INTRODUCTION: Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a physiological molecule synthesised by neutrophils during phagocytosis and plays an active role in the destruction of all microorganisms. In general, HOCl has been demonstrated to function as an antiseptic and an agent that induces apoptosis or cell necrosis in cells, depending on the ambient concentration.The aim of this study was to examine the impact of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) and zinc hypochlorite (ZnOCI), derived from diverse chlorine salts, on cellular proliferation and migration in keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines in vitro. METHODS: The effects of different concentrations of NaOCl and ZnOCl on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines were compared using cell viability, colony formation and wound healing assays. In addition, the presence of apoptosis in the cells was determined using the tunel method. RESULTS: The application of NaOCI and ZnOCI resulted in a notable enhancement in colony formation within keratinocyte cell lines, whereas this effect was not observed in fibroblast cell lines. In the fibroblast cell line, the application of NaOCI and ZnOCI was observed to result in the closure of the wound site. The keratinocyte cell line did not demonstrate a comparable effect. The application of NaOCI resulted in a notable reduction in apoptosis within the keratinocyte cell line, in comparison to the control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: NaOCL and ZnOCl increased colony formation in the keratinocyte cell line and enhanced wound healing in the fibroblast cell line. These hypochlorous acid derivatives were not superior to each other in terms of activity on cell lines.

Objective: Periodontitis causes periodontal inflammation and destruction and is known to increase the risk of occurrence in pregnant women. Boric acid (BA) reduces inflammatory cell infiltration in periodontitis. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of BA at different doses in pregnant rats with experimentally induced periodontitis by ligature. Materials and Methods: Sixty Wistar Albino female rats were divided into six groups: A periodontally healthy, non-pregnant control group (NL,n:10); A periodontally healthy, pregnant control group (NLP,n:10); A periodontitis and pregnant group not administered BA (LP,n:10); A periodontitis, pregnant group administered 1.5 mg/kg/day BA (BA1,n:10); Periodontitis and pregnant group administered 3 mg/kg/day BA (BA3,n:10); Periodontitis and pregnant group administered 6 mg/kg/day BA (BA6,n:10). Blood and tissue samples were taken from rats. Interleukin 33 (IL-33), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-a), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1 beta(IL-1 beta) and (The receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand) RANKL expressions were determined by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and immunohistochemically. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) measurements were performed in liver and placental tissues. Periodontium, liver and placenta tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Results: When the periodontal samples of the groups were compared, BA treatment improved histological appearance and scoring. The significant placental degeneration observed in the LP group was found to decrease in the BA3 group (p<0.05). RANKL expression was strongly positive in the LP and BA6 groups, while it weakened in the BA1 and BA3 groups. Conclusion: 1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg BA were effective in treating periodontitis in pregnant rats. But the 6 mg/kg BA was found to be ineffective.

