This study investigates white willow bark extract (WWBE) as a potential corrosion inhibitor for Cu-DHP in a 0.5 M NaCl solution, using a non-destructive electrochemical methods, namely electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrolytes consisted of 0.5 M NaCl solutions both with and without the addition of WWBE (0.1–0.5 g l−1). The 0.5 M NaCl solution containing 0.5 g l−1 WWBE, both in the presence and absence of a copper plate, was analysed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The experiments were conducted at room temperature. The EFM results indicated that WWBE functioned as a cathodic copper corrosion inhibitor, with the highest inhibition efficiency observed for the 0.5 M NaCl solution containing 0.5 g l−1 WWBE. The EIS results suggested the formation of a protective WWBE inhibitor film. The corrosion process was diffusion-controlled, both with and without the addition of WWBE. Both electrochemical methods demonstrated that WWBE adsorbed onto the copper surface in 0.5 M NaCl solution via physisorption, following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Gibbs free energy values of adsorption were similar for EFM and EIS. The UV-Vis results showed that immersion of copper in an electrolyte containing 0.5 g l−1 WWBE for 24 h led to a change in the absorbance maximum, indicating the formation of a copper–WWBE complex. Overall, the results indicate that WWBE is an effective inhibitor of copper corrosion in chloride conditions. Further research will focus on the identification of compounds and organometallic complexes in WWBE and their individual effects on the corrosion process.

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of blackberry leaf extract (BLE) as a green inhibitor of copper corrosion in 0.5 M NaCl. The experimental method of gravimetric analysis was applied, the results of which were used for data analysis methods: adsorption and thermodynamic studies and statistical modeling. The density functional theory (DFT) method was applied to determine the influence on the process of corrosion inhibition by comparing BLE molecules and possible organometallic complexes formed between Cu ions in solution and BLE molecules. BLE, containing caffeic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, significantly reduced copper dissolution across 298-328 K, reaching inhibition efficiencie up to 99% at concentrations >= 10 g/L. Adsorption obeyed the Langmuir isotherm at all temperatures, and negative Gibbs free energies (-12.5 to -14.6 kJ/mol) confirmed spontaneous physical adsorption. The increase in activation energy and positive adsorption entropy values indicated an endothermic, physisorption-controlled process accompanied by water displacement from the copper surface. Response surface methodology showed excellent predictive power (R & sup2; > 0.97), identifying inhibitor concentration as the most influential factor, followed by immersion time and temperature. Optimization predicted conditions yielding 99% inhibition, validated experimentally. DFT calculations established the stability and preferred geometries of Cu(II) complexes formed with the main BLE constituents, supporting their participation in adsorption, which represents a significant novelty in relation to previous research on plant corrosion inhibitors. Overall, the combined experimental-computational approach confirms BLE as a highly efficient, eco-friendly solution for copper protection in chloride environments.

The article presents the results of the study of the electrochemical behavior of copper during oxidation in a 0.5 mol/dm3 NaCl solution in the absence and presence of pine cone macerate of different concentrations. The electrochemical behavior of copper was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry method and the potentiostatic method. The results of cyclic voltammetry show that three current peaks appear on the anodic polarization curves, which correspond to the formation of copper chloride and copper oxide. Potentiostatic polarization was performed at 0.5 mV vs. SCE for 100 s and at 25oC. Potentiostatic curves show that the steady-state currents decrease with increasing concentration of macerate in the electrolyte. Microscopic images confirm that a protective layer has formed on the copper surface in the presence of the pine cone macerate, which prevents the corrosion process.

This paper presents the kinetic analysis of the adsorption process of copper ions on sunflower hulls. Three theoretical kinetic models were used to analyze the experimental results: the pseudo-first order kinetic model, the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Elovich kinetic model. The results showed that the pseudo-second order kinetic model is the best fit for the analyzed data.

The statistical modeling of the copper ions biosorption onto sunflower hulls is presented in this work. The analysis was conducted using the Response Surface Methodology coupled with the Box-Behnken Design. The software experimental design, consisting of 17 experiments, was applied to optimize the biosorption process. The obtained results indicated that the used model is statistically significant, and that the optimal conditions for copper ions biosorption onto sunflower hulls are: 0.7 g sunflower hull sample mass, 0.1 g dm-3 initial copper ions concentration, and pH of the solution 5. The analysis indicated that all three analyzed parameters are significant model terms.

