The hydrodynamic and osmotic terms in the relaxation field are computed up to order linear in concentration for a dilute solution of mixed strong electrolytes using the primitive model. The computation is based on the relative function μji computed in part earlier for the purely electrostatic interaction and in part in this work for the hydrodynamic interaction assuming the adequacy of the Fuoss velocity field. The results are compared with the earlier computations of Fuoss and Onsager, Murphy and Cohen, and Falkenhagen, Ebeling, and Kraeft. It is found that some terms of the new results are in agreement with the earlier computations and the other terms represent an improved computation.

The electrophoretic velocity is computed through the order linear in concentration for a system containing any number of species of ions of any charges. The computation is based on the general theory of Fuoss and Onsager and the method for the generalization to mixed electrolytes developed by Chen and Onsager for the primitive model. The Boltzmann factor exp. (—eiΨji/kT) is retained explicitly through the computation to obtain a result consistent with earlier computations of the relaxation field. The equilibrium potential including a correction to Poisson-Boltzmann equation is used, which adds a linear term ΔV j c to the electrophoretic velocity in agreement with the result of Murphy and Cohen. The correction to the ionic distribution due to the solvent motion is considered, which results in a linear term inversely proportional to the square of the viscosity of the solution. The main contribution is ΔV j E , which is in agreement with the result for symmetrical electrolytes of Falkenhagen et al. with only a slight difference due mainly to the different approximation used in the computation of the local force.

A method of Fourier transformations and matrix representations is formulated for the computation of Wien effect in diluted solutions of mixed strong electrolytes. The method permits the extension of the computation to systems containing any number of species of ions of any valence type. Thus, for the first time Wien effect of mixed electrolytes is computed from the fundamental equations of ion–ion interactions. At very low field strengths, where Ohm’s law is obeyed, the integral representation of Onsager and Kim is reproduced. At extremely high field strengths, the relaxation effect and the electrophoretic effect are computed to the second order term. At intermediate field strengths, the equations for the computation of the relaxation effect and the electrophoresis by triple integrations are derived.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompatibility of conductance equations with Onsager's reciprocal relationMou-Shan ChenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81, 21, 2022–2023Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/j100536a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (247 KB) Get e-Alerts

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe generalized conductance equationMou-Shan Chen and Lars OnsagerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81, 21, 2017–2021Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100536a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100536a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

I review the current situation in neutrino physics in the context of unified gauge theories, with room for heavy quarks that carry new flavor quantum numbers. The y-anomaly is strong evidence for the existence of righthanded currents and perhaps beauty. Dileptons are evidence for charm. The case for truth is less compelling. I study equal sign dileptons and their implications on a promising field of multilepton physics. Neutral currents, the hard-fact model and madness (nondiagonal neutral currents) are also among the topics discussed.

The effects of intermolecular tunneling by protons in ice and other protonic semiconductors on thermodynamic and transport properties are estimated on the basis of an idealized model. The model involves a simple tight-binding Hamiltonian on the infinite-dimensional set of molecular configurations in the generally proton-bonded but otherwise disordered structure. The cycle-poor topology of the state set is approximated by that of a cycle-free Bethe lattice, i.e., an infinite, homogeneous Cayley tree. For coordination q and hopping matrix element V the distribution of energy levels is given by the function g(u) = g(E/V) = q[4(q − 1) − u2]1/2/2π(q2 − u2), where q = 3 for the set of hopping options available to an ion in ice. The thermal average of the group velocity v = [4(q − 1) − u2]1/2 V d / ℏ on the Bethe lattice with lattice spacings d determines a finite coefficient of diffusion in real three-dimensional space, where paths on the Bethe lattice are represented by random walks in 3 space with only a finite measure of correlation between the directions of successive steps. These results agree with recent computations by Minagawa and with the results of various parallel efforts in the theory of electron tunneling. Some questions of principle are resolved by an analysis of the corresponding eigenvalue problem for a symmetrically constructed finite Cayley tree, and an effective upper bound for the error incurred by disregarding cycles is obtained from a computation for a periodic graph in three dimensions. While the ionic mobilities in ice are not yet well known, even the greatest claimed values of about 0.075 cm2/V · sec are compatible with matrix elements somewhat smaller than 1 mV, which would entail tunneling corrections to the partition function for a hydrogen ion of less than 2% near the freezing point.