La producción de chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) en México sigue siendo relevante. El bokashi es un abono orgánico que puede utilizarse para fertilizar el suelo y aumentar el crecimiento y la productividad de las plantas. El objetivo fue evaluar diferentes dosis del fertilizante orgánico bokashi en el cultivo de chile habanero de la variedad Jaguar bajo los sistemas de producción orgánica y química. Se establecieron cuatro tratamientos de 0.00, 1.00, 2.00 y 3.00 t ha-1 de bokashi, el tratamiento cero se utilizó como testigo, y estos tratamientos fueron aplicados bajo los dos sistemas de producción convencional y orgánica. El diseño utilizado fue de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones; el manejo agronómico del cultivo fue de acuerdo al paquete tecnológico generado por el INIFAP. Los datos obtenidos de las variables agronómicas de planta y fruto fueron analizados con el software SAS 9.4. El manejo bajo fertilización química aunada a 3.00 t ha-1 del fertilizante orgánico bokashi tuvo el mayor rendimiento en fruto verde (27.22 t ha-1), mientras que la fertilización orgánica más bokashi fue la que tuvo menor rendimiento con 13.21 t ha-1. Para el rendimiento en fruto maduro la fertilización química con la tres dosis de bokashi presentaron los mayores rendimientos (18.98 a 21.90 t ha-1). Los mejores rendimientos de chile en ambos estadios del fruto fueron con el manejo químico más el fertilizante orgánico bokashi, mientras el manejo orgánico más el fertilizante bokashi registró el más bajo rendimiento.

The production of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) in Mexico continues to be relevant. Bokashi is an organic fertilizer that can be used to fertilize the soil and increase plant growth and productivity. The objective was to evaluate different doses of the organic fertilizer bokashi in the cultivation of habanero peppers of the Jaguar variety under organic and chemical production systems. Four treatments of 0.00, 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00 t ha-1 of bokashi were established, the zero treatment was used as a control, and these treatments were applied under both conventional and organic production systems. The design used was a randomized complete block design with four replications; the agronomic management of the crop was according to the technological package generated at INIFAP. The data obtained from the agronomic variables of plant and fruit were analyzed with SAS 9.4 software. The management under chemical fertilization combined with 3.00 t ha(-1) of bokashi organic fertilizer had the highest green fruit yield (27.22 t ha(-1)), while organic fertilization plus bokashi had the lowest yield 13.21 t ha(-1). For mature fruit yield, chemical fertilization with the three doses of bokashi showed the highest yields (18.98 to 21.90 t ha(-1)). The best pepper yields at both fruit stages were with chemical management plus organic bokashi fertilizer, while organic management plus bokashi fertilizer recorded the lowest yields.

Objective: To evaluate the response of habanero pepper cultivation under greenhouse and open-field conditions in the semiarid environment of Baja California, using experimental genotypes and a commercial control from two localities. Design/methodology/approach: A randomized complete block design with ten treatments and four blocks was established, following the methodology described by Steel and Torrie (1980). Sowing was carried out in January and February using polystyrene trays with 130 cells. Prior to sowing, seeds were treated with gibberellic acid at 40% concentration, resulting in an average emergence rate of 97.24%. Transplanting was conducted in March and April, and agronomic management was general and uniform throughout the entire crop development cycle. Results: The genotypes exhibited a favorable response in terms of growth and yield per plant under both protected and open-field conditions. The average yield per hectare exceeded the national mean reported for producing regions. Under greenhouse and open-field conditions, average yields of 61 and 18 tons per hectare were obtained, respectively. Findings/conclusions: The evaluated materials are well adapted to the different environments assessed in the semiarid agricultural regions of Baja California and show strong potential for selection for commercial purposes