This study investigates the therapeutic effects of Metformin and Dienogest on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in a rat model of induced endometriosis, aiming to enhance treatment strategies. Experimental groups included untreated control rats, rats with surgically induced endometriosis, and treatment groups receiving Dienogest (0.3 mg/kg/day) and Metformin (100 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. Treatments began on the 21st day post-induction and continued until sacrifice on day 49. Uterine cycle was monitored via vaginal smears, and endometrial lesion areas were reassessed pre- and post-treatment. Blood estradiol (E2), progesterone, and VEGF levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The endometriotic implants and uterus were assessed using histopathological analysis. The expression of PI3K/AKT pathway proteins was evaluated in endometriosis lesions and uterine tissue using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods. Metformin significantly reduced lesion diameter compared with untreated and dienogest-treated groups (p = 0.002). Serum E2 levels were significantly higher in the metformin group (p = 0.05). Histological examination showed reduced inflammatory infiltration and tissue degeneration in both treatment groups. RT-PCR demonstrated that PI3K, p-PI3K, and AKT expression were increased in the treatment groups within the endometriosis lesions. However, PI3K and p-PI3K expression were found to be reduced in uterine tissue. AKT expression was statistically significantly higher in the metformin group (p = 0.05). These findings confirm Metformin and Dienogest as effective agents for endometriosis regression, with molecular-level differences suggesting distinct mechanisms of action. Metformin's comprehensive effects on macroscopic, biochemical, microscopic, and molecular levels underscore its therapeutic potential. Further research is essential to unravel its mechanisms fully and explore clinical applications.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to retrospectively compare the relationship between female obesity and embryo quality and pregnancy outcome.Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, which received approval by the ethical committee, data of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients (n:542) between January 2019 and August 2021 were examined. The patients were divided into four groups: Group 1, Body Mass Index (BMI) <18.50 kg/m2 (n:16); Group 2, BMI 18.50-24.99 kg/m2 (n:263); Group 3, BMI 25.00-29.99 kg/m2 (n:156); Group 4, BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (n:107). Demographic characteristics of patients, baseline hormone levels, treatment protocols employed, counts of collected oocytes, day of embryo transfer, transferred embryo quality, a positive pregnancy test, and live births were collected, and statistical analysis was performed.Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, collected oocyte count, number of mature oocytes, maturation rate (p>0.05). Group 4 showed a statistically significant decrease in the number of 2PN (p=0.014) and fertilised oocyte count (p=0.006) compared to Group 2. When comparing pregnancy outcomes based on BMI groups, it was found that obesity did not significantly affect positive/negative pregnancy rates, live birth rates, miscarriage rates, biochemical pregnancy rates among the groups (p>0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated a decrease in embryo quality with increasing age. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) results showed that a good quality of the transferred embryo had a positive impact on achieving a positive pregnancy outcome. The presence of pregnancy was negatively affected by increasing age. In Group 1 and Group 2, there were significantly more Day-5 transfers than in Group 4 (p=0.008).Conclusion: This study showed that obese patients had a lower rate of Day 5 embryos compared to non-obese patients. However, no difference was found between BMI and pregnancy rates. The development of good quality embryos had a favourable effect on pregnancy outcomes, whereas increasing age had a negative effect. The present data suggest that further studies evaluating the mechanism underlying the effect of obesity on embryo development are warranted.

Aim Liquidambar orientalis Miller (Altingiaceae) is a relict endemic tree whose resinous exudate, storax, is traditionally used for antiseptic and wound-healing purposes; however, its activity against gynecological cancers is poorly characterized. This study evaluated the cytotoxic, anti-invasive, and apoptosis-related effects of L. orientalis storax on MDAH-2774 human ovarian cancer cells. Methods Cell viability was assessed using the XTT assay. Clonogenic survival, migration, and invasion were evaluated using colony formation, wound-healing, and Matrigel invasion assays. Apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining, and the expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle–related genes was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results The storax preparation reduced cell viability across the tested concentrations and exposure times, with a 24-h IC₅₀ of 32.34 μg/mL. Treatment decreased colony formation by 24.5% and reduced the invasion rate from 72.4% to 38.4%, while wound-healing assays showed marked suppression of migration. The apoptotic index increased from 3.02% to 11.00%. Storax significantly upregulated the pro-apoptotic and death-receptor genes APAF1, BID, CASP10, FADD, FAS, TNF, and TRADD, and downregulated the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-XL. Conclusion L. orientalis storax preparation was associated with reduced cell viability, clonogenic growth, migration, and invasion in MDAH-2774 cells, along with an apoptosis-related response. These in vitro findings support further investigation of its selectivity and underlying mechanisms.

This study aimed to evaluate two intermittent fasting (IF) protocols (8:16 and 5:2) on sperm parameters and testicular microarchitecture in rats fed a high-fructose (HF) diet. Forty 12-week-old male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Control, HF(20% fructose), (8:16)+HF (16-h daily fast), and (5:2)+HF(two fasting days/week). Following the 8-week treatment, biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural (TEM) analyses were performed.HF-diet led to significant weight gain and hyperglycemia. Both IF protocols effectively reduced body weight, while 8:16 IF significantly lowered glucose levels (p < .05). The control group showed significantly higher sperm counts and motility compared to the HF and 5:2 IF groups (p < .001). The 5:2 IF group showed the most severe degeneration, with significantly reduced Johnsen scores compared to both control and HF groups(p = .001).Histopathologically, the HF group exhibited deformed seminiferous tubules and basement membrane disorganization. Ultrastructural findings confirmed mitochondrial cristae loss, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and increased apoptosis in both IF groups, with the 5:2 protocol showing more pronounced heterochromatic nuclei and lipid droplet accumulation. While IF - particularly the 8:16 - effectively manages metabolic parameters like weight and glucose under HF diet conditions, it may exacerbate testicular damage and impair spermatogenesis. Specifically, the 5:2 IF protocol appears to have a more detrimental effect on sperm quality and testicular ultrastructure.

