1.82 g cm-3, pH (H2O) 4.05-4.68, pH (KCl) 3.42-3.55, organic C 1.47-2.29%, CEC 13.05-19.60 cmol(+) kg-1, and saturation base 24.35%-73.70%. Similarly, the soil profile under the dryland use was dominated by clay texture (37.06%-62.60%), with particle density 1.10-1.20 g cm-3, bulk density 1.58-1.75 g cm-3, pH (H2O) 4.32-4.54, pH (KCl) 3.49-3.65, organic C 0.96-1.66%, CEC 19.95-25.81 cmol(+) kg-1, and saturation base 58.35%-95.43%. Both soil profiles have an udic humidity regime and isohyperthermic soil temperature regime. Soil classification according to Soil Taxonomy, WRB, and NSC for forest land is Humic Eutrudepts, Clayic Haplic Luvisols, and Eutrict Cambisols, while for dryland use is Pachic Hapludolls, Clayic Haplic Luvisols, and Haplic Molisols.

It is necessary to figure out the chemical characteristic of soil in the pre-reclaimed land of quartz sand mines in order to find the appropriate and optimal reclamation method applied. A laboratory analysis is then conducted to determine the impact of the causes of decreased soil fertility. This research is conducted at PT. X Kepulauan Riau. The method used for soil sampling is FAO (1976) at a depth of 0-30 cm, with a total of 4 samples, namely sample A, B, C, and D. Sample A, B, and C are used in the XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) method to determine the chemical compounds contained in the soil, while sample D is used for analyzing the soil chemical characteristic to determine the nutrients contained in the soil. Based on the results of the analysis, the condition of the pre-reclaimed land of quartz sand is classified as infertile. Nutrient levels in the pre-reclaimed land were mostly low, and this is an important factor inhibiting plants from growing at the study site.

Rock formation as parent material in Pagedongan Village, Banjarnegara influences the properties of the soil formed. The purpose of this research was to identify the morphology and soil classification according to USDA Taxonomy, National Soil Classifications, and World Reference Base for Soils. This study uses a survey method by determining observation points based on a rock formation, namely Peniron Formation, with pyroxene andesite as parent material for observing soil morphology, physical and chemical of soil in the field, then laboratory analysis included soil texture, bulk density, organic C, soil pH H2O and KCl, exchangeable cations K, Ca, Mg, Na, CEC, and base saturation. The results showed that the soil developed in the Peniron Formation with pyroxene andesite as parent material had morphology with diagnostic horizons of umbric epipedon and argillic endopedon. The results showed that the soil classification according to USDA Taxonomy is Typic Palehumults Isohyperthermic, according to National Soil Classifications is Podsolics Ortoxic, and according to World Reference Base for Soils is Loamic Abruptic Alfisols.

PT. X is a quartz sand mining company located in Riau Islands. PT. X has a mine life of 5 years, starting in the first year of 2023 until the last year of 2027. Mining activities have a negative impact on the environment, therefore reclamation activities are carried out at the production operation stage. The purpose of this study is to determine the area of land to be reclaimed, techniques and equipment to be used in reclamation, land stewardship, revegetation, maintenance, and reclamation costs. This research uses the actual calculation method this method has 4 stages, namely the preparation stage, the data collection stage, the research stage in the field, and the stage of preparing the final report. At the data collection stage using primary and secondary data owned by PT.X. Reclamation of the production operation stage carried out by PT. X uses Hybrid Coconut plants. Hybrid coconut will be reclaimed on former mining land during the life of the mine whose work process is carried out in tandem with quartz sand mining activities. The reclamation cost plan of PT. X consists of direct costs and indirect costs. The total cost plan of reclamation of PT. X amounted to Rp. 583,799,620.00.