Objective: Genotypes of chile de agua (Capsicum annuum L.) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions to identify resistance to Phytophthora capsici. Design/methodology: The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications and two treatments (inoculated and non-inoculated). Twenty-one single-cross F1 hybrids were generated using Griffing’s diallel method II (parents and F1s). With the seven parents and 21 F1 crosses, a total of 28 genotypes were assessed. Disease severity was rated, and the Disease Index (DI) and the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) were computed. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among genotypes. Crosses 1x5, 4x6, and 6x7 exhibited the lowest DI and AUDPC values. Diallel analysis indicated significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects. Parents 3, 5, and 8, together with the crosses, are promising sources for breeding programs targeting resistance to P. capsici. Findings/conclusions: The study was conducted in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, in 2024.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the yield and fruit quality of jalapeño pepper genotypes cultivated in the Planicie Huasteca region. Design/Methodology/Approach: Eight jalapeño pepper genotypes were assessed under open-field conditions, with the Orizaba genotype serving as the regional control. Results: The Mixteco hybrid exhibited the highest yield along with favorable fruit characteristics, making it a viable option for cultivation in the Planicie Huasteca. Although the regional control, Orizaba, produced lower yields compared to Mixteco, its superior fruit quality continues to position it among the preferred genotypes for growers in this region. Limitations/Implications: One of the limitations of this study is that the evaluation was conducted under specific environmental and management conditions in the Planicie Huasteca. Therefore, the performance of the genotypes may vary in other agroecological zones. Future trials across multiple locations and seasons are necessary to confirm the stability and adaptability of the evaluated materials. Nonetheless, the results provide valuable insight for local producers seeking high-performing jalapeño hybrids suited to regional market demands. Findings/Conclusions: The findings of this study provide valuable information for producers when selecting jalapeño hybrids tailored to their production systems and specific market niches

This study addresses the intelligent classification of habanero pepper yield through a machine learning model based on the algorithmic pairing of IBk (Instance-Based k) and the HEOM (Heterogeneous Euclidean-Overlap Metric), designed to handle mixed-type data, integrating both numerical (metabolomic and morphological) and categorical (phenotypic) features. The dataset included 165 instances associated with 58 features, combining 51 metabolites (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, bioactive compounds), four qualitative descriptors (race, cultivar, color, description), and three quantitative descriptors (fruit size). The target variable was binary, defining high yield (>25 tons/ha) and low yield (<14 tons/ha) exhibiting a moderate class imbalance (IR = 1.75). Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) was employed to ensure a robust and deterministic validation process. The IBk/HEOM algorithm achieved perfect classification (100% accuracy) with 58 features for k <= 25, demonstrating the high discriminatory power of the selected biomarkers. Starting from k = 26, a progressive increase in False Positives (Type I errors) was observed, which is typically associated with decision boundary overlap and bias towards the majority class. Feature relevance analysis identified eight critical attributes (race, cultivar, fruit width, succinic acid, ferulic acid, ascorbic acid, guanosine, and NAD) that, by themselves, maintained optimal predictive performance up to k = 31, providing a direct path for parsimonious model optimization and a reduction in field and laboratory costs. This work validates the utility of integrating mixed data from metabolomic biomarkers and phenotypic features. The robust HEOM-based framework natively handles data heterogeneity, eliminating the need for preprocessing transformations. This offers an inherently interpretable predictive tool ideal for decision-making in agricultural and biochemical research.

population Capsicum spp. populations simple sequences repeat (ssrs) In the Solanaceae family, C apsicum spp. is a worldwide important vegetable genus, and widely cultivated in Mexico. The objective of this research was to know the genetic relation, genetic diversity, and genetic structure of fourteen populations of C apsicum spp. (six from Tabasco, five from Tamaulipas, Mexico, and three from Cuba) . T he four oligonucleotides identified 202 alleles, 38 of them were polymorphics. The majority of alleles (65) were amplified by oligo HpmsCaSIG19 , and Hpms1-274 detected a small amount of alleles (35) ; the average of alleles was 50,5. The genetic structure of the population was estimated with the F fixation indices. The value of the diversity between regions (Phi RT ) was 0,264, this means that the populations presented 73,6% of variation between them. High diversity was found amo n g subpopulations and inside regions (Phi PR =0,412). The Phi PT (analog of F ST )=0,567, can be interpreted as high differentiation in the genics frequency of the populations that were evaluated. The cluster analysis classified the fourteen populations at a distance of 11 in five groups ; the clusters I and III were formed by four populations on each one, while, two populations per cluster were observed in the clusters II, IV, and V. In this analysis, the population Cachucha of Cuba was not related with the backcrosses Habanero x Amashito (RCHaAm) and Garbanzo x Habanero (RCGaHa), a nd it was not related to the Habanero population of Tabasco Mexico.

