Background: Patients have certain expectations provision of healthcare delivery when they approach a healthcare facility. It has been observed that satisfied patients are more likely to follow medical advice and comply with treatment recommendation. Objective: Assessment of patient’s feedback regarding services provided in healthcare facility. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. It was conducted in a healthcare institute situated in Kanpur district. The study was conducted from January 2024 to March 2024. Purposive sampling technique was used for data collection. Likert scale items. Results: Overall 92.1% of the patient rated care received during the visit as either fair, good, very good or excellent with the services given by the care providers. Similarly, majority (99%) of the participants reported satisfaction with the Attitude & communication of doctors. Conclusion: Majority of participants, both OPD and IPD, agreed that behaviour of hospital staff was good, doctors and nurses spent adequate time with patients, and detailed information about illness and treatment was provided to them by doctors. Finally, a system for patients’ feedback may be institutionalized at all health facilities to improve quality of healthcare.

BACKGROUND:Children are the most important asset of the country. They are the future of their country. Malnutrition commonly affects all groups in a community, but the most vulnerable are infants and young children because of their high nutritional requirements for growth and development. The present study was planned to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in this area and the factors contributing to it in this geographical region. It may be helpful in improving the nutritional status of children in this area. The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and determinants of underweight among children aged six months to five years in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. METHODS:A study was conducted in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Among the children aged six months to five years, the targeted study population of 370 participants was selected from the four villages of Block Primary Health Center (PHC) after implementing the exclusion criteria. The study design was cross-sectional, and a multistage random sampling technique was used. Data were collected through a house-to-house survey by interviewing the mother/father/guardian of the children. The nutritional status of preschool children was evaluated using the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards. Z-scores were computed for weight-for-age (underweight), height-for-age (stunting), and weight-for-height (wasting). To compute the Z-scores, the individual value was subtracted from the median reference value and divided by the standard deviation of the reference population. A Z-score below -2 SD from the median was used to identify malnutrition, with Z-scores below -3 SD indicating severe undernutrition. RESULTS:The present study was conducted with 370 children aged six months to five years. Of the 370 participants, 94.6% were Hindu, while 5.4% were Muslim. Among the participants, 48.4% were male and 51.6% were female. The majority of fathers had an education up to middle school, while most mothers were educated up to primary school level (35.1%), and 27.6% were illiterate. A significant portion of fathers were semi-skilled workers, and most mothers were unemployed. The majority of participants belonged to lower-middle socioeconomic status and lived in nuclear families. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting among the children was 30.8%, 30.5%, and 16.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Though many mothers were illiterate or educated up to primary school, malnutrition was more prevalent among their children. Mothers should be provided with special counseling regarding breastfeeding and complementary feeding.

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is defined as the presence of nephrotic range proteinuria, hypercholesterolemia, and generalized edema. Proteinuria that is more than 85% albumin is selective proteinuria. Albumin has (-ve) charge, and it is loss of glomerular membrane (-ve) charges could be significant in causing albuminuria. Objective: Comparison of Furosemide-Spironolactone Combination and Furosemide-Metolazone Combination in Treating Refractory Edema in Nephrotic Syndrome Patients. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study design of six month from December 2023 to May2024. Results: The mean Age of the patients enrolled for the study with the minimum age being 1 year and maximum age being 14 years and the mean age was 5.6 years. It shows that weight loss at day 4 and 5 was significantly higher in group B as compared to group A. Conclusions: Group B patients having lower mean abdominal girth as compared to group A. Mean Serum electrolyte values like S.Na+, S.K+, S.Ca+ of both the groups were compared and found to be similar thus highlighting that both the combinations had similar effects in the patients with respect to electrolyte abnormalities.

Background: As household food insecurity is directly connected with the amount and quality of nutrition available to a person, maternal food insecurity, therefore, might have a role to play in poor pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW). Objectives: To find out whether maternal food insecurity was associated with LBW among infants born between May and June of 2020 in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India. Materials and Methods: The study was a case–control design, conducted among a set of sex-matched cases and controls. 105 LBW infants were taken as cases and 105 infants with birth weight ≥2500 g were taken as controls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to ascertain the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated to find out the association between the exposure and the outcome. Results: The cases and controls were statistically comparable with respect to baseline characteristics. Univariable analysis showed that the odds of LBW were 7.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.73–16.16) times more in food-insecure households. After adjusting for other variables included in the analysis, the AOR for food insecurity was 8.04 (95% CI: 3.81–16.94). Conclusion: The odds of giving birth to a LBW infant were higher in mothers belonging to food-insecure households. Addressing the prevalent barriers to accessibility, affordability, and adequacy of nutrition can be effective in mitigating this problem.