The changes in pH and conductivity during the rinsing of the pumpkin peel and the biosorption of Cu2+ ions were the subject of this work. The obtained data showed that the pH value of the solutions increased during the rinsing of the biosorbent, as a result of the transfer of H+ ions from the aqueous phase into the structure of the pumpkin peel. An increase in the conductivity value was observed in the initial period of rinsing the pumpkin peel, followed by a decrease. The increase in conductivity in the initial phase contributed to the self-leaching of the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions from the structure of the pumpkin peel, which were transferred into the aqueous phase. The further decrease in conductivity is a result of the dilution of the aqueous phase. The pH value decreased during the biosorption of Cu2+ ions, as hydrogen ions were transferred from the pumpkin peel structure into the solution, and then exchanged with Cu2+ ions. The conductivity value increased during the biosorption process, with a rapid increase in the initial period of 5 minutes, due to the transfer of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions into the solution.

This paper presents the equilibrium and thermodynamic study of the adsorption of copper ions on sunflower hulls. The results of the equilibrium analyses showed that Temkin's isothermal model was the best fit the analysed data. The calculated thermodynamic data showed that the sorption reaction is not spontaneous at the given temperatures, that the process is endothermic and that there is a reduced randomness at the solid-solution interface.

The study on the possible use of calcined chicken eggshells as a biosorbent for copper ions removal from aqueous solutions, as well as some comparisons between raw and calcined eggshells, are presented in this paper. SEM-EDS and FTIR analysis of the calcined chicken eggshell samples were performed. In addition, the DTA-TGA analysis on raw chicken eggshells was performed. The influence of various process parameters, such as solution pH, stirring rate, biosorbent mass and Cu2+ concentration, was investigated. The kinetic analysis using four different empirical kinetic models was performed. The equilibrium analysis was done using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The process was optimized using the Response Surface Methodology based on the Box-Behnken Design (RSM-BBD). The obtained results are compared to our previous study on raw eggshells as a biosorbent for Cu2+ removal, in order to determine the justification for biosorbent modification (i.e. the calcination of raw eggshells).

It has been known for a long time that textile industry represents sector with significant environmental, social, and economic consequences. Three main problems such as pollution, high water consumption, and increased waste generation lead to serious environmental degradation, while labor exploitation and supply chain opacity contribute to social unfavorable impacts. Among numerous issues, so-called fast fashion stands out due to excessive resource consumption, and, hence, growing waste accumulation. In order to cope with these challenges, it is necessary to adopt a multidimensional approach that includes various instruments such as regulatory frameworks, technological advancements and innovations, and, more importantly, shifts in consumer behavior. Consumer awareness may play vital role in driving systemic change. On the other hand, textile companies should take into account ethical issues more seriously and sustainable production as well. This transition might be understood as a precondition for long-term economic activity, environmental conservation, and social well-being. Moreover, adopting the basic principles of circular economy - for instance, textile recycling or waste reduction initiatives - can provide sustainability. Also, implementation of social conditions should not be neglected, ensuring strong labor standards, supply chain transparency, and, promoting fair trade practices.

As an important source for nickel extraction, millerite (NiS) has been investigated in the past, however there is still a notable deficiency in literature data regarding its behaviour and phase transformations at elevated temperatures. In order to better understand millerite oxidation process, the characterization of the initial sample and its oxidation products was investigated. Thermal and kinetic analysis were performed in order to identify phase transformations, propose a possible reaction mechanism and to determine the kinetic parameters of the process when heating the sample in the temperature range from 25 oC to 1000 oC. Experimental results showed that thermal decomposition end-products consist of nickel oxide and spinel phase trevorite as well as hematite and maghemite at elevated temperatures. Kinetic analysis results indicate that oxidative roasting occurs in kinetic field, with temperature-dependant reactions.