Objective: To identify new generation onion genotypes with high yield per unit that meet the bulb quality characteristics required by the export market. Design/Methodology/Approach: Eight onion hybrids with yellow bulb, six hybrids with white bulb, and three hybrids with purple bulb were evaluated. The experiments were established with drip irrigation and fertigation. The agronomic characteristics of the plant and the production and quality of the bulb were evaluated, using the USDA specifications for bulb width and shape. The experiments were carried out using a completely randomized block design, with three replications; the statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software, version 9.2. Results: The best onion genetic materials for the Planicie Huasteca were the yellow bulb hybrids Wayne and Don Víctor, the white bulb hybrids Blanca Grande, Monja Blanca, and Don Alberto, and the purple bulb hybrid Rasta, all of which have high production capacity and bulb quality. Study Limitations/Implications: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the most extensive horticultural crop in the Planicie Huasteca, Mexico. Although regional producers establish outstanding genotypes, they require information about the new generation genetic materials, if they are to remain competitive in the export market. Therefore, the new genotypes with the best high yield potential and bulb quality must be evaluated to select those that meet the requirements of the market. Findings/Conclusions: Yellow, white, and purple bulb onion genotypes with high production capacity that meet the requirements of the markets were identified.

Entre las Solanáceas, Capsicum spp. es un género de hortalizas muy importante a nivel mundial, y cultivada extensamente en México. El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer la relación, diversidad y estructura genética de 14 poblaciones de Capsicum spp. (seis del estado de Tabasco y cinco de Tamaulipas, México, y tres de Cuba). Los cuatro oligonucleótidos identificaron 202 alelos, 38 de ellos fueron polimórficos. El mayor número de alelos (65) los amplificó el oligo HpmsCaSIG19 y Hpms1-274 detectó el menor número de alelos (35), la media de alelos fue de 50,5. La estructura genética de las poblaciones se estimó con los índices de fijación F. El valor de la diversidad entre regiones (PhiRT) fue 0,264, lo que significa que las poblaciones presentaron 73,6% de variación entre ellas. Se encontró alta diversidad entre subpoblaciones dentro de regiones (PhiPR=0,412). El PhiPT (análogo del FST)=0,567, puede interpretarse como alta diferenciación en las frecuencias génicas de las poblaciones evaluadas. El análisis clúster clasificó a las 14 poblaciones a una distancia de 11 en cinco grupos. Los clústeres I y III fueron formados por cuatro poblaciones cada uno, mientras que dos poblaciones por cluster se observaron en el clúster II, IV y V. En este análisis, la población Cachucha (Cach) de Cuba no se relacionó con las retrocruzas Habanero x Amashito (RCHaAm) y Garbanzo x Habanero (RCGaHa), tampoco a la población Habanero de Tabasco, México.

The habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) is a prominent spicy fruit integral to the historical, social, cultural, and economic fabric of the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. This study leverages the power of 1H NMR spectroscopy coupled with machine learning algorithms to dissect the metabolomic profile of eleven C. chinense cultivars, including those grown by INIFAP (Habanero-Jaguar, Antillano-HRA 1-1, Antillano-HRA 7-1, Habanero-HAm-18A, Habanero-HC-23C, and Jolokia-NJolokia-22) and commercial hybrids (Habanero-Rey Votán, Habanero-Kabal, Balam, USAPR10117, and Rey Pakal). A total of fifty metabolites, encompassing sugars, amino acids, short-chain organic acids, and nucleosides, were identified from the 1H NMR spectra. The optimized machine learning model proficiently predicted the similarity percentage between the INIFAP-grown cultivars and commercial hybrids, thereby facilitating a comprehensive comparison. Biomarkers unique to each cultivar were delineated, revealing that the Habanero-Rey Votán cultivar is characterized by the highest concentration of sugars. In contrast, the Balam cultivar is rich in amino acids and short-chain organic acids, sharing a similar metabolomic profile with the Jolokia-NJolokia-22 cultivar. The findings of this study underscore the efficacy and reliability of NMR-based metabolomics as a robust tool for differentiating C. chinense cultivars based on their intricate chemical profiles. This approach not only contributes to the scientific understanding of the metabolomic diversity among habanero peppers but also holds potential implications for food science, agriculture, and the culinary arts.

