Abstract. During administration of an oral contraceptive pill containing 0.150 mg desogestrel and 0.030 mg ethinyles‐tradiol, routine liver function tests were performed before and after 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. No significant changes in serum amino aspartate transferase or serum alanine amino transferase were recorded during treatment. The serum alkaline phosphatase level decreased significantly after 3 and 6 months and then returned to normal. No changes in serum bilirubin were found. Briefly, no significant changes in the liver function tests were found, indicating no impairment of the liver function throughout the medication period.

Abstract. The clinical efficacy of an oral contraceptive containing 0.150 mg desogestrel+0.030 mg ethinylestradiol was studied by nine Scandinavian investigators in a total of 198 women and 2055 cycles. The preparation was found to be highly effective, and a low incidence of minor adverse side effects was reported. The incidence of spotting and breakthrough bleeding, though initially rather high, decreased over the first six cycles, and coincided with a high incidence of missed tablets. No serious side effects occurred, and there were few withdrawals because of complaints suspected of being attributable to the preparation.

Serum HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels were analyzed in 54 women before and after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment with oral contraceptives containing 0.030 mg ethinyloestradiol (EE) plus 0.150 mg desogestrel or levonorgestrel. The combination of 0.150 mg desogestrel + 0.030 mg EE induced a small increase in HDL-cholesterol and in the ratio HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol, whereas 0.150 mg levonorgestrel + 0.030 mg EE induced a small decrease; the differences between the effects of the two combination on these parameters were statistically significant after 6 and 12 months of treatment and can be best explained by the higher androgenicity of levonorgestrel.

A trial of a normophasic-principle oral contraceptive ethinylestradiol (Ovanon) is reported. In 130 women observed for a total of 1354 cycles, there were no pregnancies; good cycle control was attained; side-effects were rare, and there was a very high degree of acceptability.

A series of preparations containing 17-beta-oestradiol and oestriol in a proportion of 2 : 1 was studied with respect to their effects and side effects in 352 women in the menopause and postmenopause in a total of 2 101 woman months. In certain of the treated groups it was considered of value to produce regular bleeding, and in these patients the oestrogen therapy was complemented with noretisterone acetate during short periods. Both the subjective and the objective effects of the treatment were excellent. Side effects were rare and the treatment seems to have advantages over other oestrogenic compounds. No signs of disturbance of the liver function were observed. In contrast to the alkyl substituted steroids the natural oestrogens seem to have a normalising effect on the blood lipids.

To determine the effect of oral contraceptive estrogens in small doses on milk secretion in 29 lactating women volunteers were administered various hormonal preparations or placebos in 33 trials of 3 weeks duration (weeks 1 and 3 served as controls while in the second week the tablets were taken). The contraceptive hormones studied were the preparation Lyndiol 2.5. (8 trials) mestranol 0.08 mg. (6 trials) and ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg. (6 trials). Milk was evaluated by comparing the amounts secreted in the control periods with the tablet period. Lyndiol 2.5 but not the estrogens had a statistically significant inhibiting effect on the production of milk. The use of Lyndiol 2.5 is contraindicated in nursing mothers.

Highly purified melanocyte-stimulating hormone (M.S.H.) was administered to six women with secondary amenorrhœa. Menstrual bleeding occurred in five of the patients approximately 13 days later. Transient electroencephalographic changes and akathisia-like symptoms developed in at least three of the women. The aqueous-flare phenomenon and increased visual dark adaptation were not observed, but statistically significant changes occurred in the concentrations of several components of serum.

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica ScandinavicaVolume 46, Issue 2 p. 119-125 Studies on Serum Copper in Pregnancy N. E. Borglin, N. E. BorglinSearch for more papers by this authorF. Heijkenskjöld, F. HeijkenskjöldSearch for more papers by this author N. E. Borglin, N. E. BorglinSearch for more papers by this authorF. Heijkenskjöld, F. HeijkenskjöldSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1967 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016346709158191AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume46, Issue2January 1967Pages 119-125 RelatedInformation