The behavior of copper in 0.5 mol/L NaCl containing different Rubus fruticosus leaf extract (RFLE) concentrations was studied. Electrochemical methods such as open circuit potential (OCP) measurement and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were performed. The weight loss measurements were performed at different immersion times to determine the time influence on copper corrosion in the solution without and with the addition of RFLE. UV–Vis spectrophotometry was used to examine whether the formation of a copper-extract complex occurs. The characterization of the copper surface after exposure to the solution with the addition of 15 g/L RFLE was performed using SEM-EDS analysis. The results show the examined extract acts as a good copper corrosion inhibitor in 0.5 mol/L NaCl. Both electrochemical methods indicate that blackberry leaf extract acts as a mixed type of inhibitor. Better CV results were achieved in the presence of higher extract concentrations. The gravimetric results show that corrosion rate values decrease with an increase in the RFLE concentration. The lowest value of the corrosion rate was obtained with the addition of 15 g/L RFLE, after 10 days, with an inhibition efficiency of 99.1

The removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions using bean shells as an adsorbent is presented in this paper. The influence of the solution pH on the biosorption capacity was investigated. The biosorption capacity increased with the increase in the solution pH. The pseudo-second order kinetic model showed the best agreement with the analysed experimental data, indicating that chemisorption could be a possible way of binding the copper ions to the surface of the bean shells. The Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the analysed isotherm data. The SEM-EDS analysis was performed before and after the biosorption process. The change in the morphology of the sample after the biosorption process was evident, whereby K, Mg, Si and Ca were possibly exchanged with copper ions. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the biosorption process, with the selected factors: the solution pH, initial copper ions concentration and contact time. The optimum biosorption conditions were determined to be: pH 3-4, initial copper ions concentration, 100 mg dm-3, and contact time, 10-30 min.

The presence of issues of sustainable rural development in media has multiple effects on overall development od rural population: socio-cultural, economic, political and environmental.Socio-economic development of rural regions is based not only on improvement of agriculture bat also on creating conditions which would allow the incomes of rural households in the other economic activities.Media by dissemination of useful messages media may contribute to the awareness and education of rural inhabitants and, therefore, directly influence the development of rural communities and regions.It has been known, for a long time, that media are a significant actor in the he process of social changes.The printed media, especially daily newspapers, have a decisive role in this process due to their larger number of published analytical texts.The objective of this research is to find out the number of articles dealing with sustainable rural development, their frequency of appearance, and the journalist form used on the example of daily Serbian regional newspaper.The research has been conducted, using the regional newspaper Narodne novine, in 2022 year (last three months).The method of content analysis, of quantitative-qualitative type, was used and the unit of analysis was each text dealing with rural development.It was identified 179 such newspaper textual unites.It was noticed that the Narodne novine covers various topics connected with daily life on countryside, agriculture, diversification of rural economy and environmental protection.

The study on the biosorption of copper ions using raw eggshells as an adsorbent is presented in this paper. The influence of different process parameters, such as: initial pH value of the solution, initial Cu2+ ions concentration, initial mass of the adsorbent, and stirring rate, on the biosorption capacity was evaluated. The SEM-EDS analysis was performed before and after the biosorption process. SEM micrographs indicate a change in the morphology of the sample after the biosorption process. The obtained EDS spectra indicated that K, Ca, and Mg were possibly exchanged with Cu2+ ions during the biosorption process. The equilibrium analysis showed that the Langmuir isotherm model best describes the experimental data. Four kinetic models were used to analyze the experimental data, and the results revealed that the pseudo-first order kinetic model is the best fit for the analyzed data. Calculated thermodynamic data indicated that the biosorption process is spontaneous, and that copper ions are possibly bound to the surface of the eggshells by chemisorption. The biosorption process was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD), with the selected factors: adsorbent mass, initial metal ion concentration, and contact time.

The great advantages of applying renewable energy sources go beyond the economic sector, public institutions, and the usefulness is reflected in the extent of potential distribution in households.Human needs are no longer only existential in the form of food, security, physiological needs, but the need for heat; lighting and thermal treatment of food can be seen as an evolutionary need for energy.If fossil fuels were used, with the tendency of the world's population to grow, people would be condemned to more and more environmental problems, as a consequence of increased consumption of limited fuels.Therefore, the transition to renewable energy sources is a necessary step towards a cleaner environment, which must be accompanied by incentives, not restrictions imposed by state authorities.Barriers faced by actors in processing projects into renewable energy sources are technological, locational and social, with their own subcategories.It seems that personal preferences can initiate a positive step towards the acceptance of RES, where the processing of projects takes place through stages -from research, decision, adoption, implementation, and use to review of projects.The paper presents the estimations of experts for the ranking of barriers that affect the development of RES projects, as well as the evaluation of these barriers, by the respondents who participate in the survey, dealing with obstacles that affect the implementation of geothermal water projects.