It is well known the important role that Mesoamerican cultures had in the domestication of wild chilli pepper Capsicum annuum in Mexico. The wild chili or "wild chili" (C. annuum L. var. glabriusculum), due to their role in the historical process of regional development, represents a natural and cultural resource, typical of northeastern Mexico. The objective of this research was to understand and analyze the impact of the historical process in the preference and cultural roots of the "wild chili" in the population of the Northeast of Mexico, to understand the strengthening of the northeast Mexico lifestyle. It used surveys and results showed that they were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results showed that 74% of the population in the study area consumes almost all year-round fruits of wild chili, using techniques of production and preservation of fruit for it. However, there is a need for more protection of the natural resources of the northeastern Mexico, looking for strategies that generate ecological consciousness in the collectors for the management and sustainability of the species. The price of a kilogram of wild chili, is related to the number of fruits collected per day by the people, which in turn depends on the climatic conditions of the season of the year concerned, which can reach up to 85 US dollars per kg of fresh fruit in the month of April. The participation of women in productive processes or value chain of wild chili in the rural area is difficult due to cultural reasons prevailing in northeastern of Mexico. This variety of wild chili has a great touristic and gastronomic potential in the Northeast Mexico.

El objetivo fue determinar la variación morfológica de frutos de genotipos de chile piquín y definir los descriptores de fruto que permitan identificar y discriminar esta especie. Se utilizaron 10 genotipos y se consideraron 24 caracteres morfológicos relacionados con el fruto. Se observaron diferencias (p ≤ 0.01) en la fuente de variación genotipos para la mayoría caracteres cuantitativos. Los genotipos G6 y G7 presentaron los mayores valores en longitud, relación longitud/diámetro de fruto y numero predominante de lóculos. Con base en la similitud los genotipos se conglomeraron en seis y cuatro grupos para caracteres cuantitativos y pseudocualitativos, respectivamente. Los componentes principales determinaron que el diámetro, longitud, relación longitud/diámetro de fruto, intensidad de color antes de madurez, color antes de la madurez, forma de fruto y forma del ápice fueron los más discriminatorios permitiendo una descripción e identificación morfológica cuando solo se conocen caracteres relacionados con el fruto.

Ancho (width) chile peppers have economic, social, culinary and cultural importance in Mexico and worldwide. This chile type considers divergent subtypes that altogether have not been analysed and therefore their morphological diversity has not been systematically described. The objectives were to describe the morphological diversity of ancho pepper landraces from Mexico, to identify groups of similarity and to define the traits with the higher contribution to the total variation. Eighty-six landraces of ancho chile peppers (red, ‘mulatos’, ‘miahuatecos’, ‘cristalinos’ and ‘huacle’), collected in six states of Mexico, and two commercial controls were evaluated in two localities, in a simple randomized complete block experimental design. We recorded 76 morphological traits. Statistical analysis included a combined ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, discriminant analysis, principal components and clusters. The morphological diversity in ancho chile peppers was mainly made up of fruit width, fruit wall thickness, stem diameter, corolla length, seed weight per fruit, plant height, stem length and pubescence. We defined four groups, which made it possible to differentiate ancho chile peppers of Puebla and the huacle chile pepper of Oaxaca from populations collected in the north and ‘Bajío’ (midland) parts of Mexico. Ancho chile peppers of Mexico showed wide morphological differences according to the type of chile pepper and seed collection regions. The traits that contributed the greatest morphological diversity were fruit width, fruit wall thickness, stem diameter, corolla length, seed weight per fruit, plant height, stem length and pubescence.