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & GynaecologyVolume 73, Issue 3 p. 478-486 EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA (HISTIOCYTOSIS X) OF THE VULVA N. E. Borglin M.D., N. E. Borglin M.D. Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologySearch for more papers by this authorJ. Söderström M.D., J. Söderström M.D. Department of PathologySearch for more papers by this authorL. Wehlin M.D., L. Wehlin M.D. Roentgendiagnostic Department, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author N. E. Borglin M.D., N. E. Borglin M.D. Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologySearch for more papers by this authorJ. Söderström M.D., J. Söderström M.D. Department of PathologySearch for more papers by this authorL. Wehlin M.D., L. Wehlin M.D. Roentgendiagnostic Department, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1966 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1966.tb05193.xCitations: 12AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume73, Issue3June 1966Pages 478-486 RelatedInformation

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & GynaecologyVolume 72, Issue 4 p. 544-556 ROENTGENOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF PSEUDOPREGNANCY IN ENDOMETRIOSIS Nils Erik Borglin M.D., Nils Erik Borglin M.D. Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologySearch for more papers by this authorGeorg Theander M.D., Georg Theander M.D. Roentgendiagnostic Department, Malmo General Hospital, Malmo, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorLennart Wehlin M.D., Lennart Wehlin M.D. Roentgendiagnostic Department, Malmo General Hospital, Malmo, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author Nils Erik Borglin M.D., Nils Erik Borglin M.D. Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologySearch for more papers by this authorGeorg Theander M.D., Georg Theander M.D. Roentgendiagnostic Department, Malmo General Hospital, Malmo, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorLennart Wehlin M.D., Lennart Wehlin M.D. Roentgendiagnostic Department, Malmo General Hospital, Malmo, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author First published: August 1965 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1965.tb00064.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume72, Issue4August 1965Pages 544-556 RelatedInformation