The impact of solvent polarity on the kinetics, reducing capacity, antioxidant activity, and mineral composition of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) flowers extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction was investigated. The DPPH assay and the Folin-Ciocalteu method were applied to define the antioxidant activity and reducing capacity of the extracts, respectively. The mineral content was defined using the ICP-OES method. Ponomaryov and non-stationary diffusion models were used for modeling the extraction of antioxidants. The obtained results showed that antioxidant activity, phenolic and mineral contents of the extracts were varied significantly depending on the solvent polarity. The highest reducing capacity (3.78 g gallic acid equivalent per 100 g dry weight) had the 50% (v/v) methanol extract, while the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.3381 mg/mL) was found in the 50% (v/v) ethanol extract. HPLC analysis showed that water as a solvent had the highest extraction capacity for vanillic acid and catechin hydrate. ICP-OES analysis confirmed that the black locust flower extracts are rich in macroelements (Ca, Na, Mg, K) with low content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd). The 50% (v/v) ethanol extract had the highest amount of macroelements, predominantly potassium (10.49 g/kg). The prepared extracts due to good antioxidant activity, high phenolic and mineral content, and low heavy metal contents can be considered useful for further human uses.

Abstact: Energy consumption is growing in proportion to the growth of the population of our planet.Restricting the use of fossil fuels to state-controlled heavy industry would likely reduce pollution from individual combustion plants and as a product of particulate matter from traffic.Limiting energy consumption will soon be a precondition for a sustainable economy, so citizens in collective housing and individual farms must reorient themselves to alternative sources, but also in agriculture, transport and savings.Energy efficiency allows existing resources to be used sustainably, moderately and responsibly towards planet Earth.The measures in force in the world prescribe standards for fulfilling the conditions for projects, energy facilities, production halls, individual households, white goods and means of transport to be energy efficient.The paper presents the results of empirical research among citizens from several places in southern Serbia (Vranje, Bujanovac and Medvedja) in order to establish acceptable measures for the transition in energy supply at the local level.The aims of this research are to: (2) establish a link between educational, age and location characteristics in relation to preferences for investment in a renewable energy source, and, (2) define the groups of interconnected elements that have the greatest influence on the choice of RES.It has been noticed the impact of financial investment, technology, security and availability of new energy sources, as well as support coming from the state or local level.

Sustainable development is a very important concept of the modern age.One of the dimensions of sustainable development that is the most present and current topic in world debates is the environmental dimension.The most reliable indicator of the environmental sustainability of countries is considered to be the Environmental Performance Index.This composite index ranks countries according to the degree of achievement of environmental sustainability.The latest report from 2020 covers 180 countries.Among them are the countries located on the Balkan countries, namely Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, Northern Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia, which are also areas of research in this paper.The data used in the research are part of the database available on the official website of the Environmental Performance Index (https://epi.iale.edu)and refer to the values from 2020.Objectives of the research can be formulated as follows: 1) Establish a correlation between the values of the Environmental Performance Index with components and the areas of environmental policy of this index, 2) Define the groups of interrelated elements that have the greatest impact on the value of this index.Using correlation analysis, a significant statistical agreement was found between the EPI index and its components (Environmental Health and Ecosystem Vitality) as well as the EPI index and environmental policy areas.The application of factor analysis, on the other hand, has enabled the identification of three important factors that can be identified as air and water quality, pollution and reduced use of ecosystem services.

The effect of benzotriazole (BTA) on the electrochemical behavior of the alloy AgCu50 (50 wt % Ag + 50 wt % Cu) in 0.5 M NaCl solution was investigated. Electrochemical behavior of pure copper, pure silver, as well as AgCu50 alloy, were studied under the same conditions for comparative analysis. The effect was studied by measuring the open circuit potentials as well as by using anodic potentiodynamic polarization and potentiostatic method. The value of open circuit potential for the alloy AgCu50 is between the potentials for pure silver and pure copper. SEM and EDS analyses were performed after potentiostatic treatment. Five current peaks were detected on the anodic polarization curve for alloy in 0.5 M NaCl. The addition of BTA in concentrations above 0.005 M decreases the current in investigated potential range and almost completely passivates the AgCu50 alloy. The results of potentiostatic investigations indicate that the mechanism of inhibiting effect depends on the benzotriazole concentration in electrolyte. Better effect of inhibition is achieved with the higher concentration of BTA. The results obtained by SEM and EDS analyzes show that in the presence of BTA amount of corrosion products decreases.