Endometrial carcinoma, the most common malignancy of the female genital tract, remains challenging to treat despite early-stage dominance. Surgical interventions and irradiation are insufficient for advanced endometrial cancer. Our aim was to investigate to explore the in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of boric acid (BA) on endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines (Ishikawa and HEC-1B cell lines), providing experimental evidence for the potential application of boric acid as an anticancer drug. Time- and dose-dependent cell viability was determined with the XTT cell proliferation test. Differences in mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR using cDNAs and SYBR green assay. Colony formation and the effect of BA on wound healing were evaluated. Immunocytochemistry and TUNEL tests were performed to evaluate apoptosis. BA increased the expression of Caspase 3 and Bax in HEC-1B and Ischikawa cell lines. It was determined that BA significantly decreased the number of colonies in both cell lines (p < 0.05). In HEC-1B and Ishikawa cell lines, there was an increase in cell migration in the control group at 16 and 24 h. The apoptotic index was higher in the BA group, although it was not statistically significant. According to immunohistochemistry results, Caspase 3 and Bax expression in HEC-1B and Ishikawa cell lines were statistically increased in BA group. The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased statistically with BA treatment in both cell lines (p = 0.0001). BA treatment inhibited cell migration and colony formation, which are important for carcinogenesis, in endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines. This inhibition was shown to occur through the apoptotic pathway.

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of microRNA-200c on embryo implantation and the expressions of α5β3, LIF, IL-6, CD105 (endogolin), and VEGF, which have a role in implantation. The experimental model comprised 30 female and 4 male rats. The rats were divided into two groups: the first group comprised non-pregnant rats, while the second group comprised pregnant rats. The pregnant rats were then separated into two groups: an experimental pregnant group and a control pregnant group. In the experimental group, rats were administered a microRNA200-c mimic solution (50 μl of 0.9

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxia and ischemia occurring after ovarian transplantation lead to significant follicular losses.The aim of this study was to prevent follicular losses during ovarian tissue transplantation through periovarian adipose tissue, without the need for any scaffold, bioengineering applications, or vascular anastomosis. METHODS: In our study, fresh ovaries (maintaining their structural integrity) were transplanted into the dorsal muscles of the rat along with periovarian adipose tissue. RESULTS: Our findings indicate that paracrine factors secreted by fibroblasts in the tunica albuginea and fibrous sheath, along with adipocytes and mesenchymal stem cells in periovarian adipose tissue, effectively prevent ischemia in ovarian tissue and accelerate angiogenesis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, periovarian adipose tissue effectively prevents ischemia in ovarian tissue and plays a crucial role in preserving the ovarian follicle reserve, without the need for scaffolds, bioengineering applications, or vascular anastomosis

INTRODUCTION:Wound healing is a complex biological process involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Despite promising results with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and synthetic scaffolds used separately, their combined in vivo effects remain insufficiently investigated. This experimental study presents the first results on a composite wound dressing integrating PRP, rich in growth factors, with electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers, a biocompatible and stable polymer. METHODS:Full-thickness skin defects (1 × 1 cm2) were created in 21 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats and divided into three groups: control, PVA, and PRP/PVA. Wound healing was assessed histologically and biochemically on days 7 and 14, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) measurement. RESULTS:The PRP/PVA group showed enhanced epithelialization and angiogenesis compared to other groups (p < 0.05), along with higher FGF-2 levels. CONCLUSION:The relatively small sample size, absence of a PRP-only group, and short observation period limit the generalizability of these findings. Within these constraints, the results indicate a potential synergistic role of PRP and PVA scaffolds in promoting wound repair, supporting further studies with larger cohorts and standardized PRP preparation before clinical translation.