HereditasVolume 52, Issue 3 p. 325-333 Open Access CLINICAL AND CYTOGENETICAL FINDINGS IN 9 WOMEN WITH PRIMARY AMENORRHOEA J. REIT ALU, J. REIT ALU CANCER CHROMOSOME LABORATORY, INSTITUTE OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF LUND, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this authorN. E. BORGLIN, N. E. BORGLIN OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGICAL CLINIC, MALMÖ ALLMÄNNA SJUKHUS, MALMÖ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this authorV. FALK, V. FALK OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGICAL CLINIC, MALMÖ ALLMÄNNA SJUKHUS, MALMÖ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this authorS. BERGMAN, S. BERGMAN CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF UMEÅ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this author J. REIT ALU, J. REIT ALU CANCER CHROMOSOME LABORATORY, INSTITUTE OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF LUND, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this authorN. E. BORGLIN, N. E. BORGLIN OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGICAL CLINIC, MALMÖ ALLMÄNNA SJUKHUS, MALMÖ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this authorV. FALK, V. FALK OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGICAL CLINIC, MALMÖ ALLMÄNNA SJUKHUS, MALMÖ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this authorS. BERGMAN, S. BERGMAN CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF UMEÅ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1965 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1965.tb01965.xAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Literature cited Broman, B., Dahlberg, G. och Lichtenstein, A. 1942. Standardtabeller för vikt och längd för pojkar och flickor. Almqvist och Wicksell, Uppsala . de la Chapelle, A. 1962. Cytogenetical and Clinical Observations in Female Gonadal Dysgenesis. Acta endocrin. (Kbh) Suppl. 65. Tilgmann, Helsingfors. Court Brown, W. M. and MacGregor, T. N. 1962. A Classification of Patients with Primary Amenorrhoea on a Cytogenetic Basis. J. Obst. Gynaec. Brit. Commonw. 69: 63– 65. Hauser, G. A. 1961. Gonadendysgenesi. — In: C. Overzier, Ed. Die Intersexualität, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart . Pp. 304– 347. Hauser, G. A., Gloor, F., Stalder, G., Bodis, J., Keller, M., Goerre, J. und Gouw, W. L. 1960. XX-chromosomale Gonadendysgenesie mit Granulosa-Thekazell-Tumor und Feminisierung. Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 90: 1486– 1491. Homma, H. 1956. Zur Entwicklungsmekanik der Derivate des Müllerschen Ganges, besonders auch des Fimbrientrichters der Tuben. Virchows Archiv 328: 679– 725. Jacobs, P. A., Harnden, D. G., Buckton, K. E., Court Brown, W. M., King, M. J., McBridge, J. A., MacGregor, T. N. and MacLean, N. 1961. Cytogenetic Studies in Primary Amenorrhoea. Lancet I: 1183– 1189. Lindsten, J. 1963. The nature and origin of X chromosome aberrations in Turner's Syndrome. Almqvist och Wicksell, Uppsala . Moorhead, P. S., Nowell, P. C., Mellman, W. H., Battips, D. M. and Hungerford, D. A. 1960. Chromosome preparations of leukocytes cultured from human peripheral blood. Exp. Cell Res. 20: 613– 616. Overzier, C. 1961. Echter Agonadismus. — In: C. Overzier, Ed. Die Intersexualität, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart . Pp. 348– 352. Overzier C. und Linden H. 1956. Echter Agonadismus (Anorchismus) bei Geschwistern. Gynaecologia 142: 215– 233. Polani, P. E. 1961. Sex Chromosome Anomalies in Man. — In: J. L. Hammerton, Ed. Chromosomes in Medicin. Heinemann Medical, London . Pp. 73– 139. Staemmler, H. J. 1963. Klinik des hypoplastischen Ovarium. In: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie. Archiv für Gynäkologie 198: 377– 393. Stange, H.-H. 1963. Die Morphologie der fehlgebildeten und fehlgesteuerten weiblichen Keimdrüse. In: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie. Archiv für Gynäkologie 198: 329– 334. Volume52, Issue3March 1965Pages 325-333 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica ScandinavicaVolume 60, Issue 1 p. 27-35 Article EFFECT OF HORMONES ON INCIDENCE OF UTERINE EOSINOPHILIA IN RATS L. BJERSING, L. BJERSING FROM THE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF PATHOLOGY AND OF GYNAECOLOGY, ALLMANNA SJUKHUSET, MALMÖ, SWEDENPresent address: Institute of Pathology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.Search for more papers by this authorN. E. BORGLIN, N. E. BORGLIN FROM THE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF PATHOLOGY AND OF GYNAECOLOGY, ALLMANNA SJUKHUSET, MALMÖ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this author L. BJERSING, L. BJERSING FROM THE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF PATHOLOGY AND OF GYNAECOLOGY, ALLMANNA SJUKHUSET, MALMÖ, SWEDENPresent address: Institute of Pathology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.Search for more papers by this authorN. E. BORGLIN, N. E. BORGLIN FROM THE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF PATHOLOGY AND OF GYNAECOLOGY, ALLMANNA SJUKHUSET, MALMÖ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1964 https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.1964.60.1.27Citations: 27 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume60, Issue1July 1964Pages 27-35 RelatedInformation

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica ScandinavicaVolume 41, Issue 3 p. 238-253 Intranasal Administration of Oxytocin for Induction and Stimulation of Labour N. E. Borglin, N. E. Borglin Department of Obstetrics and Gynæcology, Malmö General Hospital, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author N. E. Borglin, N. E. Borglin Department of Obstetrics and Gynæcology, Malmö General Hospital, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1962 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016346209158101Citations: 15AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume41, Issue3January 1962Pages 238-253 RelatedInformation

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica ScandinavicaVolume 54, Issue 4 p. 353-364 EOSINOPHILIA IN THE MYOMETRIUM OF THE HUMAN UTERUS L. BJERSING, L. BJERSING UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF PATHOLOGY AND OF GYNAECOLOGY, ALLMÄNNA SJUKHUSET, MALMÖ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this authorN. E. BORGLIN, N. E. BORGLIN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF PATHOLOGY AND OF GYNAECOLOGY, ALLMÄNNA SJUKHUSET, MALMÖ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this author L. BJERSING, L. BJERSING UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF PATHOLOGY AND OF GYNAECOLOGY, ALLMÄNNA SJUKHUSET, MALMÖ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this authorN. E. BORGLIN, N. E. BORGLIN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS OF PATHOLOGY AND OF GYNAECOLOGY, ALLMÄNNA SJUKHUSET, MALMÖ, SWEDENSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1962 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1962.tb05075.xCitations: 7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume54, Issue4July 1962Pages 353-364 RelatedInformation