Introduction: The term 'patient feedback' can be measured through various formal reactions, including levels of patient comfort, experience, perspectives, and assessments of care in terms of convenience, continuity, and quality. By recording the patient’s viewpoint on the quality of care provided by a tertiary healthcare facility, it can be acknowledged through patient feedback. This data can then be utilised to improve health services and enhance the overall patient experience. Aim: To assess patient satisfaction with the services provided at a tertiary care hospital in Banda. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the government medical college in Banda, a district in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, a northern state of India. The study took place from December 2022 to February 2023 at the medical college and its associated hospital. A total of 400 participants who consented to be part of the study were included. Purposive sampling technique was employed for data collection. Outpatients were interviewed upon exiting the clinics, while inpatients were interviewed in the wards. Results: In the questionnaire, there was a question asking, about patient's overall satisfaction during the visit to the hospital. Since everyone’s score was higher than the 'poor' category, all categories were merged into one word, 'satisfied,' except for the 'poor' category to facilitate better understanding. The majority of patients from the Outpatient Department (OPD) (91, 45.5%) and Inpatient Department (IPD) (198, 99%) were satisfied with the attitude and communication of the doctor. Additionally, 98.5% of IPD patients were satisfied with the doctor's knowledge. A total of 99% of participants responded "yes" when questioned about their preference to return to the hospital for treatment. Conclusion: Overall, it was observed that the behaviour and care provided by hospital staff satisfied the majority of patients, who also expressed satisfaction with the indoor and outdoor services of the hospital.

Background Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease. In this disease patient has face hydroceale and lymphedema in leg. 863 million people had risk of lymphatic filariasis in 2020 who were belongs to 50 countries. The present study aimed to assess coverage and compliance of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis.MethodsFrom 300 households (1660 individuals) in rural area was covered in coverage evaluation survey by systematic selection of subunits using PPS. Data collected by trained team and data were collected using predesigned questionnaire. MS – Excel spreadsheet used for data compilation.ResultsOverall, estimated 37.8% drugs were swallowed in rural area of District Mahoba. 3.7% person in study population experienced adverse drug effect. In rural area, albendazole was swallowed more by females as compared to males but reverse in case of DEC. The most common reason for both albendazole and DEC not swallowed as reported by study population was not sick.Conclusions For filariasis elimination, need to increase coverage and also increase compliance for take drug. Coverage and compliance increase by perform information education and communication activities perform with different platform.

Background: The starting points that setting off the lifestyle disease come with substantial passiveness, crummy food practices, tense biorhythm, incorrect way of body gait etc. NCDs account for 41 million annual deaths, or 74% of all deaths worldwide. Due to NCDs, 86% of these premature fatalities take place annually in low- and middle-income nations. Aim & Objective: To compare the prevalence of obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes in Uttar Pradesh. Methodology: A cross-sectional study, which was community-based, probability sampling, was employed. Each unit in the survey population had an equal chance of being chosen throughout the sampling process. The NFHS 4 and NFHS 5 surveys' publicly available data served as the study's foundation which maintain participant confidentiality and are readily available from the NFHS website. MS words excel sheet Results: In Uttar Pradesh, the BMI for men and women in urban areas has grown from the NFHS-4 to the NFHS-5 survey. Comparatively, the prevalence of diabetes among women is 6.3% in urban areas and 5.6% in rural ones, whilst the prevalence among males is 8.2% in urban areas and 7.5% in rural areas. In women, the prevalence of hypertension is 20.6%, whereas in men it is 30%. Conclusions: Lifestyle-related disorders are becoming more prevalent leads to the socioeconomic threat to population as well as nations. It is very important that drift of NCDs and their confederated risk factors play a very critical for making policies and guidelines for preventive and curative management.

Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis results in severe disability that leading to severe social and economic burden at each level from individual to family, and community. This study was carried out to assess the coverage and compliance of MDA. Methods: From 300 households (1837 individuals) in both rural & urban area were covered in coverage evaluation survey by systematic selection of subunits using probability proportionate to size (PPS). Each household was visited by WHO designated team and data were collected using predesigned questionnaire. Data was compiled on MS-excel spreadsheet, frequency and percentage were calculated. Results: The overall effective coverage for all drugs was low (19.1%). The coverage was low, compliance was higher in urban as compared to rural area. Females had better coverage and compliance than males. The primary reasons for drug not offered was nobody came to offer drug, drug not swallowed was not sick, drug swallowed was useful information from drug administrator (DA). Only one female reported adverse effect. Conclusion: Increase in coverage along with decrease in coverage-compliance gap is needed to achieve filariasis elimination that warrants intense IEC activities using different platforms, development of better drug delivery strategies and strengthening monitoring system.