Obesity is associated with low fertility potential. Ca2 + oscillations are known to be triggered after sperm oocyte membrane fusion, which allows entry of a sperm-specific phospholipase C-zeta (PLCζ), into the oocyte cytoplasm. We aimed to examine sperm PLCζ expression changes in obese and non-obese men along with sperm parameters. The demographic characteristics of the patients were analysed. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups:Non-obese patients (BMI < 30)(Control)(n:49) and the Obese Patient Group (BMI ≥ 30)n = 18). Semen analysis of the groups was evaluated. Rt-PCR analysis and histopathologic evaluation by immunohistochemistry for PLCζ expression were performed. Testosterone levels in the control group were statistically higher than in the obese group (4.8 ± 1.28 μg/L;3.6 ± 1.61 μg/L, respectively) (p < 0.05). Prolactin levels were 12.6 ± 7.2 μg/L in the control group and 17.15 ± 9.28 μg/L in the obese group, which was statistically significant (p = 0.03). No significant difference was detected between the groups in sperm concentration, motility, morphology, or viability, although semen pH was significantly higher in obese patients (p = 0.024).. Although no statistically significant was observed, PCR analysis revealed that PLCζ expression was elevated by a factor of 1.69 in obese patients. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that PLCζ expression was decreased in obese patients compared to the control group. Although PLCζ mRNA expression was higher in the obese group compared to the control group, immunohistochemical staining results demonstrated weak staining of sperm cells in the obese group. These results indicated that PLCζ protein synthesis pauses at some point in obese patients. The discrepancy between mRNA expression and protein localization may indicate translational or post-translational regulation, though this was not directly assessed in our study. This study highlights the complex relationship between obesity and male fertility, suggesting that obesity may disrupt the translation of PLCζ protein, which is crucial for successful fertilization.

Purpose: Ovarian cryopreservation is a highly effective method that minimizes toxic effects and is prefered for preserving fertility. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is critically important for cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, nutrient signaling, and survival. Our aim was to investigate the expression of mTOR and Phosphorylated (p-mTOR) in the ovary before and after freezing using an immunohistochemical method. Material and methods: Ovarian samples were allocated into two groups: control (C; n=6) and vitrification–thawing (V/T; n=6). Control samples were fixed in buffered formalin for 48 hours. The vitrification–thawing (V/T) group was frozen in liquid nitrogen at -196ºC and stored for one week before thawing. All samples were processed for paraffin embedding and sectioning. Ovaries were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, and follicle counting was performed. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate mTOR and p-mTOR expression. Results: Follicle numbers did not differ significanlty between the groups. Strong mTOR expression was observed in follicles of both C and V/T group ovaries. Positive p-mTOR expression was detected in oocytes and granulosa cells in the control group, whereas the expression was negative in the V/T group. Conclusion: Cryopreservation methods did not induce to alter mTOR expression in ovarian tissue. However, the absence of p-mTOR activity associated with oocyte quality in frozen ovarian tissues suggested that cryopreservation effected the quality of oocyte.

The objective of our study was to investigate the apoptotic effect of ferulic acid (FA) on endometrial cancer (EC) cells through the application and analysis of a nanoparticle known as Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks-8 (ZIF-8). FA molecules were coated with ZIF-8 (FA-ZIF-8) and subjected to analysis using several techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible spectroscopy and elemental mapping analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XTT kit, quantitative real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, TUNEL, wound healing assay and colonization test was used to determine the apoptotic effects of FA-ZIF-8 on Ishikawa and HEC1B Cells. SEM showed that the particles were hexagonal with an average diameter of 250 nm, SERS mapping showed that the particles were distributed in the middle and on the sides, FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of main functional groups and UV spectrum showed maximum absorbance at 215 nm. IC50 dose of FA-ZIF-8 for ishikawa cell was 300,03 μg/mL at 72 h, and for HEC1B cell was 467,56 μg/mL at 72 h. Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 gene ratios (2.03 fold in Ishikawa, and 3.53 fold in HEC1B) and apoptotic index (AI) increased (p<0.05), cell proliferation and migration decreased in FA-ZIF-8 groups. This study showed that ZIF-8 nanoparticles encapsulating FA could be a therapeutically effective treatment for the EC cells. We have applied ferulic acid, which is frequently used in cancer treatment research in recent years, to endometrial cancer by coating it with ZIF-8. Our study showed FA-ZIF-8 can be anticancer effective at low doses. FA-ZIF-8 treatment induced apoptosis in ishikawa and HEC1B cells and decreased proliferation, migration and colonization.

