Objectives/methodology The present study focuses on the evaluation of antioxidant potential (AP), total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF), antimicrobial activity (AA), antidiabetic capacity (AC), heavy metals contents (HMC) and sensory evaluation of commercial ketchup samples. Results The AP, TP and TF were found to be in the range of 35.51 to 77.92%, 2.66 to 14.98 mg GAE/100 g and 1.69 to 4.23 mg QE/g, respectively. The results of AA showed that commercial ketchup (CK) samples showed inhibition of microbial growth ranged from 18.96 to 30.67 mm against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and 19.00 to 31.14 mm against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The AC (involving alpha-amylase assay) was determined and represented as IC50 value of 23.12 to 62.76 µg/mL. According to the sensory evolution, all the samples were acceptable for use with overall acceptability <50. Conclusions The current study concluded that ketchup exhibited good antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic potential, however, the level of heavy metals in tested ketchup were required to be controlled.

Phytosterols are natural plant–based bioactive compound shaving various roles in human health that are widely used in the food, nutrition, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Phytosterol extraction and isolation techniques are difficult and time consuming. The growing demand for phytosterols encourages the development of easy-to-use technologies for extracting and isolating them from various plant sources. Free phytosterols extracted from plants are extensively used in fortified meals and nutritional supplements. Bioactivities of phytosterols have sparked interest in obtaining them from vegetable oils or industrial wastes. The growing demand for these bioactive compounds as a food supplement may spur additional advancements in extraction, isolation, and analytical processes that are more efficient, quick, and environmentally friendly. This review summarizes both conventional and non-conventional extraction techniques of phytosterols and their use in the food industry. Supercritical fluid extraction is the emerging technique to extract phytosterols due to its efficiency; however, further experiments are needed to create optimal working conditions and instruments.

Plums are the ubiquitous fruit belonging to genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus, consumed as food and have many health benefits and medicinal effect in the treatment of many diseases. Pulp from plums is also used in different beverages. Plums are the potential source of polyphenolic compounds and bioactive compounds such as phenolic, anthocyanins, and carotenoids and many organic acids such as citric acid and malic acid. Plums are also the abundant sources of many minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamins A, B, K, and C. Plums are the abundant sources of predominant antioxidants and phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, crypto-chlorogenic acid, and neo-chlorogenic acid. These antioxidants and bioactive compounds are effective in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases, bone heath, and cardiovascular diseases and in maintaining the blood glucose level. Plums helps in the heart diseases prevention, as it is low in fat content and high in dietary fiber. It is also effective in the treatment of lung and oral cancer. The consumption of plums boosts human health and prevents many diseases. The review discusses the importance, production, different varieties of plums along with its nutritional profile, availability of bioactive compounds, phytochemical composition, and antioxidants mainly phenolic and flavonoid compounds. It also introduces the beneficial effect of the bioactive compounds in heart, lungs, and cardiovascular diseases, followed by its in vivo human and animal studies.

Food is a crucial source for the endurance of individuals,andquality concerns of consumers are being raised with the progressionof time. Edible coatings and films (ECFs) are increasingly importantin biobased packaging because they have a prime role in enhancingthe organoleptic characteristics of the food products and minimizingthe spread of microorganisms. These sustainable ingredients are crucialfor a safer and healthier environment. These are created from proteins,polysaccharides, lipids, plasticizers, emulsifiers, and active substances.These are eco-friendly since made from innocuous material. Nanocompositefilms are also beginning to be developed and support networks of biologicalpolymers. Antioxidant, flavoring, and coloring compounds can be employedto improve the quality, wellbeing, and stability of packaged foods.Gelatin-enhanced fruit and vegetable-based ECFs compositions havethe potential to produce biodegradable films. Root plants like cassava,potato, and sweet potato have been employed to create edible filmsand coatings. Achira flour, amylum, yam, ulluco, and water chestnuthave all been considered as novel film-forming ingredients. The physicalproperties of biopolymers are influenced by the characteristics, biochemicalconfirmation, compatibility, relative humidity, temperature, waterresistance, and application procedures of the components. ECFs mustadhere to all regulations governing food safety and be generally recognizedas safe (GRAS). This review covers the new advancements in ECFs regardingthe commitment of novel components to the improvement of their properties.It is expected that ECFs can be further investigated to provide innovativecomponents and strategies that are helpful for global financial issuesand the environment.

The significance of plants has always been an inevitable part of human life, especially medicinal plants utilized in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, etc. Coriander is one of the medicinal plants that has been used in food and non-food applications for a long time. All parts of this plant are worthwhile due to the presence of bioactive compounds in bulk, as their essential oil component constitutes several beneficial bioactive compounds that can be extracted by various methods and then used in various industrial applications. The essential oil extracted from coriander has a significant role in antibacterial and antifungal activities. In addition to food-related applications, coriander essential oil is essential for several non-food applications like pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It is also an anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agent used to combat several diseases. This chapter covers non-food applications of coriander essential oil.

Plants have astonishing ability to yield and release a variety of organic and inorganic compounds into the rhizosphere known as root exudates. The normal yield of these root exudates can be enhanced by applying various abiotic stresses. In current research abiotic stresses i.e. physical and chemical have been used to get desired outcomes for root exudates of canola plant. Effect of abiotic stress on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of root exudates has also been observed. The results showed that by applying abiotic stress the obtained yield came out in the range 1.56 ± 1.79 to 1.97 ± 1.74 percent/100 g DW which was 0.03 percent/100g DW without applying abiotic stress. In addition to this TPC results ranged 31.92 ± 2.22 - 511.3 ± 10.27 mg GAE/g of DW that was higher as compared to the value of control (11.2 ± 2.11 mg GAE/g of DW). The value of IC50 calculated by the DPPH radical scavenging assay was about 0.58 ± 0.02 - 1.71 ± 0.03 mg/mL with abiotic stress as compared to the value of control to be 2.1 ± 0.03 mg/mL that indicated the increasing antioxidant activity with respect to abiotic stress application.