Background: Low birth weight is associated with higher morbidity and mortality including impaired growth and development, malnutrition etc. Worldwide, one-fifth of newborns delivered are low birth weight. Aims & objectives: To estimate frequency of low birth weight & its associated factors among newborns delivered in a tertiary care hospital. Materials & Methods: A cross sectional analysis of 290 newborns delivered in tertiary care hospital, Banda, Uttar Pradesh during period of 15th February 2021 to 31st December 2021 was done for estimating low birth weight frequency & its associated factors including child characteristics, mother characteristics & father characteristics using data from medical record section of hospital. Frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation, chi square test & independent t-test was used. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 91 out of 290 newborns delivered were low birth weight (27.9%, 95% CI- 23.1%-33.4%). The following factors were shown to have a significant association with low birth weight: education of mother (p=0.04), education of father (p=0.03), occupation of father (p=0.02), and duration of pregnancy (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that education of mother, education of father, occupation of father, and duration of pregnancy had significant association with low birth weight frequency that suggests that improving literacy status can help in decreasing burden of low birth weight apart from other factors.

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2021,11,4,202-205.DOI:10.5530/ijmedph.2021.4.38Published:September 2021Type:Original ArticleEpidemiologic Variables Affecting Deaths among COVID-19 Patients in Second Wave of Pandemic in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh: A Cross-sectional StudySuneel Kumar Kaushal, Navin Kumar, Ashok Kumar Patel, and Mukesh Yadav Suneel Kumar Kaushal1, Navin Kumar1, Ashok Kumar Patel1,*, Mukesh Yadav2 1Department of Community Medicine, Government Allopathic Medical College, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. 2Government Allopathic Medical College, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. Abstract:Introduction: WHO has declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11th March 2020. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID19) has rapidly spread worldwide. First case of COVID-19 was reported on 30th January 2020 in Kerala state, India. The first COVID-19 case was reported to Government Allopathic medical College Banda on 1st April 2020, and thereafter many COVID-19 cases were admitted and treated. This study was conducted to find the epidemiological variables affection mortality among hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: Study design: This study was a hospital based cross-sectional study. The outbreak of second wave started and the period was 1st April 2021 to 30th June 2021. Socio-demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms present, history of co-morbidities and vaccination history etc. were taken at the time of admission. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was estimated for all the potential covariates associated with death. The p-value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Maximum number of cases was found in the age group of 41-60 years (463) followed by 21-40 year age group (379). Out of 1226 cases, 795 (64.8%) cases were males respectively. The covariates marital status, sore throat, breathlessness and vaccination status were found to be significantly associated with mortality. Conclusion: Breathlessness, cough, sore throat and fever were the important clinical findings of this study. Also comorbidity was one of the significant risk factors. The COVID death can be minimized by vaccination; therefore there is a need of awareness and health education about COVID vaccine in community. Keywords:COVID-19, Death, Epidemiology, Uttar Pradesh, vaccineView:PDF (155.36 KB)

Background: Breastfeeding is a basic human activity, vital to infant and maternal health and it has massive economic value to households and societies. It has been proved that early initiation of breastfeeding lowers the risk of postpartum hemorrhage and anemia to the mothers, boosts their immunity and reduces the incidence of certain diseases like diabetes and cancer. In this study we assess the socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice of the mothers regarding breast feeding.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. It was conducted for a period of nine month from July 2019 to March 2020 at Government Allopathic Medical College, Banda. Total 160 children in the age group of 0-6 months came at immunization clinic of pediatric OPD.Results: Total numbers of children studied during the study period were 160 out of which 54.37% were male and 46.62% were females. Maximum number of mothers (38.75%) belong to the age group of 25-30 years followed by 21-25 years (26.87%). 38.12% of the mothers start breastfeeding within one hour, 46.87% between 1-6 hour and 60% of the mothers breastfed their babies on demand.Conclusions: The participants had good knowledge and attitude regarding breastfeeding but there was a noticeable deficit in the use of this knowledge in the breastfeeding practices which points towards the gap in the education and counselling of women regarding breast feeding.