Purpose: Our aim is to study the effects of the single and combined treatments of Everolimus, Metformin, and Lithium Chloride in two-dimensional (2D, monolayer) and three-dimensional (3D, spheroid) cell cultures of Ishikawa cells, which comprise the endometrial cancer cell line. Materials and methods: As part of the study, the effects of single and combined forms of Everolimus, Metformin, and Lithium Chloride were determined on cell viability, invasion, colony formation and apoptosis, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell viability was assessed using XTT assay. CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, FASL, FADD, TNF, TRADD, BAX, P53, PI3KCA, PI3KCB, PTEN, MTOR, AKT1 genes were evaluated with RT-PCR, apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and 3D spheroid results were evaluated with invert microscope analysis. Results: Everolimus, metformin, and lithium's IC50 levels were found at 48 hours to be 37.46 nM, 48.59 mM, and 100 µM, respectively. It was determined that the invasive capacities of Ishikawa cells in treatment groups, as well as cell colony formation were significantly reduced. In addition, Ishikawa spheroid cells were significantly suppressed compared with the control groups. RT-PCR results revealed that substances and their combinations affect genes associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and apoptosis. Flow cytometry results showed notably increased apoptosis by single and combined treatments. Conclusion: As a result, the single and combination forms of everolimus, metformin, and lithium have reduced cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased mTOR activation through various mechanisms in Ishikawa cells.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological cancer deaths. One of the major challenges in treating ovarian cancer with chemotherapy is managing the resistance developed by cancer cells to drugs, while also minimizing the side effects caused by these agents In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects of a combination of alpha lipoic acid (ALA), with cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer(OVCAR-3). The cytotoxic effects of ALA, cisplatin and paclitaxel on OVCAR-3 cells were determined. Four groups were formed: Control, ALA, Cisplatin + Paclitaxel, ALA + Cisplatin + Paclitaxel. The effects of single and combined therapy on cell migration, invasion and colony formation were analyzed. Changes in the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell adhesion and cell cycle were analyzed with Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The oxidative stress index and The Annexin V test were performed. The reduction in rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR(RICTOR) expression in the ALA + Cisplatin + Paclitaxel group was found statistically significant(p < 0.05). The decrease in MMP-9 and − 11 expressions the ALA + Cisplatin + Paclitaxel group was statistically significant(p < 0.05). The lowest values for mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) proteins were found in the ALA + Cisplatin + Paclitaxel group. No colony formation was observed in the Cisplatin + Paclitaxel and ALA + Cisplatin + Paclitaxel groups. The lowest wound healing at 24 h was seen in the ALA + Cisplatin + Paclitaxel group. This study is the first one to investigate the combined treatment of ALA, Cisplatin, Paclitaxel on OVCAR-3. While ALA alone was not effective, combined therapy with ALA, has been found to reduce cell invasion, especially wound healing in the first 24 h, along with tumor cell adhesion.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Patients are usually diagnosed with advanced tumor metastass. Epithelial over cancer cells spread from primary tumor by undergoing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). It has been suggested that alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a natural antioxidant lipophilic compound, reduces the oxidative stress by causing apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of cell in cancer cells. The aim of our study was to establish a transforming growth factor 81 (TGF 81) dependent epithelial mesenchymal transition model in the SKOV-3 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line which is an epithelial subtype of ovarian cancer and to investigate the effects of alpha lipoic acid on EMT and ovarian cancer migration.Methods: For establish an EMT model, SKOV-3 cells were treated with different dose of TGF 81 and XTT cell viability kit was used to find IC 50 dose of ALA. Four different groups that are control, TGF 81, ALA and ALA + TGF 81 were created. Changes in the expression of genes related to EMT markers that are E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, Slug, Twist and Zeb were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR. These proteins were determined with the immunocytochemistry method. The migration capacity was analyzed with wound healing assay. Matrigel invasion capacity test was used to show invasion and colonization test to show colonization.Results: The dose of TGF 81 was determined 100 ng/ml at 72 h, the IC50 dose of ALA 219.033 mu M at 48 h was determined. EMT markers in the TGF 81 group were compatible with EMT and it was shown to inhibit EMT in the groups given ALA. According to wound healing, colonization and invasion experiments, proliferation and invasion increased in TGF 81 group, but decreased in ALA and combined groups (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results indicate that ALA suppresses the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells by regulating EMT, implying that ALA might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