In Mexico, chili is one of the most important crops for high involvement in the value of the regional agricultural production, generation of income to producers and jobs in wild chili production areas.In the Northeastern of Mexico this wild chili species is strongly rooted in its typical gastronomy.The present study aims to present a model of the economic activities that promote the generation of the value of the "chile piquin"wild chili of the northeastern Mexico, thereby;on the basis of the local production it can reach the final consumer himself which can be likewise, regional, national or international.This exploratory analysis was carried out to collect information of marketing of chili and update about scientific investigations and make a comparative study of our information available and finally to create a frame of reference for future upgrades of the product chain "chile piquin" wild chili which could serve as a basis for other studies.The tool used for obtaining information with statistical validity (p≤0.05) was the method of interviews and of focal group.A flow diagram is developed of the value chain of the "chile piquin" wild chili in northeastern Mexico, which explains theprocesses and pathways that follows the marketing and the increase in the value added of this important product.It was concluded that prices of wild chili have been increased in accordance with the food prices and the fall in the harvested area and production quantity (supply) in Mexico.

El potasio es considerado uno de los fertilizantes más importantes puesto que incide directamente en funciones fisiológicas esenciales de los cultivos, la aplicación inadecuada de este elemento y el uso de semilla criolla suelen repercutir en la calidad y rendimientos de diversos cultivos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de dos dosis de fertilización potásica: Fertilización uno: 260N-60P-440K-40Ca-30Mg y Fertilización dos: 260N-60P-340K-40Ca-30Mg en la morfología, calidad de fruto y rendimiento en líneas mejoradas y material criollo de chile soledad bajo condiciones de temporal. Se establecieron seis tratamientos T1: Fertilización 1 P15, T2: Fertilización 2 P15, T3: Fertilización 1 P13 y T4: Fertilización 2 P13 y dos testigos: T5: Fertilización 1 Material criollo, y F6: Fertilización 2 Material criollo. El diseño experimental fue parcelas divididas completamente al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. La línea mejorada P15 (CHISER-522) con la fertilización dos, obtuvo los mejores resultados de rendimiento por planta y total con 489.43 g y 14.77 t ha-1, respectivamente, además, en la morfología: altura de planta 77.73 cm, diámetro de tallo 14.78 mm, ancho de copa 64.43 cm, excepto en el número de ramificaciones. Para la calidad de fruto en la clasificación frutos de tamaño grande, las plantas con el tratamiento Fert 1 P15 obtuvieron los mejores resultados de peso, longitud y diámetro con 8.60 g, 9.83 cm y 13.06 mm respectivamente. La línea mejorada P15 en combinación con la fertilización con dosis baja de potasio mostró efectos significativos en la morfología y rendimiento de este cultivo.

Objective: To evaluate the reaction of five inbred lines of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) to the inoculation of Fusarium oxisporum and to identify genotypes with possible levels of resistance to this pathogen. Design/methodology/approach: Samples of hot pepper plant stems with typical symptoms of vascular wilt disease were obtained. Then, due to microscopic morphological characteristics of mycelium and conidia in the samples, patogen was identified as Fusarium oxisporum. By immersion of roots, at a concentration of 1x106 conidia per mL, five inbred lines of habanero pepper were inoculated. In addition to the serrano type cultivar Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM-334). The percentage disease index and area under the disease progress curve (ABCPE) were estimated in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates. Results: Significant differences (p≤0.05) were observed for disease index and ABCPE in the genotypes evaluated; evidencing the difference in the genetic basis of the genotypes and the resistance or susceptibility to Fusarium oxisporum. The CM-334 cultivar, the Habanero 5 and Habanero 8 lines showed the lowest percentage of incidence of the disease (10, 20 and 30%, respectively) and ABCPE of 300, 560 and 880. In turn, lines Habanero 9 and Habanero 6 reached the highest ABCPE values with 2220 and 2190, respectively. Study limitations/implications: The disease resistance response in plants is complex and contains multiple interactions between genes, proteins, and metabolites. Findings/conclusions: The grouping of genotypes according to their reaction to Fusarium wilt disease facilitated the identification of resistant and susceptible lines, which can be considered in subsequent genetic improvement studies for hot pepper cultivation.