Background: Corona viruses signify a most important group of viruses mostly affecting human beings. It is a respiratory infection with common signs and symptoms of fever, cough, sore throat, headache, and loss of taste, loss of smell, respiratory symptoms. In India till 31st December 2020, the total number of confirmed cases were 1,02,86,310; with active number of cases were 2,52,699 number of cases recovered were 98,81,732 while number of deaths were 1,49,018. Objective of the study was to find the quadratic and cubic model of COVID-19 positive cases at tertiary care hospital of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.Methods: A hospital based study was carried out with confirmed covid-19 cases admitted to Government Medical College Banda, UP. 1486 cases have been taken from the period of 1st April 2020 up to 31st December 2020.Results: In this study maximum cases (30.14%) belongs to the age group of 30-45 years. Male population is more than females in all districts. In this study the cubic model shows the best fit with the highest R-square value. Difference in the proportion in each age group (p value<0.001) and sign and symptoms (p value < 0.001) were statistically significant.Conclusions: The current study focused on presenting trends in the Bundelkhand region, Uttar Pradesh with respect to the outbreak of COVID-19. The spread of COVID-19 cases follow cubic model. We conclude that cases of COVID-19 will decline in the coming days heading towards the reduction in daily number of cases.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global emergency. AEFIs reporting and assessment should be done with high priority as they could change the benefit-risk profile of the vaccine. Objective: To assess adverse effects after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted among 605 heath functionaries taken part from January 2021 to March 2021. Results: The most common AEFI reported was pain at injection site (51.9%). Gender, previous COVID status and perception before vaccination were significantly associated with AEFI. Conclusion: There was no serious adverse event after vaccination. COVID vaccine has a good safety profile.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is an important factor of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Approximately 20.5 million new-borns, i.e., an estimated 15% of all babies are born with LBW globally. Various factors such as maternal age, education, parity, gestation period, nutritional status and socioeconomic status influence the of birth weight of baby. Objectives of the study to find out the prevalence of LBW babies and their determinants.Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study. The data has been taken from the period of 1st January 2019 to 15th February 2020.Results: 223 mothers and their newborn babies were included in the study. The 55 infants (24.6 %) were LBW (<2500 g) babies. From binary logistic regression analyses of each variable with LBW; gender {0.430 (0.230-0.804), p=0.007}, religion OR={3.477 (1.178-10.264), p=0.018}, education of mother OR={2.051 (1.009- 4.170), p=0.044}, occupation of father OR={1.991 (1.008-3.933), p=0.045}, mode of delivery OR={1.880 (1.004-3.519), p=0.047} and duration of pregnancy OR={6.286 (2.895-13.648), p<0.001} were found to have significant association.Conclusions: The study assessed the variables of LBW in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. The study showed that teenage mothers are at a higher risk of having a low-birth-weight baby. It is important to strengthen health education, capacity building, spreading awareness for marriage after twenty along with diagnosing and treating any type of medical or gynaecological conditions resulting premature babies.

Introduction: Objective of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding type 2 diabetes in diabetics as well as in Non-diabetics and also to determine the knowledge versus practice gap among diabetics. There is almost no study of this kind from Uttar Pradesh region of India. Material and method: A pretested and validated questionnaire were used for assessment of these parameters. This questionnaire was divided in to 3 parts. First part used for assessment of knowledge in all the study subjects and had 8 questions. Second part had five questions based on risk factors and complication of diabetes. Third part was used only for diabetics and again had five questions based on their health care seeking behavior. A total of 412 study subjects (206 diabetics and 206 Non-diabetics) were interviewed and their responses were noted in this questionnaire form. Results: 50% of the diabetics are in the age group category of 41-60 years. > 50% of non-diabetics are in the age group category 21-40 years. Most of the respondents were aware of symptomatology, non-communicability, need of self-monitoring of glucose at home and rapidly increasing incidence of diabetes. Almost 70 % of diabetics were aware about foot care and Very nominal number of diabetics (7.8%) was consuming sweets daily. A disheartening fact revealed that approximately 87% of diabetics do not carry sugar candy or any form of sugar before leaving home to correct any hypoglycemic episode. Conclusion: Knowledge of symptomatology of diabetes and requirement of self-monitoring of blood glucose at home was adequate among most of the study subjects and uniformly distributed among diabetics and Nondiabetics. More than 80% of diabetics were not aware about hypoglycemia symptoms and its treatment. Training of health care providers and large-scale education and awareness campaigns are the need of the hour for this region to further improve the knowledge and to improve self-care practices among all Diabetics.