We aimed to explore the effects of systemic melatonin and intratesticular Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) administration on rats with acute unilateral testicular torsion. Rats were randomized into Sham group (S) (n=8), torsion/detorsion group (T/D by torsion of right testis with rotated 720° counter clockwise for 3 h, then detorsion) (n=8), Melatonin group given 25 mg/kg after torsion/detorsion (M) (n=8), Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-treated group after torsion/detorsion (MSC) (n=8), Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-treated group with melatonin after torsion/detorsion (MSC+M) (n=8). We measured MDA, Testosterone, FSH and LH levels, performed histopathological analyses in testicles, and identified SOX, VASA and Caspas-3 reactions immunohistochemically. Testosterone, FSH, LH values did not yield any significant difference between the groups. While the Johnson score in the right testis remained the lowest in T/D, the highest score was noted in the S. The T/D manifested some degenerative seminiferous tubules, abnormal spermatogenesis and maturation arrest. The degenerative appearance monitored in M, MSC and MSC+M groups persisted in some tubules, while markedly reduced degeneration was observed in some other tubules. The highest Caspase-3 expression in T/D, whereas SOX-9 expression remained significantly higher in the treatment groups. Another aspect deserving attention is that MSC were characterized by low VASA expression. Our experimental trial suggests that the torsion-induced degeneration in testicular tissue was ameliorated in all the treatment groups. Although MSC, MSC+M and M administrations decreased the torsion-induced degeneration in the testicular tissue, these treatments did not prove to be superior to each other.

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent. Gonadotropins are molecules with various actions. Here, we investigated the effects of gonadotropins on the peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen in rats administered with CTX. Three groups were formed: Control (C) group with no process; Sham (S) group: Physiological saline was applied; CTX group: A single dose of 200 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg CTX was administered for the next 14 days. All rats were superovulated with 150-300 IU/kg pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Human chorionic gonadotropin @150-300 IU/kg was given, and complete blood counts, bone marrow smears, and spleen sections were examined; and also the expression of WNT-1, WNT-4, and 0-catenin was analyzed. Although the hemoglobin and platelet value in the CTX group was lowest, it was still within the normal reference ranges. The C and S groups had significantly higher white blood cell values (p=0.017). In terms of number of megakaryocytes, Myeloid/ Erythroid ratio, lymphoid cell ratios, no significant differences were found in bone marrow aspiration smears. The CTX group had significantly higher 0-catenin expression in the red pulp than the other groups (p=0.0001). The CTX group had the highest WNT-4 expression and very intense expression of WNT-1 in the white pulp. Our results indicate that the gonadotropins, promising in "treatment", have favourable effects on toxicity of CTX.

The most common cause in the etiology of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is ischemic heart disease due to atherosclerosis. Postmortem diagnosis can be made by histopathological examinations, but routine histopathological examinations are limited, especially in the early period of postmortem ischemia. For this reason, many methods are being investigated for the postmortem diagnosis of ischemia, and postmortem biochemical studies are promising. In our study, we evaluated the biochemical markers; hs-cTnT, NT-proBNP, H-FABP, pentraxin-3, copeptin, ischemic modified albumin (IMA), and PAPP-A in postmortem serums. In forensic pathology practice, it was investigated whether it would be useful to go to the diagnosis by measuring more than one marker in a single biological fluid in SCD cases. The study included 35 sudden cardiac death cases and 24 control cases and as a result of our study, hs-cTnT, NT-proBNP, and H-FABP values were found to be significantly higher in the SCD group than in the control group. Within the scope of the multi-marker strategy, models were tried to be developed in which the markers were used together, and it was concluded that the model consisting of the myocardial ischemia marker hs-cTnT, the myocardial stress marker NT-proBNP, and the inflammation marker pentraxin 3 was the most accurate combination by correctly classifying the cases at a rate of 94.9%. As a result, it was thought that it would be appropriate to use the multi-marker strategy which is widely used in clinical applications, also in forensic medicine applications.