The wild piquin chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var.glabriusculum) is a species of great importance in the North-East of Mexico; however, its productions are not constant.In order to generate knowledge, it is important to carry out research on seedlings nutrition and assess the response of wild piquin chilli pepper with the addition of different systems and doses of fertilization in its productive performance.The objective of this research was to determine the effect of different kinds of fertilizer on seedling production of wild piquin chilli pepper under greenhouse conditions.The treatments that were used are: control, organic fertilizer applied as foliar, mycorrhiza (Glomus intrarodices), Osmacote Plus ® (15N-9P-12K) and the combination mycorrhizae and organic fertilizer.The variables considered in this study were: the seedlings height, foliage color, total leaf number, stem diameter and radical density.These variables were recorded every 15 days after its transplant, using 30 days old seedlings.Statistical analysis of data collected was made with the statistical package STATISTICA STATSOFT ® .An analysis of variance and mean of the minimum difference (LSD) with a value of p = 0.05.Results for effects of different types of fertilizers tested were as follows: the best type was the organic fertilizer, followed by the Osmacote Plus, preceded by the application of mycorrhiza, after the control and with the lower results the combination of mycorrhiza and organic fertilizer.

El cultivo de chile habanero [Capsicum chinense Jacq.], es una hortaliza conocida por su gran pungencia, aroma y color. En el Valle de Mexicali, se han comenzado a implementar pequeñas superficies de este cultivo, específicamente bajo malla sombra. Al respecto, es necesario conocer el desarrollo del rendimiento de materiales que se adecuen a las condiciones específicas del clima de esta región. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar siete genotipos de chile habanero cultivado bajo malla sombra en el valle de Mexicali. Los materiales evaluados incluyeron hábitos de crecimiento indeterminado y determinado, con color de fruta naranja y roja. Los materiales fueron distribuidos en bloques completos al azar y cuatro repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron número y peso de la fruta así como rendimiento.

In the past 30 years, Brazil has become the world's largest poultry exporter.The Brazilian chicken production chain is very competitive, requiring producers to invest in new technologies and strict sanitary control.About 90% of production is based on an integrated system between producers and agroindustries, however small poultry farmers have difficult to remain in this system due to precarious working conditions.In poultry farming, thermal comfort is the main factor for gaining productivity and reducing mortality and with the objective of facilitating the automation of processes in the creation of chickens for small producers , this article presents a proposal low-cost for remote monitoring of temperature and indoor humidity through "Internet of Things" technology.During the work, a general approach for the implementation of this process is presented.

Los rendimientos de chile jalapeño en Quintana Roo son bajos y el tamaño del fruto es una limitante en la comercialización, el cambio del sistema de producción puede incrementar la competitividad de la cadena de valor del chile jalapeño, una estrategia para el mejoramiento de la productividad y calidad de fruto es la utilización de material genético con mejores características.Los objetivos del trabajo fueron conocer la calidad del fruto que se obtiene en Quintana Roo con las variedades criollas utilizadas y evaluar el potencial de rendimiento y la calidad de fruto de variedades comerciales en sistemas de agricultura protegida.En diciembre de 2019 se hizo un muestreo de frutos en parcelas del sur de Quintana Roo, los frutos colectados se evaluaron por forma y el tamaño. De las colectas se seleccionaron los frutos que tenían buenas características de acuerdo con los productores, se extrajo la semilla para establecer estos materiales en enero de 2020 en invernadero, se evaluó la forma y tamaño del fruto y se compararon con las características de los frutos colectados. En febrero de 2020 se evaluaron 7 variedades comerciales en invernadero, se evaluó el rendimiento en toneladas por hectárea, tamaño de fruto y color de fruto.Se encontró que la producción de chile jalapeño en Quintana Roo presentó una amplia variación en la forma del fruto y su clasificación por tamaño fue de frutos medianos y chicos. La calidad del fruto de los materiales criollos cultivados a cielo abierto bajo condiciones de temporal no mejoró al cambiar su cultivo a invernadero en condiciones de riego. Las variedades comerciales evaluadas presentaron uniformidad en la forma del fruto y superaron en tamaño a los frutos procedentes de los muestreos de las parcelas de Quintana Roo. Mixteco y Orizaba fueron las variedades más productiva (21 ton/ha).