Mineral development has contributed greatly to China's economic and social development. Many challenges remain, however, including environmental pollution and resource waste in practice, as well as a dearth of systematic theoretical research. The goal of this study is to analyze the economic and social effects of various mineral developments in China from diversified perspectives, so as to provide the basis for the formulation of China's mineral development policy. The input–output effects, industrial linkage effects and income distribution effects of different mining industries are quantitatively analyzed by adopting basic hypotheses of input–output economics, industrial linkage model and income distribution antitheses based on the latest available official data from China Statistical Yearbook from 2004 to 2010 and the 2007 Input–Output Table of China. The empirical results obtained in this study indicate that all mineral development industries, especially coal mining and washing, and petroleum and natural gas extraction industries, have given a strong impetus to the increase of China's fixed asset investment and GDP. Moreover, they have provided a large number of jobs, thereby alleviating ongoing employment pressure, and they have also played a positive role in promoting China's technology investment. The analysis of industrial linkages demonstrates that mining industries are basic to the national economy and produce a significant impetus to its downstream industries, but create weak pull effects in terms of national economic development. From the perspective of income distribution, mining industries play an important role in increasing China's fiscal revenue and per capital income. Hence, China's mineral development policy should (1) encourage additional investment in technology for exploration and development to insure sufficient supply and expand the input effects; (2) attract additional talent to work in remote regions; (3) optimize the industrial structure and promote the industrial transformation in resource regions; (4) adjust the interest distribution between the central and local governments to enable the local regions to become more self-sufficient; and (5) enhance the legal environment so that companies can more readily undertake their social responsibilities voluntarily.

Both Fosfomycin sodium and Berberine pharmaceutical wastewater were strength recalcitrant organic wastewater.Conducted in a 0.5 liter high-pressure reactor,the research focused on the treatment of the above-mentioned two types of practical production sewage by catalytic wet air oxidation synchronously.Masses of copper ions in Berberine pharmaceutical wastewater was used as the source of catalyst,which carried the point of waste control by waste.The experiments were carried out at the temperature of 250 ℃ with an oxygen partial pressure of 1.3 MPa and residence times of 30 min.The results showed the average COD(Chemical oxygen demand) removal was up to 50%,and organ phosphorus mostly transformed into inorganic phosphorus,which promoted the biodegradability of the wastewater.Moreover,the influences of homogeneous catalyst types(Mn,Ce and Mn/Ce) to WAO treatment effect were also investigated.The addition of catalysts increased the TOC removal from 12%~18%.Mn(II) exhibited the highest catalytic activities and the COD removal and organ phosphorus transformation rate were up to 72% and 99%,respectively.Through WAO process,the BOD5 /COD ratio of the wastewater increased from 0 to 0.85,which achieved the aim of pretreatment.

With China's rapid economic development, it is important to formulate reasonable and feasible tax and fee policies to promote the development and utilization of low-grade oil and gas resources to guarantee China's energy supply security. In this paper, by analyzing major problems of China's current tax and fee policies for oil and gas resources, a reform program for low-grade oil and gas resources is designed from the aspects of tax/fee items and tax/fee rates. The impacts of this reform program on China and China's oil companies during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" are investigated according to the related data in 2008. The results show that the proposed tax and fee reform program will lower the tax burden of oil companies, promote the development of low-grade oil and gas resources, and increase China's GDP and national fiscal revenue. Besides that, it will bring positive social effects by increasing employment opportunities.

A reasonable tax and fee system of oil and gas resources can promote the rational exploitation and efficient utilization of oil and gas resources and enhance national oil supply security. Based on property rights theory, rent theory, sustainable development theory and national income distribution theory, a theoretical model of tax and fee policies for oil and gas resources is constructed. Then, by analyzing major problems of China's current tax and fee system of oil and gas resources, a reform program is proposed. Policies are always adjusted as conditions change, so tax and fee policies of oil and gas resources should be adjusted as the development of society, economy and technology. Furthermore, quantitative study of taxes and fees is needed, which should be the topic for future study.

Transformation products usually differ in environmental behaviors and toxicological properties from the parent contaminants, and probably cause potential risks to the environment. Toxicity evolution of a labile preservative, bronopol, upon primary aquatic degradation processes was investigated. Bronopol rapidly hydrolyzed in natural waters, and primarily produced more stable 2-bromo-2-nitroethanol (BNE) and bromonitromethane (BNM). Light enhanced degradation of the targeted compounds with water site specific photoactivity. The bond order analysis theoretically revealed that the reversible retroaldol reactions were primary degradation routes for bronopol and BNE. Judging from toxicity assays and the relative pesticide toxicity index, these degradation products (i.e., BNE and BNM), more persistent and higher toxic than the parent, probably accumulated in natural waters and resulted in higher or prolonging adverse impacts. Therefore, these transformation products should be included into the assessment of ecological risks of non-persistent and low toxic chemicals such as the preservative bronopol.

Information visualization emerged as peoplepsilas increasingly urgent demand for tacit knowledge when they faced a great amount of information. In order to show tremendous news information in a simple and intuitive way, this paper proposes an information visualization flow of special news text sets. On the basis of the characteristics of special news text sets, we extracted the keywords of news texts from five factors; then we process the keywords by methods of abstracted or decomposed; further a relevance network of keywords is constructed in accordance with the processed keywords to realize the information visualization of special news text sets. Example shows that the presented approach can not only show the information and highlight the relationship between news texts but also facilitate the rapid grasp of main subjects and events and the changes of peoplepsilas attention focus as time changes, so as to enhance the understanding of the information and make full use of it.

Abstact:Acute toxicity and joint toxicity of a broad-spectrum preservative bronopol(BNP) and its transformation products,2-bromo-2-nitroethanol(BNE),bromine nitromethane(BNM),formaldehyde(FA) and 2-bromine ethanol(BE),were investigated using the Vibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition test.Hormesis was observed for BNP and the transformation products.BNM was the most toxic with EC50 of 3.01 mg/L,followed by BNE(EC50 = 4.21mg/L),BNP(EC50 =19.19 mg/L),FA(EC50 =51.44mg/L) and BE(EC50 5000 mg/L).The toxicity predominately depended on oxidation potential of the bromine and KOW.Synergic or partial addition interactions were observed when BNM,BNE and the other transformation products co-existed with the parent.Ecological risk of BNP might increase upon transformation,and toxicity evaluation of the transformed products of preservatives should be taken into consideration for ecological risk assessment.

The activity of the plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase is tightly regulated via phosphorylation and binding of 14-3-3 protein to the C-terminus of the pump. Whereas the 14-3-3-binding mechanism has been described in detail, the identity of specific protein kinases and phosphatases involved in the control of 14-3-3 binding has remained elusive. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, GST pull-down assays and overlay experiments, we report that scaffolding subunit A of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A-A) interacts with the C-terminus of the Arabidopsis plasma membrane H+-ATPase isoform 2. PP2A-A binding is inhibited in the presence of 14-3-3 protein and fusicoccin, a fungal toxin which induces binding of 14-3-3 protein to the C-terminal end of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. This indicates that PP2A-A and 14-3-3 protein compete with each other for binding to the same region in the C-terminus of the H+-ATPase.