It is shown that a discrepancy and incompatibility persist between basic physics and fusion-literature regarding the radiation losses from a thermonuclear plasma. Whereas the fusion-literature neglects the excitation or line radiation completely according to basic physics it depends upon the prevailing conditions and cannot be neglected in general. Moreover, for a magnetized plasma, while the fusion-literature assumes a self-absorption or reabsorption of cyclotron or synchrotron radiation emitted by the electrons spiraling along the magnetic field, the basic physics does not allow any effective reabsorption of cyclotron or synchrotron radiation.As is demonstrated, fallacious assumptions and notions, which somehow or other crept into the fusion-literature, are responsible for this discrepancyIn the present work, the theory is corrected. On the grounds of basic physics, a complete energy balance of magnetized and non-magnetized plasmas is presented for pulsed, stationary and self-sustaining operations by taking into account the energy release by reactions of light nuclei as well as different kinds of diffusive (conduction) and radiative (bremsstrahlung, cyclotron or synchrotron radiation and excitation radiation) energy losses. Already the energy losses by radiation make the energy balance negative. Hence, a fusion reactor-an energy producing device-seems to be beyond the realms of realization.

Experiments have been carried out on lead and copper cylindrical billets using simple extrusion forging dies under quasi-static and dynamic conditions to produce boss and flange type components. It was observed that during the initial stages of the deformation process, the flow pattern of the metal is significantly different to what is normally assumed in theoretically analysing the process. The profile of the flange becomes very much tapered and the height of the boss obtainable is dependent on the boss to billet dimensional ratio.

Ballistic test equipment has been designed, constructed and commissioned for the firing of cylindrical projectiles at speeds up to 1000 m/s at small cylindrical/disc shaped test specimens placed upon a rigid anvil. Compressed air was used to propel the projectile whose speed before impact was measured using a laser-beam interruption device. An IMACON high speed camera was used to continuously record the deformation-time history of the specimen and these records were then used to obtain force, strain, stress and strain rate histories during the entire deformation process thus eliminating the need to obtain measured force-time history.

The plastro-hydrodynamic die-less drawing process has been successfully applied to the drawing of wires and reductions of up to 25% have been obtained in a single pass: the technique should be equally applicable to tube sinking, which is a geometrically similar process. This paper describes a die-less tube sinking apparatus and presents the results of initial tests on tubes of soft metals. Further implications and the prospects of the process are then discussed in the light of these results.

This is an experimental and theoretical study of the process of drawing wire through a device based on an adaptation of the Christopherson tube and employing a polymer melt as the lubricating agent. Previous analyses have assumed Newtonian behaviour for the melt producing simplified but useful relationships for the process. The present study utilises an empirical expression, relating shear stress and rate of shear together with an experimentally derived pressure coefficient of viscosity, in determining the coating thickness possible on the wire.

A study of upsetting of cylindrical billets between free falling tup and stationary anvil with unequal end friction is made. The effect of unequal interface friction between tup-billet and billet-anvil contact surfaces on the strain distribution and hence the billet profiles as it is deformed to its final shape, together with the variations in tup and anvil loads and energy consumption is predicted theoretically using a numerical technique [1].