The authors argue that user studies are vital in order to improve our understanding of online fraud and other sociotechnical security problems. They then provide an overview of common approaches and describe how to carry out the approach that they believe results in the most accurate measurements, the so-called naturalistic phishing experiment. They give examples of such experiments, and illustrate ethical and technical issues that may arise for such experiments.

Sometimes a "friendly" email message tempts recipients to reveal more online than they otherwise would, playing right into the sender's hand.

Phishing is a form of deception in which an attacker attempts to fraudulently acquire sensitive information from a victim by impersonating a trustworthy entity. Phishing attacks typically employ generic" lures." For instance, a phisher misrepresenting himself as a large banking corporation or popular online auction site will have a reasonable yield, despite knowing little to nothing about the recipient. In a study by Gartner Group [9], about 19% of all those surveyed reported having clicked on a link in a phishing email message, and 3% admitted to giving up financial or personal information. The research project described here was designed to provide us with a baseline success rate for individual phishing attacks, and was, when it was performed in 2005, the first study to achieve this goal.It is worth noting that phishers are getting smarter. Following trends in other online crimes, it is inevitable that future generations of phishing attacks will incorporate greater elements of context to become more effective and thus more dangerous for society. For instance, suppose a phisher were able to induce an interruption of service to a frequently used resource, for example, to cause a victim's password to be locked by generating excessive authentication failures. The phisher could notify the victim of a" security threat." Such a message may be welcomed or expected by the victim, who would then be easily induced into disclosing personal information.

The purpose of this study was to explore patterns of altruistic activities by nursing home residents, both prior to admission and as current residents of a nursing home. Understanding the continuity or discontinuity of occupational patterns over time can assist therapists when evaluating residents' needs for meaningful engagement within their living environment. This qualitative study was conducted in two nursing homes and included eleven participants. There were sixteen altruistic activities identified by six or more of the participants as the most common activities engaged in prior to entering the nursing home. Upon entering the nursing home all participants' altruistic activity patterns experienced a shift to some degree. All eleven participants identified immediate family and/or friends as the focus behind their activities, both prior to and while residing in the nursing home. The results of this study suggest that an understanding of how and why shifts over time occur as a person participates in altruistic activities will aid occupational therapists and other professionals to develop meaningful interventions to meet the needs of residents in nursing homes.