In this paper, we examine PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control using model driven control for stable plants. PID control systems work as one of powerful methods for controlling several plants. However, PID control remains a difficulty. That is, when P-parameter, I-parameter and D-parameter in the PID controller are adjusted using previously proposed methods, the admissible sets of P-parameter, I-parameter and D-parameter, which guarantee the stability of PID control system, are related each other. Therefore if P-parameter is changed, the admissible set of I-parameter and D-parameter which make the feedback control system stable is also changed. If the admissible sets of P-parameter, I-parameter and D-parameter are independent each other, then we can easily settle P-parameter, I-parameter and D-parameter in the PID controller to achieve desirable control specifications. However, no paper gives the admissible sets of P-parameter and I-parameter which are independent each other. The purpose of this paper is to overcome this problem and propose modified PID control systems such that the stability of control system is guaranteed and the admissible sets of P-parameter, I-parameter and D-parameter, which guarantee the stability of PID control system, are independent each other. The modified PID control system is built based on fusion of the idea of the model driven control and the parametrization of all stabilizing controllers for stable plants. A numerical example is illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

In this paper, we examine a design method for modifled PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers for stable plants. PID controller structure is the most widely used one in industrial applications. Recently the parametrization of all stabilizing PID controller has been considered. However no method has been published to guarantee the stability of PID control system for any stable plants and the admissible sets of P-parameter, I-parameter and D-parameter to guarantee the stability of PID control system are independent from each other. In this paper, we propose a design method for modifled PID controllers such that the modifled PID controller make the closed-loop system for any stable plants stable and the admissible sets of P-parameter, I-parameter and D-parameter are independent from each other. Numerical examples and an application to a heat ∞ow experiment are shown to illustrate the efiectiveness of the proposed method.

In this paper, we examine the anxiety at utilization of wheelchairs. When the human use wheelchairs, from the influence of environment, the human feel a sense of unease. In particular, when the human go up slopes using wheelchairs, the human feel a sense of unease. The sense of unease is under influence of the organ of vision and the vestibular organ. In this paper, we clarify the relation between the sense of unease and the vestibular organ, when the human go up slopes using wheelchairs.

To date five mutations in two major constituents of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain, i.e. α4 and β2 subunits, have been identified to be associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE). Among them, only Ser284Leu, a point mutation in α4 subunit identified in ADNFLE as well as in a sporadic case with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, remains to be characterized electrophysiologically. We examined the properties of rat nAChR harboring Ser284Leu reconstituted on Xenopus oocytes. Currents elicited in response to application of acetylcholine to oocytes expressing wild type or mutant nAChR were measured by a standard two-microelectrode voltage clamp method. Compared with wild-type nAChR, the mutant nAChR had a comparable EC50 value for acetylcholine whereas it showed faster desensitization and lower Cs+/Na+ permeability ratio. Ser284Phe, a putative mutation constructed for comparison, exhibited similar properties. These findings indicate that Ser284 plays an important role in gating of nAChR along with Thr276 and Ser280, and suggest that mutation at Ser284 could reduce nAChR activity similar to other mutations of α4 subunit found in ADNFLE.

In this paper, we examine a design method for a modified Smith predictor for minimum-phase timedelay plants. The modified Smith predictor is well known as an effective time-delay compensator for a plant with large time delays, and several papers on the modified Smith predictor have been published. However, the parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors has not been obtained. If this can be obtained, we can express existing proposals for modified Smith predictors in a uniform manner, and the modified Smith predictor can be designed systematically. The purpose of this paper is to propose the parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors for minimum-phase time-delay plants. The control characteristics of the control system using the parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors are also given. Finally, numerical examples for stable plants and unstable plants are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed parameterization of all stabilizing modified Smith predictors.